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1.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0296884, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38427639

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Modern patient care depends on the continuous improvement of community and clinical pharmacy services, and artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to play a key role in this evolution. Although AI has been increasingly implemented in various fields of pharmacy, little is known about the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of pharmacy students and faculty members towards this technology. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the KAP of pharmacy students and faculty members regarding AI in six countries in the Middle East as well as to identify the predictive factors behind the understanding of the principles and practical applications of AI in healthcare processes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. A total of 875 pharmacy students and faculty members in the faculty of pharmacy in Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Libya participated in the study. Data was collected through an online electronic questionnaire. The data collected included information about socio-demographics, understanding of AI basic principles, participants' attitudes toward AI, the participants' AI practices. RESULTS: Most participants (92.6%) reported having heard of AI technology in their practice, but only a small proportion (39.5%) had a good understanding of its concepts. The overall level of knowledge about AI among the study participants was moderate, with the mean knowledge score being 42.3 ± 21.8 out of 100 and students having a significantly higher knowledge score than faculty members. The attitude towards AI among pharmacy students and faculty members was positive, but there were still concerns about the impact of AI on job security and patient safety. Pharmacy students and faculty members had limited experience using AI tools in their practice. The majority of respondents (96.2%) believed that AI could improve patient care and pharmacy services. However, only a minority (18.6%) reported having received education or training on AI technology. High income, a strong educational level and background, and previous experience with technologies were predictors of KAP toward using AI in pharmacy practice. Finally, there was a positive correlation between knowledge about AI and attitudes towards AI as well as a significant positive correlation between AI knowledge and overall KAP scores. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that while there is a growing awareness of AI technology among pharmacy professionals in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, there are still significant gaps in understanding and adopting AI in pharmacy Practice.


Assuntos
Assistência Farmacêutica , Farmácia , Estudantes de Farmácia , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Inteligência Artificial , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Docentes , Líbano
2.
Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med ; 16(1): e1-e8, 2024 Feb 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38426778

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Irrational medicine use is a global problem that may potentiate antimicrobial resistance. AIM: This study aims to assess prescribing practices and the effect of a prescription audit and feedback coupled with small-group education intervention on prescribing indicators. SETTING: The study was conducted in public-sector healthcare facilities in Eswatini. METHODS: A cluster quasi-randomised controlled study was conducted from 2016 to 2019 using the World Health Organization/ International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) prescribing indicators at baseline, post-intervention and post-follow-up. A 6-month unblinded intervention was tested in 32 healthcare facilities, randomly allocated to intervention (16) and control (16) arms. Prescribing practices were assessed post-intervention, and 6 months after the intervention, through an audit of 100 randomly selected prescriptions from each facility. Comparisons of WHO or INRUD prescribing indicators were conducted using the intention-to-treat analysis at the two times. RESULTS: At baseline, in both arms, rational prescribing standards were met by the number of medicines per prescription and the use of injections. Antibiotic use was above 50% in both arms. After adjustment for baseline antibiotics use, region and level of care, there were no significant differences in all prescribing indicators between the two arms, post-intervention and at 6 months follow-up. CONCLUSION: In a lower middle-income setting with a high prevalence of irrational prescribing practices, a prescription audit, feedback and small-group education intervention had no benefits in improving rational prescribing.Contribution: Multifaceted strategies, strengthening of pharmacy and therapeutics committees, and holistic monitoring of medicine use are recommended to promote rational medicine use.


