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2.
BMC Med Educ ; 24(1): 296, 2024 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38491491

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: As the healthcare sector becomes increasingly reliant on technology, it is crucial for universities to offer bachelor's degrees in health informatics (HI). HI professionals bridge the gap between IT and healthcare, ensuring that technology complements patient care and clinical workflows; they promote enhanced patient outcomes, support clinical research, and uphold data security and privacy standards. This study aims to evaluate accredited HI academic programs in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This study employed a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional design utilising a self-reported electronic questionnaire consisting of predetermined items and response alternatives. Probability-stratified random sampling was also performed. RESULT: The responses rates were 39% (n = 241) for students and 62% (n = 53) for faculty members. While the participants expressed different opinions regarding the eight variables being examined, the faculty members and students generally exhibited a strong level of consensus on many variables. A notable association was observed between facilities and various other characteristics, including student engagement, research activities, admission processes, and curriculum. Similarly, a notable correlation exists between student engagement and the curriculum in connection to research, attrition, the function of faculty members, and academic outcomes. CONCLUSION: While faculty members and students hold similar views about the institution and its offerings, certain areas of divergence highlight the distinct perspectives and priorities of each group. The perception disparity between students and faculty in areas such as admission, faculty roles, and internships sheds light on areas of improvement and alignment for universities.


Assuntos
Docentes , Informática Médica , Humanos , Arábia Saudita , Estudos Transversais , Estudantes
3.
JMIR Med Educ ; 10: e51151, 2024 Mar 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38506920

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, such as ChatGPT, in the educational landscape has the potential to enhance the learning experience of medical informatics students and prepare them for using AI in professional settings. The incorporation of AI in classes aims to develop critical thinking by encouraging students to interact with ChatGPT and critically analyze the responses generated by the chatbot. This approach also helps students develop important skills in the field of biomedical and health informatics to enhance their interaction with AI tools. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to explore the perceptions of students regarding the use of ChatGPT as a learning tool in their educational context and provide professors with examples of prompts for incorporating ChatGPT into their teaching and learning activities, thereby enhancing the educational experience for students in medical informatics courses. METHODS: This study used a mixed methods approach to gain insights from students regarding the use of ChatGPT in education. To accomplish this, a structured questionnaire was applied to evaluate students' familiarity with ChatGPT, gauge their perceptions of its use, and understand their attitudes toward its use in academic and learning tasks. Learning outcomes of 2 courses were analyzed to propose ChatGPT's incorporation in master's programs in medicine and medical informatics. RESULTS: The majority of students expressed satisfaction with the use of ChatGPT in education, finding it beneficial for various purposes, including generating academic content, brainstorming ideas, and rewriting text. While some participants raised concerns about potential biases and the need for informed use, the overall perception was positive. Additionally, the study proposed integrating ChatGPT into 2 specific courses in the master's programs in medicine and medical informatics. The incorporation of ChatGPT was envisioned to enhance student learning experiences and assist in project planning, programming code generation, examination preparation, workflow exploration, and technical interview preparation, thus advancing medical informatics education. In medical teaching, it will be used as an assistant for simplifying the explanation of concepts and solving complex problems, as well as for generating clinical narratives and patient simulators. CONCLUSIONS: The study's valuable insights into medical faculty students' perspectives and integration proposals for ChatGPT serve as an informative guide for professors aiming to enhance medical informatics education. The research delves into the potential of ChatGPT, emphasizes the necessity of collaboration in academic environments, identifies subject areas with discernible benefits, and underscores its transformative role in fostering innovative and engaging learning experiences. The envisaged proposals hold promise in empowering future health care professionals to work in the rapidly evolving era of digital health care.


Assuntos
Informática Médica , Estudantes de Medicina , Humanos , Inteligência Artificial , Escolaridade , Docentes de Medicina
5.
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak ; 24(1): 58, 2024 Feb 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38408983

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To gain insight into the real-life care of patients in the healthcare system, data from hospital information systems and insurance systems are required. Consequently, linking clinical data with claims data is necessary. To ensure their syntactic and semantic interoperability, the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM) from the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) community was chosen. However, there is no detailed guide that would allow researchers to follow a generic process for data harmonization, i.e. the transformation of local source data into the standardized OMOP CDM format. Thus, the aim of this paper is to conceptualize a generic data harmonization process for OMOP CDM. METHODS: For this purpose, we conducted a literature review focusing on publications that address the harmonization of clinical or claims data in OMOP CDM. Subsequently, the process steps used and their chronological order as well as applied OHDSI tools were extracted for each included publication. The results were then compared to derive a generic sequence of the process steps. RESULTS: From 23 publications included, a generic data harmonization process for OMOP CDM was conceptualized, consisting of nine process steps: dataset specification, data profiling, vocabulary identification, coverage analysis of vocabularies, semantic mapping, structural mapping, extract-transform-load-process, qualitative and quantitative data quality analysis. Furthermore, we identified seven OHDSI tools which supported five of the process steps. CONCLUSIONS: The generic data harmonization process can be used as a step-by-step guide to assist other researchers in harmonizing source data in OMOP CDM.


