Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 1.428
Filtrar
1.
Nutrition ; 119: 112307, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38218049

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Adolescents go through rapid development and increased nutritional requirements that can put them at higher risk of undernutrition--a problem that can be highest among orphaned or street children. Evidence on nutritional risk and its contributing factors among this segment is lacking in the city of Dire Dawa, where many children are on the streets with limited access to proper care. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of undernutrition among street adolescents in Ethiopia. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 358 street adolescents 12 to 19 y of age in Dire Dawa from January to February 2022. After conducting a preliminary survey and registering all available street children, a complete enumeration was made. For data collection, an interviewer-administered questionnaire was used along with anthropometric measurements using standard procedures. Height-for-age (HAZ) and body mass index (BMI) for age z scores were computed using World Health Organization (WHO) Anthroplus and statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 26. Independent variables with P < 0.25 in bivariable analysis were included in multivariable logistic regression, and variables with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. A crude and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported. RESULTS: Among 358 street adolescents, 44% (38.9-49.5) and 56% (50.8-61.4) were thin and stunted, respectively. Thinness among street children could be associated with a longer stay on the street (AOR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.40-1.90), infrequent meal frequency (AOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.19-1.45), unprotected drinking water sources (AOR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.40-1.71), alcohol drinking (AOR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.51-4.32), inadequately diversified diet (AOR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06-1.36), and illness history (AOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.21-1.47). Moreover, odds of stunting were significantly associated with staying on the street (AOR, 1.32; 1.10-1.54), unsafe drinking water (AOR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.13-2.66), smoking cigarettes (AOR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.21-2.52), dietary diversity (AOR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.43-3.82), and acute illness (AOR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.31-5.23). CONCLUSION: Thinness and stunting were prevalent among street children and are associated with infrequent meals, poor dietary diversity, substance abuse, unsafe water sources, and illness histories that could be targeted for multisectoral interventions.


Assuntos
Água Potável , Jovens em Situação de Rua , Desnutrição , Criança , Humanos , Adolescente , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Magreza/epidemiologia , Magreza/etiologia , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Crescimento , Prevalência
3.
Int J STD AIDS ; 35(2): 112-121, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37768298

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Street children's level of knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV-related diseases remains a challenge since it is difficult to reach all key populations. This study aims to provide an overview of the findings of STI cases and their association with the KAP of street children in Jakarta and Banten. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 259 male street children (aged 10 -21 years old). We collected the data through questionnaire interviews, history taking, physical examination, and specimen collection for STI and HIV testing. RESULTS: 5.8% (n = 15) STI cases were discovered, consisting of Hepatitis B (n = 6), Hepatitis C (n = 1), HIV (n = 2), Chlamydia (n = 3), Syphilis (n = 1), and Gonorrhea (n = 1). Buskers (44.4%) and other occupations like helping parents sell their wares, parking lot attendants, shoe shiners, or gathering (44.8%) dominated the sociodemographic characteristics. Condomless sex predominated risky sexual behavior, despite some subjects already having good knowledge. CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic characteristics and the KAP of street children in Indonesia are varied. The association between the KAP level and STI cases in street children is challenging to describe. Further studies covering more areas in Indonesia are required.


Assuntos
Infecções por Chlamydia , Gonorreia , Infecções por HIV , Jovens em Situação de Rua , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Criança , Masculino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Prevalência , Indonésia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/diagnóstico , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Comportamento Sexual , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Gonorreia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/epidemiologia
4.
Br J Nutr ; 131(4): 698-706, 2024 Feb 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37737219