Assuntos
Assistência Farmacêutica , Farmácias , Humanos , Padrões de Prática Médica , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Organização Mundial da Saúde
3.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1339504, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38444434

RESUMO

Purpose: The Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) or Diagnosis-Intervention Packet (DIP) payment system, now introduced in China, intends to streamline healthcare billing practices. However, its implications for clinical pharmacists, pivotal stakeholders in the healthcare system, remain inadequately explored. This study sought to assess the perceptions, challenges, and roles of clinical pharmacists in China following the introduction of the DRG or DIP payment system. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted among a sample of clinical pharmacists. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted, either online or face to face. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key insights and concerns related to their professional landscape under the DRG or DIP system. Results: Clinical pharmacists exhibited variable awareness levels about the DRG or DIP system. Their roles have undergone shifts, creating a balance between traditional responsibilities and new obligations dictated by the DRG or DIP system. Professional development, particularly concerning health economics and DRG-based or DIP-based patient care, was highlighted as a key need. There were calls for policy support at both healthcare and national levels and a revised, holistic performance assessment system. The demand for more resources, be it in training platforms or personnel, was a recurrent theme. Conclusion: The DRG or DIP system's introduction in China poses both opportunities and challenges for clinical pharmacists. Addressing awareness gaps, offering robust policy support, ensuring adequate resource allocation, and recognizing the evolving role of pharmacists are crucial for harmoniously integrating the DRG or DIP system into the Chinese healthcare paradigm.


Assuntos
Assistência Farmacêutica , Farmacêuticos , Humanos , Hospitais , China , Grupos Diagnósticos Relacionados , Pesquisa Qualitativa
4.
Rural Remote Health ; 24(1): 8687, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38494593

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Pharmacists serve an important role in rural communities, and in some cases they may be the only health professional available. Their recruitment and retention is a major concern for rural communities and health services; however, a deeper understanding regarding the advantages and challenges of sustaining a rural pharmacy workforce is somewhat limited. The aim of this study was to develop a deeper understanding of pharmacists' perspectives about factors influencing pharmacist recruitment and retention to rural and remote communities. METHODS: The exploratory study, carried out in rural Tasmania and rural Western Victoria, used a qualitative descriptive design. Structured interviews, lasting between 30-60 minutes, were conducted by a single researcher using the Pharmacist Community Apgar Questionnaire via face-to-face, telephone or videoconferencing technology. Data were analysed thematically using verbatim transcription, extraction of significant statements and identification of similarities in formulated meanings, grouping the similar meanings and significant statements that pertained to the phenomena of interest. Specifically, qualitative data were used to provide a deeper understanding of factors identified as key assets, capabilities, or those most challenging for pharmacist recruitment and retention. RESULTS: The advantages and disadvantages rural communities face in recruiting and retaining pharmacists are presented. These insights are linked to the advantages of financial income, incentives and moving allowance. Further advantages include the degree of practice autonomy, breadth of tasks, the perception of the community, loyalty to the pharmacy and its pharmacists, along with community recognition. Challenges associated with the recruitment and retention of pharmacists centred on the need for spousal or partner employment opportunities, having greater proximity to schools, access to social or cultural opportunities, along with good transport connections. Further challenges included housing, the cost of schooling for children, having adequate locum or peer coverage and opportunities to host interns. DISCUSSION: The study provides a deeper exploration of the meaning and experiences of factors that previous research has shown are considered advantageous or challenging to the recruitment and retention of pharmacists in rural areas. Through the voices of pharmacists living and working in a rural area, the findings further enlighten our understanding regarding how the multifaceted and complex nature of health workforce planning may be addressed. As such, greater pharmacist recruitment and retention is enabled through adequate financial compensation and incentives, along with additional tax incentives for business and health services. Further, innovation is required to enhance economic sustainability. Locum coverage and intern opportunities also require innovative approaches to address concerns among potential candidates. Lastly, efforts to enable and support social connections such as schooling and spousal employment, while building community connection and a sense of rural community belonging, remain essential to recruit and retain pharmacists. CONCLUSION: Rural pharmacist recruitment and retention is complex, requiring a multi-pronged approach to implement practical solutions. Given this complexity and the unique features of each rural community, solutions require whole-of-community ownership to create innovative solutions. Recognition of specific advantages and challenges can address key driving factors for pharmacist recruitment and retention in rural communities.


