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3.
Am J Nurs ; 122(2): 7, 2022 02 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35085124

RESUMO

And we need to make it one we're proud of.


Assuntos
População Negra/psicologia , História , Enfermagem , Racismo , Humanos , Discriminação Social , Local de Trabalho/psicologia
5.
J Am Coll Cardiol ; 78(9): 957-959, 2021 08 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34446166
6.
Folia Microbiol (Praha) ; 66(5): 797-807, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34131829

RESUMO

The research of the microbiological air quality of a building considered a human historical and cultural heritage site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization is fundamental for preventive conservation action, mainly because it identifies cultivable fungal species around the collections and suggests the appropriate treatment choice. This study investigated the air microbiological parameters inside the Nossa Senhora da Conceição Church and identified the population of airborne fungi. Sixty filamentous fungal isolates were detected with ten distinct taxa. The counts of colony forming units (CFUs) performed at 10 different points were in accordance with Brazilian legislation. In addition, the presence of two fungal species was detected colonizing artworks covered with gold leaves: Cladosporium cladosporioides and Aspergillus versicolor. Air quality monitoring inside the church was in accordance with the required Brazilian legislation standards. The composition of the filamentous fungal community included the presence of human fungal pathogens; for this reason, the use of personal protective equipment was recommended during the restoration work. Thus, characterization of the air microbiological parameters helps to preserve not only the building's collection, but also the health of the faithful, conservators-restorers, tourists, and researchers.


Assuntos
Microbiologia Ambiental , Micobioma , Microbiologia do Ar , Aspergillus , Brasil , Cladosporium , Monitoramento Ambiental , Fungos , História , Humanos
7.
PLoS One ; 16(5): e0251558, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33984064

RESUMO

Recent scholarship in critical toponymy studies has refashioned the understanding of street names from innocent labels to nominal loci of historical memory and vectors of collective identity that are embroiled with power relations. Urban nomenclatures consist of more than mere linguistic signposts deployed onto space to facilitate navigation. Street names are also powerful signposts that indicate the political regime and its socio-cultural values. Drawing on these theoretical insights, this paper is focused on Sibiu (Romania) and explore the city's shifting namescape in a longitudinal perspective spanning one century and a half of modern history (1875-2020). The analysis is based on a complete dataset of street names and street name changes registered across five political regimes (Habsburg Empire, Kingdom of Romania, Romanian People's Republic, Socialist Republic of Romania, and post-socialist Romania). A series of multiple logistic regression models were carried out to determine the factors that influence toponymic change. The statistical results point out several significant predictors of street renaming: (1) the streets' toponymic characteristics (politicized or neutral name); (2) artery rank (public squares and large avenues or ordinary streets and alleys); and (3) topographic features (a street's size and centrality). Such a quantitative approach coupled with a longitudinal perspective contributes to the scholarly literature on place-naming practices in three major ways: firstly, by advancing an innovative methodological framework and analytical model for the study of street name changes; secondly, by delineating with statistical precision the factors that model toponymic change; and thirdly, by embedding these renaming practices observed especially after significant power shifts in the broader historical context of the changes brought in the city's street nomenclature.


Assuntos
Linguística , Política , Cidades , História , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Linguística/história , Romênia
8.
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg ; 74(3): 632-633, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33402317

RESUMO

Cranioplasty, defined as the reconstruction of cranial defects, not only offers protective effects with an aesthetically pleasing outcome, but also reverses the altered physiology post craniotomy and craniectomy. The journey of cranioplasty from its roots to the neoteric armamentarium depicts how enormously the innovation of surgical techniques have changed the face of plastic surgery.


Assuntos
Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Crânio/cirurgia , Cirurgia Plástica/tendências , Craniotomia/métodos , História , Humanos , Invenções , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/instrumentação , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/tendências
9.
Annu Rev Psychol ; 72: 717-749, 2021 01 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33049160

RESUMO

Psychology has traditionally seen itself as the science of universal human cognition, but it has only recently begun seriously grappling with cross-cultural variation. Here we argue that the roots of cross-cultural variation often lie in the past. Therefore, to understand not only how but also why psychology varies, we need to grapple with cross-temporal variation. The traces of past human cognition accessible through historical texts and artifacts can serve as a valuable, and almost completely unutilized, source of psychological data. These data from dead minds open up an untapped and highly diverse subject pool. We review examples of research that may be classified as historical psychology, introduce sources of historical data and methods for analyzing them, explain the critical role of theory, and discuss how psychologists can add historical depth and nuance to their work. Psychology needs to become a historical science if it wants to be a genuinely universal science of human cognition and behavior.


Assuntos
História , Teoria Psicológica , Psicologia/métodos , Cognição , Evolução Cultural , Cultura , Humanos
10.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci ; 76(9): 1799-1807, 2021 10 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33300996

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The World Health Organization launched a recent global campaign to combat ageism, citing its ubiquity and insidious threat to health. The historical context that promoted this pernicious threat is understudied, and such studies lay the critical foundation for designing societal-level campaigns to combat it. We analyzed the trend and content of aging narratives over 210 years across multiple genres-newspaper, magazines, fiction, nonfiction books-and modeled the predictors of the observed trend. METHOD: A 600-million-word dataset was created from the Corpus of Historical American English and the Corpus of Contemporary American English to form the largest structured historical corpus with over 150,000 texts from multiple genres. Computational linguistics and statistical techniques were applied to study the trend, content, and predictors of aging narratives. RESULTS: Aging narratives have become more negative, in a linear fashion (p = .003), over 210 years. There are distinct shifts: From uplifting narratives of heroism and kinship in the 1800s to darker tones of illness, death, and burden in the 1900s across newspapers, magazines, and nonfiction books. Fiction defied this trend by portraying older adults positively through romantic courtship and war heroism. Significant predictors of ageism over 210 years are the medicalization of aging, loss of status, warmth, competence, and social ostracism. DISCUSSION: Though it is unrealistic to reverse the course of ageism, its declining trajectory can be ameliorated. Our unprecedented study lay the groundwork for a societal-level campaign to tackle ageism. The need to act is more pressing given the Covid-19 pandemic where older adults are constantly portrayed as vulnerable.