RESUMO

Dietary intake of long-chain n-3 PUFA (n-3 PUFA), particularly EPA and DHA, has been associated with psychological well-being, but little is known about the n-3 PUFA intake of homeless youth. The current study determined the association between depression and anxiety symptoms and n-3 PUFA intake and erythrocytes status in homeless youth. Totally, 114 homeless youth aged 18-24 years were recruited from a drop-in centre. n-3 PUFA dietary intake was assessed using an FFQ, and erythrocytes status was determined by gas chromatography (GC). Linear regression models were used to determine the relationship between psychological well-being and n-3 PUFA intake and status. The mean intakes of EPA and DHA for all participants (0·06 ± 0·13 g/d and 0·11 ± 0·24 g/d) were well below recommended levels, and mean erythrocytes EPA + DHA (n-3 index) in the cohort (2·42 %) was lower than reported for healthy, housed adolescents and those with clinical depression. There was no association of n-3 PUFA intake and erythrocytes status with either depression or anxiety. However, the relationships of depression with dietary EPA (P = 0·017) and DHA (P = 0·008), as well as erythrocytes DHA (P = 0·007) and n 3-index (P = 0·009), were significantly moderated by sex even after adjusting for confounders. Specifically, among females, as the intake and status of these n-3 PUFA decreased, depression increased. Our findings show poor dietary intake and low erythrocytes status of n-3 PUFA among homeless youth, which is associated with depressive symptoms among females.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Jovens em Situação de Rua , Feminino , Adolescente , Humanos , Saúde Mental , Bem-Estar Psicológico , Dieta , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico
5.
BMJ Paediatr Open ; 7(1)2023 12 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38142059

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Children in street situations (those who live or work on the street) are known to face barriers in accessing healthcare. METHODS: The study combined a remote survey with 33 adult non-governmental organisation (NGO) staff members, in-depth interviews with staff members of 11 NGOs and 4 formerly street-connected adult young leaders and a questionnaire with 30 street-connected children from 15 countries participating in the Street Child World Cup event in Qatar in 2022. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The participating children have strong connections with supportive organisations and do tend to seek adult assistance when they are ill or injured, refuting the assertion of adult participants and the literature that children in street situations only seek healthcare in emergencies. Some barriers that children in street situations face when seeking healthcare are likely shared by other disadvantaged groups, including the cost of care, long waiting times, the quality of public healthcare and discrimination based on socioeconomic status. Children in street situations may face further discrimination based on assumptions about their lives, their appearance or hygiene levels. Identity documents are highlighted in the literature as a major barrier but seemed less important to the participants. Both adult and child participants emphasised the need for an accompanying adult to find appropriate services and be treated. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the important work of organisations supporting street-connected children to access healthcare both during and after their time working or living on the street. It concludes that while some of the barriers to accessing healthcare that children in street situations face are not specific to this group, the absence of an adult caregiver differentiates many street-connected children from other disadvantaged groups. This also signals differences among children in street situations, with those with connections to family or organisations having more support.


Assuntos
Jovens em Situação de Rua , Criança , Adulto , Humanos , Classe Social , Populações Vulneráveis , Atenção à Saúde , Catar
6.
Pan Afr Med J ; 46: 36, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38145200

RESUMO

Street children are particularly susceptible to health-related adversities, including those resulting from substance abuse and child abuse. Information on street children is deficient in Sudan. This study provides basic data on characteristics, factors for leaving home, the pattern of child abuse and substance misuse among street children in Khartoum State, Sudan. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and community-based study. Data were collected through direct questioning of a sample of street children using a structured, standardized, and pretested interview-administered questionnaire. Two hundred and seventy-five (275) street children were interviewed. Most street children were males (83%). Of the interviewed children, 36.7% were illiterate, 66.1% had a single parent, and 36% did not recognize a home to return to. The commonest reported reasons for being on the streets were family conflicts and financial/economic difficulties (28.4 % and 27.5%), respectively. 89.1% of the children admitted to being substance abusers, mostly of glue (86.5%) and smoked tobacco (67.3%). Seventy-five-point three percent 75.3% of the children reported being subjected to a form of abuse, with physical and sexual abuse reported by 70.2% and 27%, respectively. Of the 74 children who reported sexual abuse, 49 were males (29% of males), and 25 were females (65% of females). The survey results are thought to guide further research and shape appropriate policymaking and coordinated interventions by concerned stakeholders, whether governmental or non-governmental.


Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis , Jovens em Situação de Rua , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Sudão/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia
7.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37444062

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Some LGBTQIA+ people, after coming out, experience marginalization and homelessness due to rejection and discrimination from their family and community. The increase in support requests led to the creation of LGBTQIA+ temporary shelter homes worldwide. This study aims to explore the functioning and effectiveness of shelters, analyzing the experiences of staff members in Italy. METHODS: Focus groups were held with a total of 15 staff members (age range: 32-53) working in three shelters for LGBTQIA+ people. Data were analyzed qualitatively through the grounded theory methodology. RESULTS: Data coding showed five final core categories: (1) user characteristics; (2) staff characteristics; (3) community relations; (4) activities carried out by services; (5) criteria for intervention assessment and staff satisfaction. Results revealed some criticalities in the effectiveness of these services, particularly the difficulty in achieving autonomy for users, a weakness attributable to the non-exhaustive training of staff members and the funding discontinuity. CONCLUSION: To improve the efficacy of shelters, this study emphasizes the necessity to (a) carry out an analysis of the vulnerability of the local LGBTQIA+ community, (b) establish a stable network with local services (NHS system), and (c) implement staff members' psychological training.


Assuntos
Jovens em Situação de Rua , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Problemas Sociais , Habitação , Itália
8.
Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med ; 15(1): e1-e10, 2023 May 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37265160

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Most street children studied in lower- and middle-income African countries are without family links. However, the majority of street children are children on the street, living with families during the night and spending their day-time on the streets. The health of this majority group is poorly captured in the literature despite the growing epidemic of child streetism. AIM: To explore the health of children on the street of Ibadan using multiple qualitative studies. SETTING: A street in each of the five urban local government areas of Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria. METHODS: Participants comprising of children on the street, parental figures, street shop owners and child-welfare officers were purposively selected and interviewed. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. RESULTS: Using triangulated data from 53 interviews, the study found that the children on the streets of Ibadan experienced many health challenges. Outstanding are poor carbohydrate-based diet, open defaecation with consequent infections, physical injuries and few deaths from road traffic accidents. Sexual, verbal and substance abuse were common although few children acquired resilience to adversity. The children had poor health-seeking behaviour and resorted to patent medicine dealers or tradomedical practitioners on the streets. CONCLUSION: This study bridged some gaps in the literature regarding the health of children on the streets in Nigeria. The straddling of children between the family and street has cumulative health consequences as depicted in this study.Contribution: This research can inform family-level intervention and primary health care plans to forestall the health challenges of children on the streets.


Assuntos
Jovens em Situação de Rua , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Atenção à Saúde , Comportamento Sexual , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Pais
9.
Am J Orthopsychiatry ; 93(4): 279-292, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37155289

RESUMO

There is a dearth of effective, evidence-based programming to support youth experiencing homelessness, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where the majority of these young people live. Programs focused on youth engagement and leadership appear to be promising means to effectively engage and promote positive outcomes in this population. By Youth for Youth (BYFY) is a peer-led youth leadership framework developed to promote youth engagement, empowerment, and skill development. To date, BYFY has been successfully implemented with promising process and outcome indicators for youth experiencing homelessness, both in Toronto and with Indigenous youth in Thunder Bay. In this article, we present the application of BYFY with 30 street-involved youth in Managua, Nicaragua. We highlight the key implementation factors leading to BYFY's success in Nicaragua as perceived by facilitators from the implementing organization, Covenant House International, and youth leaders. Using a General Inductive analysis of interview data, field notes, and artistic output generated by the project (rap video, graffiti art, street theater), we identify the processes that appeared to underlie positive outcomes observed in participants, including creating a sense of safety and providing opportunities to challenge negative self-perceptions. This article provides evidence for a scaleable model for youth engagement and empowerment that (a) is practical to implement in low-resource settings and (b) is effective at engaging street-involved youth across diverse cultures and contexts. We summarize practical implications and actionable measures that can be taken by stakeholders to capitalize on these findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Jovens em Situação de Rua , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Humanos , Adolescente , Nicarágua , Problemas Sociais , Poder Psicológico
10.
Clin Nurs Res ; 32(6): 932-946, 2023 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37157815