Assuntos
Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia , Assistência Farmacêutica , Serviços de Saúde Rural , Criança , Humanos , Farmacêuticos , População Rural , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Emprego
5.
BMC Med Educ ; 24(1): 283, 2024 Mar 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38486206

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The transformation of a pharmacist's role from that of a drug dispenser to an advisor and patient educator, partially accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, requires a thorough change in the pharmacy curriculum. Preparation for the provision of modern pharmaceutical services requires the use of the most advanced teaching methods, such as pharmaceutical simulation. Knowledge alone does not guarantee students' readiness and motivation to take on new challenges in their professional work, but it seems crucial that graduates of medical faculties have the ability to practically apply their knowledge, including in new and nonstandard situations. Therefore, in our study, we proposed an intervention using a simulation method (peer role play) in teaching pharmaceutical care, and we assessed its impact on students' levels of self-perceived confidence and self-efficacy in accordance with Bandura's theory. The aim of the study was to verify whether the introduction of these types of classes could be a useful element of pharmacy curriculum renewal. METHODS: The questionnaire-based study was conducted during pharmaceutical care peer role-playing classes in a simulation environment with a debriefing session among 85 final-year pharmacy students at Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland. The questionnaire consisted of two surveys: the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and a pre-post self-assessment and self-efficacy questionnaire. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between the GSE score and self-efficacy (R = 0.52, p < 0.0001). A statistically significant increase in the post-self-assessment of all the skills and competencies included in the survey in the field of pharmaceutical care of a patient with diabetes compared to the pre-values was also observed (p < 0.001). Additionally, the students' self-efficacy in terms of communicating with patients was greater following the class than before the class (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The peer role-play active teaching method was found to be a cost-effective method allowing for an increase in the self-assessment and self-efficacy of pharmacy students in diabetic patient pharmaceutical care. However, further in-depth research is needed to fully confirm the effectiveness of simulation exercises for teaching pharmacy undergraduates.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Educação em Farmácia , Assistência Farmacêutica , Estudantes de Farmácia , Humanos , Polônia , Projetos Piloto , Pandemias , Currículo , Educação em Farmácia/métodos , Percepção
7.
J Manag Care Spec Pharm ; 30(2): 206-210, 2024 Feb 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38308624

RESUMO

Formularies are a tool for managing costs, optimizing patient access, and improving overall health outcomes. The general goal of formularies is to provide access to appropriate therapy while promoting effective resource utilization, which allows the managed care pharmacy organization to operate sustainably. Traditional formulary strategies have included open and closed formularies as well as tiered formularies. However, other formulary structures have emerged in support of the focus on product value. The formulary development process is primarily driven by the pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committee and value committee within an organization. Key considerations such as member population, regional differences, regulatory/compliance implications, and benefit design strategies may influence payers to create a customized formulary to provide additional value to their members while managing costs. With the rise of high-cost and specialty products, formularies continue to serve as an important tool for managed care pharmacy organizations. Ongoing trends, such as biosimilars, prescription digital therapeutics, and addressing health equity, will shape future strategy and management of formularies.


Assuntos
Medicamentos Biossimilares , Medicina , Assistência Farmacêutica , Humanos , Medicamentos Biossimilares/uso terapêutico , Comitê de Farmácia e Terapêutica , Cooperação do Paciente
8.
J Manag Care Spec Pharm ; 30(2): 175-182, 2024 Feb 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38308629