Assuntos
Etarismo , Envelhecimento , COVID-19 , Percepção Social , Idoso , Etarismo/ética , Etarismo/prevenção & controle , Etarismo/tendências , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Envelhecimento/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/psicologia , História , Humanos , Relação entre Gerações , Modelos Lineares , Medicina Narrativa/métodos , Psicologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Percepção Social/ética , Percepção Social/psicologia , Estereotipagem
13.
Br J Nurs ; 29(18): 1053, 2020 Oct 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33035089
14.
Br J Hosp Med (Lond) ; 81(9): 1-2, 2020 Sep 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32990076

RESUMO

Most readers will be familiar with the term 'Wallerian degeneration' - the degenerative changes that take place in nerve fibres distal to the site of their division. Few, I would respectfully suggest, would know very much about the discoverer of this phenomenon, Augustus Waller. This year marks the 200th anniversary of his death.


Assuntos
Nervos Periféricos , Fisiologia , Degeneração Walleriana/fisiopatologia , Pesquisa Biomédica , História , Humanos , Nervos Periféricos/fisiologia , Nervos Periféricos/fisiopatologia , Reino Unido
17.
Yale J Biol Med ; 93(2): 355-363, 2020 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32607094

RESUMO

Aristolochia herbals have a 2500-year history of medicinal use. We focused this article on Portland's Powders, an 18th-century British gout medicine containing Aristolochia herbs. The powders constitute an 18th-century iteration of an herbal remedy, which was used, with variations, since at least the fifth century BCE. The use of Portland's Powders in Great Britain may appear to be an unusual choice for investigating a public health problem currently widespread in Asia. Yet it exemplifies long-term medicinal use of Aristolochia herbs, reflecting our argument that aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a historically persistent iatrogenic disease. Moreover, we provide compelling evidence that individuals taking Portland's Powders for gout would have ingested toxic quantities of aristolochic acid, which causes AAN and cancer. Several factors, including long history of use, latency of toxic effects, and lack of effective regulation, perpetuate usage of Aristolochia herbals to the present day.


Assuntos
Aristolochia/química , Ácidos Aristolóquicos/farmacologia , Nefropatias , Efeitos Adversos de Longa Duração , Fitoterapia , Carcinógenos/farmacologia , Gota/tratamento farmacológico , Supressores da Gota/farmacologia , História , Humanos , Doença Iatrogênica/prevenção & controle , Nefropatias/induzido quimicamente , Nefropatias/prevenção & controle , Efeitos Adversos de Longa Duração/induzido quimicamente , Efeitos Adversos de Longa Duração/fisiopatologia , Efeitos Adversos de Longa Duração/prevenção & controle , Fitoterapia/efeitos adversos , Fitoterapia/métodos
18.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 73(5): e20180971, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32609205

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the systems and signs in the constitution of militant nurses. METHODS: a historical and qualitative research based on oral history carried out with 11 nurses who had been working in the professional field since 1980. Data collected from semi-structured interviews were organized into NVivo software 10, being analyzed through dialectical hermeneutics. RESULTS: systems and signs are systems that allow us to use senses, symbols or meaning to objectify and subjectivate the subject. The revealed senses were categorized and divided into improper, religious, heroic, communist, and socially involved. CONCLUSIONS: militancy signs are convergent with what is put in national and international literature. The difference found was in the heroic sense and implicated with the social. Militant is almost never associated with positive aspects. An individual who builds himself as a political being empowers himself as a social being, making knowledge of power, generating a break in traditional models.


Assuntos
História , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/classificação , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Ativismo Político , Brasil , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto/métodos , Liderança , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Pesquisa Qualitativa
19.
J Pak Med Assoc ; 70(Suppl 3)(5): S34-S37, 2020 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32515373

RESUMO

Infectious diseases resulting in epidemics and pandemics have moulded human history and continue to do so even today. Cholera, plague, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and influenza have been some of the most brutal killers. The advancement of medical science has helped us win the war against several of these deadly agents. However, despite all our efforts, new agents continue to emerge. Studying the pandemics of the past helps us respond better to those affecting the globe today. In this narrative review, we present the greatest pandemics of the past, and discuss how the lessons from history may aid us in preparing for the future.


Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes , História , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Defesa Civil/organização & administração , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/classificação , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/prevenção & controle , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/terapia , Saúde Global , Humanos , Organização Mundial da Saúde
20.
Soins Pediatr Pueric ; 41(313): 12-15, 2020.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32446549

RESUMO

A clinical research device, the "Creation of History" workshop was set up in schools in São Paulo, Brazil, with migrant children aged 6 to 10. This workshop allows these children to retrace their migratory history with the help of a family album, based on the construction of the space-time dimension present in their interpretation of their drawings.


Assuntos
História , Migrantes/educação , Brasil , Criança , Humanos , Instituições Acadêmicas
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