RESUMO

Youth impacted by homelessness experience diminished cognition due to a variety of reasons including mental health symptoms, alcohol and substance use, and adverse childhood experiences. However, the status of specific brain regions which could impact important cognitive functions in homeless youth remains unclear. In this pilot comparative and correlational study, a series of demographic, psychological, cognitive assessments, and brain magnetic resonance imaging were performed in 10 male youth experiencing homelessness and 9 age-matched healthy male controls (age range: 18-25 years). Participants experiencing homelessness had significantly decreased regional brain gray matter tissue in comparison to the controls. Moreover, there were strong inverse correlations between the brain regions classically associated with executive decision-making (prefrontal cortices), depression (insular lobes), and conflict resolution (anterior cingulate), and the level of the symptoms detected by their questionnaires.


Assuntos
Jovens em Situação de Rua , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Jovens em Situação de Rua/psicologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Saúde Mental , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/patologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Cognição
11.
BMC Public Health ; 23(1): 989, 2023 05 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37245021

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Lack of nutritional knowledge and ineffective attitudes can complicate the problems faced by this group of street children and have significant effects on their behaviors. This study aimed to examine the effect of nutrition education on nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of street children in Kerman in 2021. METHODS: This experimental study was conducted on 70 street children supported by Aftab Children Support Center in Kerman in 2021. The participants were selected using convenience sampling and were divided into two intervention and control groups using a random number table. A nutrition distance education program was implemented using an educational compact disk (CD) for the participants in the intervention group, while the children in the control group did not receive any training. The children's nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors were assessed before and one month after the intervention using the Nutritional Behavior Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 22) using the chi-square test, paired and independent samples t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). RESULTS: The results revealed a significant difference in nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors after the intervention (p < 0.001) due to the effect of the nutrition training program. Accordingly, the mean scores of the participants in the intervention group for nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors increased by 11.45, 14.80, and 6.05 units after the intervention compared to their scores before the intervention. Furthermore, the effects of the training program on the participants' nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors were 89.6%, 91.5%, and 64.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study concluded that training based on nutrition education improved the children's nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Thus, the officials in charge of promoting the health of vulnerable groups in the community need to provide the necessary facilities to implement effective training programs for street children and encourage them to participate in training programs.


Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Jovens em Situação de Rua , Criança , Humanos , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Escolaridade , Educação em Saúde/métodos
12.
Front Public Health ; 11: 1089499, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37089490

RESUMO

Introduction: A "risky sexual practice" is any sexual act that might put an individual's social, physical, and psychological health at risk and increase the likelihood of adverse sexual and reproductive health consequences. Street children have risky sexual practices, which place them at all kinds of health risks. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess risky sexual practices and associated factors among street children in Wonago Town, southern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed. About 214 street children, aged 10-18, residing in Wonago Town from September 1-30, 2021, participated in the study. Data was gathered from all of the street children in Wonago town. A pre-tested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Epi data software was used to enter the collected data, which was then exported to SPSS for analysis. A logistic regression model was applied to identify the associated factors. A p value <0.05 was used to declare the significant variables. Results: A total of 214 street children were involved in the study. Overall, the magnitude of risky sexual practices was 43.46 percent (95% CI: 38.3-48.62). About 52.7% of participants had ever had sexual intercourse in the last year, and of them, around 43.5% had more than one sexual partner. Among sexually active street children, 40.9% never used a condom during sexual intercourse. Age (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR): 1.42, 95%CI: 1.03-2.37), educational status (AOR: 5.73, 95%CI: 1.49-10.51), substance use (AOR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.03-2.07), duration on the street (AOR: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.03-4.12), and daily income (AOR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.32-0.98) were found to be significantly associated with risky sexual practices. Conclusion: Risky sexual practices among street children were more prevalent in Wonago Town, Southern Ethiopia. Children's age, educational status, daily income, duration on the street, and status of substance use were the factors that contributed to risky sexual practices. As a result, conducting information and education campaigns, developing income-generating activities for children, increasing children's school enrollment and attendance, improving access to sexual and reproductive health services, and providing capacity-building training for health care providers may all help to reduce risky sexual practices.