Assuntos
Informática Médica , Vocabulário , Humanos , Bases de Dados Factuais , Ciência de Dados , Semântica , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde
7.
Anesth Analg ; 138(2): 253-272, 2024 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38215706

RESUMO

The role of informatics in public health has increased over the past few decades, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the critical importance of aggregated, multicenter, high-quality, near-real-time data to inform decision-making by physicians, hospital systems, and governments. Given the impact of the pandemic on perioperative and critical care services (eg, elective procedure delays; information sharing related to interventions in critically ill patients; regional bed-management under crisis conditions), anesthesiologists must recognize and advocate for improved informatic frameworks in their local environments. Most anesthesiologists receive little formal training in public health informatics (PHI) during clinical residency or through continuing medical education. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that this knowledge gap represents a missed opportunity for our specialty to participate in informatics-related, public health-oriented clinical care and policy decision-making. This article briefly outlines the background of PHI, its relevance to perioperative care, and conceives intersections with PHI that could evolve over the next quarter century.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Informática Médica , Humanos , Pandemias , Informática em Saúde Pública , Informática , Anestesiologistas
9.
Comput Biol Chem ; 109: 108012, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38198963

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The healthy as well as dysbiotic state of an ecosystem like human body is known to be influenced not only by the presence of the bacterial groups in it, but also with respect to the associations within themselves. Evidence reported in biomedical text serves as a reliable source for identifying and ascertaining such inter bacterial associations. However, the complexity of the reported text as well as the ever-increasing volume of information necessitates development of methods for automated and accurate extraction of such knowledge. METHODS: A BioBERT (biomedical domain specific language model) based information extraction model for bacterial associations is presented that utilizes learning patterns from other publicly available datasets. Additionally, a specialized sentence corpus has been developed to significantly improve the prediction accuracy of the 'transfer learned' model using a fine-tuning approach. RESULTS: The final model was seen to outperform all other variations (non-transfer learned and non-fine-tuned models) as well as models trained on BioGPT (a domain trained Generative Pre-trained Transformer). To further demonstrate the utility, a case study was performed using bacterial association network data obtained from experimental studies. CONCLUSION: This study attempts to demonstrate the applicability of transfer learning in a niche field of life sciences where understanding of inter bacterial relationships is crucial to obtain meaningful insights in comprehending microbial community structures across different ecosystems. The study further discusses how such a model can be further improved by fine tuning using limited training data. The results presented and the datasets made available are expected to be a valuable addition in the field of medical informatics and bioinformatics.


Assuntos
Aprendizado Profundo , Informática Médica , Humanos , Ecossistema , Biologia Computacional , Processamento de Linguagem Natural
10.
Appl Clin Inform ; 15(1): 155-163, 2024 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38171383

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In 2011, the American Board of Medical Specialties established clinical informatics (CI) as a subspecialty in medicine, jointly administered by the American Board of Pathology and the American Board of Preventive Medicine. Subsequently, many institutions created CI fellowship training programs to meet the growing need for informaticists. Although many programs share similar features, there is considerable variation in program funding and administrative structures. OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to characterize CI fellowship program features, including governance structures, funding sources, and expenses. METHODS: We created a cross-sectional online REDCap survey with 44 items requesting information on program administration, fellows, administrative support, funding sources, and expenses. We surveyed program directors of programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education between 2014 and 2021. RESULTS: We invited 54 program directors, of which 41 (76%) completed the survey. The average administrative support received was $27,732/year. Most programs (85.4%) were accredited to have two or more fellows per year. Programs were administratively housed under six departments: Internal Medicine (17; 41.5%), Pediatrics (7; 17.1%), Pathology (6; 14.6%), Family Medicine (6; 14.6%), Emergency Medicine (4; 9.8%), and Anesthesiology (1; 2.4%). Funding sources for CI fellowship program directors included: hospital or health systems (28.3%), clinical departments (28.3%), graduate medical education office (13.2%), biomedical informatics department (9.4%), hospital information technology (9.4%), research and grants (7.5%), and other sources (3.8%) that included philanthropy and external entities. CONCLUSION: CI fellowships have been established in leading academic and community health care systems across the country. Due to their unique training requirements, these programs require significant resources for education, administration, and recruitment. There continues to be considerable heterogeneity in funding models between programs. Our survey findings reinforce the need for reformed federal funding models for informatics practice and training.