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: By the end of 2023, 10 self-administered biosimilars indicated for autoimmune conditions are expected to launch in the United States, resulting in alternative treatment options for patients and a potential for cost savings. However, studies about perception and knowledge of self-administered biosimilars among health system prescribers and health system specialty pharmacists are limited. OBJECTIVE: To assesses knowledge and perceptions of biosimilars among autoimmune prescribers and health system specialty pharmacists across the United States. METHODS: An anonymous, cross-sectional self-administered online questionnaire was conducted among prescribers and health system specialty pharmacists practicing in the specialties of rheumatology, dermatology, and gastroenterology across the United States. The survey was available from January 2023 to February 2023. RESULTS: 31 prescribers and 44 pharmacists completed the questionnaire. Only 16.0% of prescribers and 13.4% of pharmacists reported being "very prepared" to have conversations with patients about biosimilar options. 43% of prescribers indicated they would prescribe a biosimilar to biologic naive patients. However, 13.3% of prescribers would be willing to prescribe a biosimilar to patients successfully established on biologic therapy. Among pharmacists, 68.1% were comfortable recommending a biosimilar substitution to a biologic naive patient, but only 18.1% would recommend a biosimilar substitution to an existing patient successfully established on a biologic therapy. Less than half of prescribers (48.0%) and pharmacists (42.0%) understood regulations of interchangeability and substitution. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights several knowledge gaps and hesitancies that exist among health system specialty prescribers and pharmacists regarding biosimilar products. Education efforts are needed to overcome the lack of biosimilar adoption, which will increase affordability of therapy for patients and health care savings.


Assuntos
Medicamentos Biossimilares , Assistência Farmacêutica , Farmácia , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Medicamentos Biossimilares/uso terapêutico , Farmacêuticos , Estudos Transversais
9.
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) ; 64(1): 1, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38309785
10.
BMJ Open ; 14(2): e074393, 2024 02 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38316585

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the uptake of services provided by community health workers who were trained as community health entrepreneurs (CHEs) for febrile illness and diarrhoea. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey among households combined with mapping of all providers of basic medicine and primary health services in the study area. PARTICIPANTS: 1265 randomly selected households in 15 rural villages with active CHEs. SETTING: Bunyangabu district, Uganda. OUTCOME MEASURES: We describe the occurrence and care sought for fever and diarrhoea in the last 3 months by age group in the households. Care provider options included: CHE, health centre or clinic (public or private), pharmacy, drug shop and other. Geographic Information Ssystem (GIS)-based geographical measures were used to map all care providers around the active CHEs. RESULTS: Fever and diarrhoea in the last 3 months occurred most frequently in children under 5; 68% and 41.9%, respectively. For those who sought care, CHE services were used for fever among children under 5, children 5-17 and adults over 18 years of age in 34.7%, 29.9% and 25.1%, respectively. For diarrhoea among children under 5, children 5-17 and adults over 18 years of age, CHE services were used in 22.1%, 19.5% and 7.0%, respectively. For those who did not seek care from a CHE (only), drug shops were most frequently used services for both fever and diarrhoea, followed by health centres or private clinics. Many households used a combination of services, which was possible given the high density and diversity of providers found in the study area. CONCLUSIONS: CHEs play a considerable role in providing care in rural areas where they are active. The high density of informal drug shops and private clinics highlights the need for clarity on the de facto roles played by different providers in both the public and private sector to improve primary healthcare.


Assuntos
Assistência Farmacêutica , População Rural , Taurina/análogos & derivados , Criança , Adulto , Humanos , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Uganda/epidemiologia , Saúde Pública , Febre/epidemiologia , Febre/terapia , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/terapia , Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária
11.
Curr Pharm Teach Learn ; 16(3): 167-173, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38331625