Assuntos
Jovens em Situação de Rua , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Criança , Humanos , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Comportamento Sexual
13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37047887

RESUMO

Street children are among the most marginalized children, globally, who experience severe violations of their rights and face multiple deprivations. This study aimed to describe street children's characteristics and working conditions in Iran. METHOD: This cross-sectional rapid survey was conducted from March to May 2017 in six major cities in Iran. The sample group consisted of Iranian and non-Iranian girls and boys, aged 10 to 18, who worked on the streets for at least one month prior to the survey. Time-location based sampling was used. A total of 856 Children were randomly selected from 464 venues, including corners of streets, parks, metro gates, bus stations, shopping malls, and shopping centers frequented by street children. RESULTS: Findings showed that 90% of participants were boys, 60% were between 10 and 14 years old, almost 50% attended school, 12% were illiterate, and 32% had quit school. Children of Afghan nationality comprised 54% of the study participants, and the rest were Iranian. Of all participants, 85% resided with family or relatives. Most children (75.5%) worked more than 5 h daily, and vending (71.2%) and waste picking (16.1%) were common activities. Street children suffered, mainly, from harsh weather (22.7%), insults and beatings of everyday people (21%), starvation (20.7%), and police repression (15.4%). More than half of the study participants were not involved in intervention programs, and just 7% of them had attended any health education programs. CONCLUSION: Street children reported little to no service use, which may contribute to poor health. Street children require immediate attention to improve their wellbeing. Decision-makers and academicians should collaborate on intervention development research to design appropriate health and social interventions targeted at street children.


Assuntos
Jovens em Situação de Rua , Masculino , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Cidades , Estudos Transversais , Condições de Trabalho , Instituições Acadêmicas
14.
Subst Use Misuse ; 58(6): 746-764, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36924274

RESUMO

Background: Globally, street-involved children and youth (SICY) who work and live on/of the streets are at higher risk of increased psychoactive substances and injecting drug use. Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the prevalence, distribution, sociodemographic factors, and risk-taking behaviors associated with psychoactive substances and injecting drug use among SICY. Methods: Studies in English published from December 1 1985 to July 1 2022, were searched for on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science to identify primary studies on psychoactive substances and injecting drug use among SICY. The pooled-prevalence estimates were obtained using a robust fixed-effects model. Results: The most commonly reported life-time and current psychoactive substance was tobacco followed by cannabis, LSD/ecstasy, cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin and injection drug use. The results showed that life-time and current prevalence of methamphetamine and cannabis use, as well as life-time prevalence of cocaine, LSD/ecstasy, heroin, tobacco, and injecting drug use increased as age rose while current prevalence of cocaine and tobacco use decreased as age rose. SICY who were male, homeless, had parents who had died, had history of substance use among family members or best friends, had experienced violence, had casual sex partners, had a history of working in the sex trade, and had unprotected sex were all related to psychoactive substance use and injecting drug use. Conclusions: Research examining this population suffers from lack of studies, therefore, improving the knowledge for interventions aimed at reducing risk behaviors, particularly those related to the transmission of sexually transmitted infections such as HIV is of great importance.