Assuntos
Anestesiologia , Informática Médica , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Criança , Bolsas de Estudo , Estudos Transversais , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina , Inquéritos e Questionários
11.
J Dent Educ ; 88(2): 123-124, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38229463
12.
J Am Med Inform Assoc ; 31(3): 583-590, 2024 Feb 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38175665

RESUMO

IMPORTANCE: The Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) is the largest distributed data network in the world encompassing more than 331 data sources with 2.1 billion patient records across 34 countries. It enables large-scale observational research through standardizing the data into a common data model (CDM) (Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership [OMOP] CDM) and requires a comprehensive, efficient, and reliable ontology system to support data harmonization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We created the OHDSI Standardized Vocabularies-a common reference ontology mandatory to all data sites in the network. It comprises imported and de novo-generated ontologies containing concepts and relationships between them, and the praxis of converting the source data to the OMOP CDM based on these. It enables harmonization through assigned domains according to clinical categories, comprehensive coverage of entities within each domain, support for commonly used international coding schemes, and standardization of semantically equivalent concepts. RESULTS: The OHDSI Standardized Vocabularies comprise over 10 million concepts from 136 vocabularies. They are used by hundreds of groups and several large data networks. More than 8600 users have performed 50 000 downloads of the system. This open-source resource has proven to address an impediment of large-scale observational research-the dependence on the context of source data representation. With that, it has enabled efficient phenotyping, covariate construction, patient-level prediction, population-level estimation, and standard reporting. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: OHDSI has made available a comprehensive, open vocabulary system that is unmatched in its ability to support global observational research. We encourage researchers to exploit it and contribute their use cases to this dynamic resource.


Assuntos
Ciência de Dados , Informática Médica , Humanos , Vocabulário , Bases de Dados Factuais , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde
13.
MedEdPORTAL ; 20: 11379, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38196824

RESUMO

Introduction: Clinical informatics is an important component of the AMA-endorsed third pillar of undergraduate medical education, health systems science. Discrete educational opportunities for clinical informatics and health systems science among early learners are lacking in medical school curricula. Methods: We developed and evaluated a multistep, 2.5-hour activity during the gastroenterology module to introduce these topics to preclerkship medical students. A didactic session introducing clinical informatics and clinical decision support and reviewing health promotion and screening concepts was followed by small-group activities. Students worked through a series of exercises culminating in the generation of a clinical decision support tool based on the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) colorectal cancer screening recommendations. Results: Between 2022 and 2023, 326 first-year medical students participated in this workshop. Feedback was predictably mixed. In 2022, 88% of postclass survey respondents confirmed having a better clinical informatics understanding after the workshop. In 2023, students reported a statistically significant increase in their self-reported understanding of the role of clinical informatics, clinical decision support, and USPSTF colorectal cancer recommendations. Discussion: Clinical decision support is a viable pathway for introduction of clinical informatics, health systems science, and public health/prevention topics. Our educational approach offers an interactive introduction to this group of topics that can benefit future physicians. While colon cancer provides a robust option for the clinical situation, this activity could be modified to fit into many different clinical scenarios, allowing for interdisciplinary education during either undergraduate or graduate medical education.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Informática Médica , Humanos , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Estudantes , Currículo , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico
14.
Am J Manag Care ; 30(1): e26-e31, 2024 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38271571

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To understand the role of health information technology (IT) vendors and health IT functionality in supporting advanced primary care. STUDY DESIGN: We synthesized multiple rounds of surveys and interviews (2017-2022) from a mixed-methods evaluation of Comprehensive Primary Care Plus (CPC+), a multipayer model developed by CMS. CPC+ was the first federal advanced primary care reform effort that formalized health IT vendors' roles in supporting health IT implementation and specified detailed health IT requirements for practices. METHODS: We conducted content analysis to identify cross-cutting themes related to health IT for both practices and vendors, comparing similarities and differences across participants and (when possible) over time. RESULTS: Vendors and practices reported advances in registries and dashboards for improved information management within the practice as well as strengthened relationships between vendors and practices that supported health IT implementation. However, CPC+ practices noted several gaps or challenges using existing functionalities, and both vendors and practices reported broader challenges for more transformative health IT change, particularly the lack of interoperable health information exchange needed to support care management and care coordination. Key factors constraining vendors' investment in further advances included long product development schedules, making it difficult to respond to rapidly evolving model requirements. Vendors also shared that CPC+ practices represented a small fraction of their client base, so investing in developing new functionality was not strategic unless it was more broadly relevant outside CPC+. CONCLUSIONS: Continued collaboration among health IT vendors, practices, policy makers, and payers could support continued technological improvements, particularly related to information exchange and communication. Aligning requirements more closely with other federal and private models could also help mitigate the risk for vendors.