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Demographic and social characteristics of underrepresented groups are often poorly described in pharmacy case-based learning, leading to poor representation of these groups in the pharmacy curriculum. This research project aimed to understand the lived experience of underrepresented groups with pharmacy services and to use this to inform the development of pharmacy case-based student learning materials. METHODS: This was a single centre, grounded theory, qualitative study. Focus groups were undertaken with six underrepresented groups: Maori, Pacific, Asian, LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, asexual), disability, and refugee. These focus groups were conducted in Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand from July to August 2022. Focus group sessions were recorded and analysed to identify beliefs, ideas, and themes shared between participants and groups. FINDINGS: Participants in all focus groups had a strong desire to be seen and represented in pharmacy cases, however this was conditional on the learning being delivered in a way that upholds their beliefs, values, and voices. From these lived experiences, cultural, environmental, personal, and social factors were identified as being critical for inclusion in pharmacy case-based learning materials. CONCLUSIONS: The lived experience of underrepresented populations provides critical insights that will enhance pharmacy case-based learning. The key factors that could be included in case-based learning are: ethnicity, personal beliefs, language, disability, gender identity, sexual identity, and family. To achieve health equity and improve cultural awareness and intelligence of our future pharmacy workforce, these experiences need to become more present in curricula.


Assuntos
Assistência Farmacêutica , Farmácia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Identidade de Gênero , Povo Maori , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Povo Asiático , População das Ilhas do Pacífico , Nova Zelândia
13.
Am J Health Syst Pharm ; 81(6): 166-167, 2024 Mar 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38346102
15.
Curr Pharm Teach Learn ; 16(4): 244-254, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38423845

RESUMO

Problem description\The University of Nebraska College of Pharmacy is interested in conducting and learning from an inventory of Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI) within the college. QUALITY IMPROVEMENT METHODS: An extensive literature review was undertaken to define the terms included in JEDI and to craft a listing of ideal inventory components. RESULTS OF CQI INQUIRY: The terms used in JEDI were defined and a list of 148 ideal inventory components was created. This list is further segmented by the JEDI components themselves and by five assessment factors including: representation, curriculum & education, policies & procedures, support & resources, and college climate. INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION: The attempt to create an ideal listing of JEDI inventory components resulted in an unusably large number of potential items. This occurred intentionally to allow the next steps in the longitudinal creation of a workable, quantifiable, and evaluative JEDI inventory process. Describing these preliminary efforts are important in the ultimate acceptance of the results of the JEDI inventory. CONCLUSION: Deliberate and extensive listing of initial aspirations for a JEDI inventory of a College of Pharmacy or any institution allows for sufficient input and breadth to help assure that no significant factor is overlooked as the process is refined.


Assuntos
Assistência Farmacêutica , Farmácia , Humanos , Currículo
17.
Harm Reduct J ; 21(1): 11, 2024 Jan 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38218980

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Shifts in the US drug supply, including the proliferation of synthetic opioids and emergence of xylazine, have contributed to the worsening toll of the overdose epidemic. Drug checking services offer a critical intervention to promote agency among people who use drugs (PWUD) to reduce overdose risk. Current drug checking methods can be enhanced to contribute to supply-level monitoring in the USA, overcoming the selection bias associated with existing supply monitoring efforts and informing public health interventions. METHODS: As a group of analytical chemists, public health researchers, evaluators, and harm reductionists, we used a semi-structured guide to facilitate discussion of four different approaches for syringe service programs (SSPs) to offer drug checking services for supply-level monitoring. Using thematic analysis, we identified four key principles that SSPs should consider when implementing drug checking programs. RESULTS: A number of analytical methods exist for drug checking to contribute to supply-level monitoring. While there is likely not a one-size-fits-all approach, SSPs should prioritize methods that can (1) provide immediate utility to PWUD, (2) integrate seamlessly into existing workflows, (3) balance individual- and population-level data needs, and (4) attend to legal concerns for implementation and dissemination. CONCLUSIONS: Enhancing drug checking methods for supply-level monitoring has the potential to detect emerging threats in the drug supply and reduce the toll of the worsening overdose epidemic.