Assuntos
Cocaína , Jovens em Situação de Rua , Metanfetamina , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Heroína , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia
15.
J Prev (2022) ; 44(3): 359-371, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36929457

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) benefit from a variety of services to meet their immediate and long-term needs. Drop-in centers are a popular service venue used by YEH. However, the mechanisms responsible for engaging youth in drop-in services are not clear. The current study uses longitudinal data to explore the role of positive staff relationships in increasing youths' knowledge and efficacy to access and subsequently use drop-in center services. METHODS: 731 youth (Mage = 21.8, SD = 2.2, 25.1% female) accessing services at three drop-in centers in Los Angeles, California participated in the study. Surveys were completed at baseline, 1-month, and 3-months later. Path models examined the direct effect of positive relationships with adult staff on service use at the 3-month follow-up, and the indirect effect of service knowledge (assessed at the 1-month follow-up). RESULTS: The direct effect model showed that positive staff relationships at baseline were significantly associated with number of services used at the 3-month follow-up (aIRR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.54). Positive staff relationships were also associated with greater service knowledge at 1-month (b = 0.93, p < 0.001), which in turn was associated with greater service use at 3-months (IRR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.28). The indirect effect of service knowledge was significant (b = 0.13, p = 0.02), suggesting that the association between positive staff relationships and service use was completely mediated by service knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: The current study adds to the literature by demonstrating that positive relationships with staff lead to increased service use by increasing youths' knowledge and efficacy to access services. Efforts should be made to develop positive relationships with YEH in order to engage them in essential services needed to exit homelessness.


Assuntos
Jovens em Situação de Rua , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Adulto , Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Problemas Sociais , Los Angeles
16.
BMC Public Health ; 23(1): 492, 2023 03 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36918855

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Inequalities in access to and utilization of maternal and child health (MCH) care are hampering progress on the path to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. In a number of Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) population subgroups at disproportionate risk of being left behind are the urban poor. Within this neglected group is the further neglected group of the homeless. Concomitantly, a number of interventions from the antenatal period onward have been piloted, tested, and scaled in these contexts. We carried out an overview of systematic reviews (SRs) to characterize the evidence around maternal and child health interventions relevant to urban poor homeless populations in LMICs. METHODS: We searched Medline, Cochrane Library, Health Systems Evidence and EBSCOhost databases for SRs published between January 2009 and 2020 (with an updated search through November 2021). Our population of interest was women or children from urban poor settings in LMICs; interventions and outcomes corresponded with the World Health Organization's (WHO) guidance document. Each SR was assessed by two reviewers using established standard critical appraisal checklists. The overview was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021229107). RESULTS: In a sample of 33 high quality SRs, we found no direct relevant evidence for pregnant and lactating homeless women (and children) in the reviewed literature. There was a lack of emphasis on evidence related to family planning, safe abortion care, and postpartum care of mothers. There was mixed quality evidence that the range of nutritional interventions had little, unclear or no effect on several child mortality and development outcomes. Interventions related to water, sanitation, and hygiene, ensuring acceptability of community health services and health promotion type programs could be regarded as beneficial, although location seemed to matter. Importantly, the risk of bias reporting in different reviews did not match, suggesting that greater attention to rigour in their conduct is needed. CONCLUSION: The generalizability of existing systematic reviews to our population of interest was poor. There is a clear need for rigorous primary research on MCH interventions among urban poor, and particularly homeless populations in LMICs, as it is as yet unclear whether the same, augmented, or altogether different interventions would be required.


Assuntos
Saúde da Criança , Atenção à Saúde , Países em Desenvolvimento , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Saúde Materna , Pobreza , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Saúde da Criança/economia , Saúde da Criança/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção à Saúde/economia , Atenção à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Países em Desenvolvimento/economia , Países em Desenvolvimento/estatística & dados numéricos , Lactação , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Saúde Materna/economia , Saúde Materna/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoas Mal Alojadas/estatística & dados numéricos , Jovens em Situação de Rua/estatística & dados numéricos , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Pobreza Infantil/economia , Pobreza Infantil/estatística & dados numéricos , Pobreza/economia , Pobreza/estatística & dados numéricos , Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde/economia , Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos
18.
Public Health Nurs ; 40(4): 543-549, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36880176

RESUMO

Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) often face increased levels of adversity and higher rates of trauma, suicide, and mortality compared to their housed peers. A multi-level life course lens is proposed by applying the ecobiodevelopmental model to examine social support mechanisms as a buffer to psychopathologies following adversity within YEH. Further discussion contributes to the theoretical basis for future public health research and intervention work addressing youth homelessness and related adversities.