Assuntos
Informática Médica , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Humanos , Assistência Integral à Saúde , Comércio , Tecnologia Biomédica
15.
Stud Health Technol Inform ; 310: 199-203, 2024 Jan 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38269793

RESUMO

Dermatology is one of the medical fields outside the radiology service that uses image acquisition and analysis in its daily medical practice, mostly through digital dermoscopy imaging modality. The acquisition, transfer, and storage of dermatology images has become an important issue to resolve. We aimed to describe our experience in integrating dermoscopic images into PACS using DICOM as a guide for the health informatics and dermatology community. During 2022 we integrated the video dermoscopy equipment through a strategic plan with an 8-step procedure. We used the DICOM standard with Modality Worklist and Storage commitment. Three systems were involved (video dermoscopy software, the EHR, and PACS). We identified critical steps and faced many challenges, such as the lack of a final model of DICOM standard for dermatology images.


Assuntos
Informática Médica , Software
16.
Stud Health Technol Inform ; 310: 289-293, 2024 Jan 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38269811

RESUMO

We analyzed PubMed citations since 1988 to explore the dissemination of medical/health informatics concepts between countries and across medical domains. We extracted countries from the PubMed author affiliation field to identify and analyze the top 10 informatics publishing countries. We found that the informatics publications are becoming more similar over time and that the rate of exchange across countries has increased with the introduction of e-publishing. Nonetheless, with the exception of machine learning, the impact of core informatics concepts on mainstream medicine and radiology publications remains small.


Assuntos
Informática Médica , Radiologia , Aprendizado de Máquina , Inclusão Escolar , PubMed
17.
Stud Health Technol Inform ; 310: 599-603, 2024 Jan 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38269879

RESUMO

We here report on one of the outcomes of a large-scale German research program, the Medical Informatics Initiative (MII), aiming at the development of a solid data and software infrastructure for German-language clinical natural language processing. Within this framework, we have developed 3000PA, a national clinical reference corpus composed of patient records from three clinical university sites and annotated with a multitude of semantic annotation layers (including medical named entities, semantic and temporal relations between entities, as well as certainty and negation information related to entities and relations). This non-sharable corpus has been complemented by three sharable ones (JSYNCC, GGPONC, and GRASCCO). Overall, 3000PA, JSYNCC and GRASCCO feature about 2.1 million metadata points.


Assuntos
Idioma , Informática Médica , Humanos , Semântica , Metadados , Processamento de Linguagem Natural
18.
Stud Health Technol Inform ; 310: 730-734, 2024 Jan 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38269905

RESUMO

The utilization of vast amounts of EHR data is crucial to the studies in medical informatics. Physicians are medical participants who directly record clinical data into EHR with their personal expertise, making their roles essential in follow-up data utilization, which current studies have yet to recognize. This paper proposes a physician-centered perspective for EHR data utilization and emphasizes the feasibility and potentiality of digging into physicians' latent decision patterns in EHR. To support our proposal, we design a physician-centered CDS approach named PhyC and test it on a real-world EHR dataset. Experiments show that PhyC performs significantly better in the auxiliary diagnosis of multiple diseases than globally learned models. Discussions on experimental results suggest that physician-centered data utilization can help to derive more objective CDS models, while more means for utilization need further exploration.


Assuntos
Informática Médica , Médicos , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Aprendizagem
19.
Stud Health Technol Inform ; 310: 735-739, 2024 Jan 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38269906

RESUMO

High-resolution whole slide image scans of histopathology slides have been widely used in recent years for prediction in cancer. However, in some cases, clinical informatics practitioners may only have access to low-resolution snapshots of histopathology slides, not high-resolution scans. We evaluated strategies for training neural network prognostic models in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on low-resolution snapshots, using data from the Veterans Affairs Precision Oncology Data Repository. We compared strategies without transfer learning, with transfer learning from general domain images, and with transfer learning from publicly available high-resolution histopathology scans. We found transfer learning from high-resolution scans achieved significantly better performance than other strategies. Our contribution provides a foundation for future development of prognostic models in NSCLC that incorporate data from low-resolution pathology slide snapshots alongside known clinical predictors.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Informática Médica , Humanos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Medicina de Precisão , Aprendizado de Máquina
20.
Stud Health Technol Inform ; 310: 1171-1175, 2024 Jan 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38269999

RESUMO

The aim of this European interprofessional Health Informatics (HI) Summer School was (i) to make advanced healthcare students familiar with what HI can offer in terms of knowledge development for patient care and (ii) to give them an idea about the underlying technical and legal mechanisms. According to the students' evaluation, interprofessional education was very well received, problem-based learning focussing on cases was rated positively and the learning goals were met. However, it was criticised that the online material provided was rather detailed and comprehensive and could have been a bit overcharging for beginners. These drawbacks were obviously compensated by the positive experience of working in international and interprofessional groups and a generally welcoming environment.


Assuntos
Informática Médica , Instituições Acadêmicas , Humanos , Instalações de Saúde , Conhecimento , Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas
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