Assuntos
Overdose de Drogas , Assistência Farmacêutica , Humanos , Fentanila/análise , Analgésicos Opioides/análise , Overdose de Drogas/prevenção & controle , Overdose de Drogas/epidemiologia , Saúde Pública , Redução do Dano
18.
JCO Oncol Pract ; 20(2): 291-299, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38175987

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Financial assistance (FA) programs are increasingly used to help patients afford oral anticancer medications (OAMs), but access to such programs and their impact on out-of-pocket (OOP) spending has not been well explored. This study aimed to (1) characterize the impact of receipt of FA on both OOP spending and likelihood of catastrophic spending on OAMs and (2) evaluate racial/ethnic disparities in access to FA programs. METHODS: Patients with a cancer diagnosis prescribed an OAM anytime between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021 were included in this retrospective, single-center study at an integrated specialty pharmacy affiliated with a tertiary academic cancer center. Fixed-effect regression models were used to characterize the impact of receipt of FA on overall spending and likelihood of catastrophic spending on OAMs, as well as explore the association of race/ethnicity with receipt of FA. RESULTS: Across 1,186 patients prescribed an OAM, 37% received FA. Receipt of FA was associated with lower annual spending on OAMs (ß = -$1,236 US dollars [USD; 95% CI, -$1,841 to -$658], P < .001) but not reduced risk of catastrophic spending (odds ratio [OR], 0.442 [95% CI, 0.755 to 3.199], P = .23). Non-White patients (OR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.43 to 0.85], P = .004) and patients who spoke English as a second language (OR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.23 to 0.90], P = .02) were less likely to receive FA compared with White and English-speaking patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: FA programs can mitigate high OOP spending but not for patients who spend at catastrophic levels. There are racial/ethnic and language disparities in access to such programs. Future studies should evaluate access to FA programs across diverse delivery settings.


Assuntos
Assistência Farmacêutica , Farmácia , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Gastos em Saúde
19.
Am J Pharm Educ ; 88(2): 100656, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38244777

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Current literature provides little insight into the need for French-language pharmaceutical services in Francophone minority settings in Canada. This study aims to understand the pharmaceutical care and services offered in French in Canada. It also aims to conduct a needs assessment in the context of curriculum development, by validating whether pharmaceutical needs are being met in Francophone minority settings in Canada. METHODS: An online survey was sent to community members and health care professionals. Respondents were asked to identify the perceived importance of pharmaceutical needs and the degree to which they perceive these to be fulfilled in French and English in their communities. RESULTS: A total of 113 community members and 109 health care professionals completed the survey. Most respondents were from Ontario (64.84%), Quebec (10.50%), or Atlantic Provinces (10.05%). In total, > 95% of survey respondents identified that pharmaceutical needs assessed were of very high importance. The rate of pharmaceutical need fulfillment was lower in French than English across all pharmaceutical needs assessed. The greatest difference in rate of pharmaceutical need fulfillment was seen with "Having safe access to required medication". The perception of pharmaceutical needs being met was congruent between community members and health care professionals. CONCLUSION: These results confirm a lack of pharmaceutical needs being met in French in Canadian Francophone minority communities. There is a lack of French-language services that limit the ability to receive care in one's own language. Pharmacy education in French may be an effective approach to improve pharmaceutical care services received in French in Francophone minority communities.


Assuntos
Educação em Farmácia , Assistência Farmacêutica , Farmácia , Humanos , Canadá , Determinação de Necessidades de Cuidados de Saúde , Ontário
20.
Am J Pharm Educ ; 88(2): 100643, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38191094

RESUMO

Creating a welcoming and supportive environment for learners with disabilities needs to be a focus within pharmacy education. Including students with disabilities enhances program diversity and contributes to awareness and understanding of disability. Barriers to embracing disability include stigma toward disability, insufficient resource allocation, and misunderstanding of accommodations. Steps that need to be taken to embrace disability include evaluation of current programmatic culture, provision of education, and collaboration with external stakeholders. Schools/colleges of pharmacy must move toward a framework that embraces disability within our programs.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência , Educação em Farmácia , Assistência Farmacêutica , Farmácia , Humanos , Currículo , Faculdades de Farmácia
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