Assuntos
Jovens em Situação de Rua , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Suicídio , Humanos , Adolescente , Apoio Social , Habitação
19.
Infection ; 51(5): 1399-1406, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36805439

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Parasitic infections are highly prevalent in low-income environments worldwide. While orphans and street children represent a particularly vulnerable population group, they are often exempt from preventive interventions such as Mass Drug Administration. In part, this could be due to a lack of data showing the burden of disease in this group. This study aims to address this gap. METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, 144 orphans and 112 street children were screened for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni), Schistosoma haematobium (S. haematobium), soil-transmitted helminths and intestinal protozoa using POC-CCA testing, urine filtration, and Kato-Katz technique. Nutritional status, water- and washing patterns were determined using a standardised questionnaire. Ultrasonography was performed to screen for organ abnormalities. RESULTS: The prevalence of S. mansoni determined by POC-CCA-test was 65.9% for orphans and 94.5% for street children. 19.2% of the orphans tested positive for S. mansoni in Kato Katz. Of the street children, 77.1% showed positive test results in Kato-Katz. Only 1.3% of the orphans stated in the questionnaire that they use the lake to wash, whereas 91.1% of the street children named the lake as at least one of their options for washing. Microscopy showed positive results for Giardia intestinalis (G. intestinalis) in 8.2% and for Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (E. histolytica/dispar) in 23% of orphans and 8.1% for G. intestinalis, and 23.8% for E. histolytica/dispar in street children. In the ultrasonography, we did not observe patterns that indicate severe periportal fibrosis. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a significantly higher rate of infections with S. mansoni in street children compared with orphans. This might be explained by the lack of access to adequate sanitation for street children as well as regular contact with the water of Lake Victoria. However, we did not find similar results concerning infection rates with protozoa. The study results show overall inadequate living conditions in this study population, which could be addressed by public health interventions.


Assuntos
Helmintos , Jovens em Situação de Rua , Esquistossomose mansoni , Criança , Animais , Humanos , Schistosoma mansoni , Prevalência , Solo/parasitologia , Tanzânia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Fezes/parasitologia , Água , Esquistossomose mansoni/epidemiologia
20.
Int J Adolesc Med Health ; 35(2): 203-208, 2023 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36719171

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The inability to adapt to difficult and stressful situations in the environment leads to low resilience ability in street children. Knowing the influencing factors is important to help them achieve optimal resilience. This study aims to analyze the relationship between factors related to street children's resilience. METHODS: This study used a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population was street children in two halfway-home in Surabaya (Kampung Anak Negeri and Sanggar Alang-Alang). The sample was 129 respondents obtained using simple random sampling. The independent variables were unpleasant past experience, antisocial behavior, level of depression, age, sex, length of time being street children and positive support. The dependent variable was resilience. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed by Spearman Rho-test with p<0.05. RESULTS: The result showed, that unpleasant past experiences (p=0.00 and r= -0.313), level of depression (p=0.00 and r= -0.279) and positive support have an association with resilience (p=0.000 and r=0.331). The lowest unpleasant past experiences and depression levels and the higher positive support will make higher resiliency in street children. CONCLUSIONS: This study has explained the unpleasant past experiences and depression levels as risk factors and the positive support as a supportive factor for street children's resilience.


Assuntos
Jovens em Situação de Rua , Criança , Humanos , Indonésia/epidemiologia
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...