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2.
Int J Equity Health ; 23(1): 46, 2024 Mar 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38443921

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Every human being has the right to affordable, high-quality health services. However, mothers and children in wealthier households worldwide have better access to healthcare and lower mortality rates than those in lower-income ones. Despite Somalia's fragile health system and the under-5 mortality rate being among the highest worldwide, it has made progress in increasing reproductive, maternal, and child health care coverage. However, evidence suggests that not all groups have benefited equally. We analysed secondary 2006 and 2018-19 data to monitor disparities in reproductive, maternal, and child health care in Somalia. METHODS: The study's variables of interest are the percentage of contraceptive prevalence through modern methods, adolescent fertility rate, prenatal care, the rate of births attended by midwives, the rate of births in a health care facility, the rate of early initiation of breastfeeding, stunting and wasting prevalence and care-seeking for children under-five. As the outcome variable, we analysed the under-five mortality rate. Using reliable data from secondary sources, we calculated the difference and ratio of the best and worst-performing groups for 2006 and 2018-19 in Somalia and measured the changes between the two. RESULTS: Between 2006 and 2018-19, An increase in the difference between women with high and low incomes was noticed in terms of attended labours. Little change was noted regarding socioeconomic inequities in breastfeeding. The difference in the stunting prevalence between the highest and lowest income children decreased by 20.5 points, and the difference in the wasting prevalence of the highest and the lowest income children decreased by 9% points. Care-seeking increased by 31.1% points. Finally, although under-five mortality rates have decreased in the study period, a marked income slope remains. CONCLUSIONS: The study's findings indicate that Somalia achieved significant progress in reducing malnutrition inequalities in children, a positive development that may have also contributed to the decrease in under-five mortality rate inequities also reported in this study. However, an increase in inequalities related to access to contraception and healthcare for mothers is shown, as well as for care-seeking for sick children under the age of five. To ensure that all mothers and children have equal access to healthcare, it is crucial to enhance efforts in providing essential quality healthcare services and distributing them fairly and equitably across Somalia.


Assuntos
Equidade em Saúde , Adolescente , Criança , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Saúde do Lactente , Somália/epidemiologia , Família , Transtornos do Crescimento
3.
Trials ; 25(1): 170, 2024 Mar 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38448918

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Women of reproductive age (WRA) in developing countries are often at risk of micronutrient deficiencies due to inadequate intakes and excessive losses. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this trial is to assess the effectiveness of United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation-Multiple Micronutrient Supplements (UNIMMAP-MMS) versus iron-folic acid (IFA) among WRA in reducing anemia. METHODS: Three parallel groups of WRA will participate in a community-based, individually randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled superiority trial. After consent, the sample of 375 mildly or moderately anemic women based on hemoglobin by Hemocue will be randomly assigned across two interventions and one control arm. Trial participants in intervention arms will receive UNIMMAP-MMS or IFA while those in the control arm will receive placebos twice a week for 17 weeks. The primary outcome will be a change in mean hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations. Outcome assessors and study participants will be blinded to the type of supplements and study arm. DISCUSSION: The World Health Organization (WHO) added UNIMMAP-MMS to its essential medicine lists in 2021 but recommended rigorous study. Several factors in addition to inadequate intakes of iron and folic acid contribute to the high prevalence of anemia among WRA in the Somali region. The findings of this study will provide evidence on the effect of UNIMMAP-MMS and IFA on Hb concentrations and anemia prevalence among anemic WRA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05682261. Registered on January 12, 2023.


Assuntos
Anemia , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Somália , Anemia/diagnóstico , Anemia/tratamento farmacológico , Anemia/epidemiologia , Ácido Fólico , Ferro , Hemoglobinas , Micronutrientes , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
4.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 70(1): e20231100, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38511759

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency among patients attending a tertiary hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia. METHODS: This retrospective study examined the results of serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D tests of 28,125 patients admitted to Somalia Mogadishu-Turkey Training and Research Hospital between January 2017 and December 2021. Vitamin D insufficiency is defined as 20-30 ng/mL, deficiency as 10-19 ng/mL, and severe deficiency as <10 ng/mL. RESULTS: A total of 28,125 patients with a mean age of 44.27±20.4 years were included in the study. The majority of patients were in the age group of 19-40 years. The mean serum level of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D was 28.42±15.34 ng/mL. Of the patients included in the study, 5.8% (1,618/28,125) had vitamin D sufficiency, 6.5% (1,826/28,125) had vitamin D insufficiency, 41.8% (11,761/28,125) had vitamin D deficiency, and 45.9% (12,920/28,125) had severe vitamin D deficiency. The mean serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels were lower in females than in males (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The study indicated a high prevalence of vitamin deficiency among patients attending the largest tertiary care hospital, particularly female patients and older people. It is recommended to develop educational and awareness programs, and campaigns to reduce vitamin D deficiency in the population, especially those at high risk.


Assuntos
Deficiência de Vitamina D , Vitamina D , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Somália , Vitaminas , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Calcifediol , Prevalência
6.
BMC Res Notes ; 17(1): 85, 2024 Mar 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38504305

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Neisseria meningitides, Streptococcus pneumonia, and hemophilic influenza type B are frequently linked to bacterial meningitis (BM) in children. It's an infectious sickness that kills and severely mobilizes children. For a variety of reasons, bacterial meningitis remains a global public health concern; most cases and deaths are found in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. Even though vaccination has made BM more preventable, children worldwide are still severely harmed by this serious illness. Age, sex, and co-morbidity are among the risk variables for BM that have been found. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify the variables influencing the time to recovery for children with bacterial meningitis at Jigjiga University referral hospital in the Somali regional state of Ethiopia. METHOD: A retrospective cohort of 535 children with bacterial meningitis who received antibiotic treatment was the subject of this study. Parametric Shared Frailty ty and the AFT model were employed with log likelihood, BIC, and AIC methods of model selection. The frailty models all employed the patients' kebele as a clustering factor. RESULTS: The number of cases of BM declined in young children during the duration of the 2 year, 11 month study period, but not in the elderly. Streptococcus pneumonia (50%), hemophilic influenza (30.5%), and Neisseria meningitides (15%) were the most frequent causes of BM. The time to recovery of patients from bacteria was significantly influenced by the covariates male patients (ϕ = 0.927; 95% CI (0.866, 0.984); p-value = 0.014), patients without a vaccination history (ϕ = 0.898; 95% CI (0.834, 0.965); P value = 0.0037), and patients who were not breastfeeding (ϕ = 0.616; 95% CI (0.404, 0.039); P-value = 0.024). The recovery times for male, non-breastfed children with bacterial patients are 7.9 and 48.4% shorter, respectively. In contrast to children with comorbidity, the recovery time for children without comorbidity increased by 8.7%. CONCLUSION: Age group, sex, vaccination status, co-morbidity, breastfeeding, and medication regimen were the main determinant factors for the time to recovery of patients with bacterial meningitis. Patients with co-morbidities require the doctor at Jigjiga University Referral Hospital to pay close attention to them.


Assuntos
Fragilidade , Influenza Humana , Meningites Bacterianas , Meningite Meningocócica , Pneumonia , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Idoso , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Somália , Estudos Retrospectivos , Universidades , Meningites Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Meningites Bacterianas/microbiologia , Hospitais , Encaminhamento e Consulta
7.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 690, 2024 Mar 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38438851

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through contaminated blood or bodily fluids. Globally, over 81 million blood units are donated annually, a crucial therapeutic procedure without alternatives. However, blood-borne infections, including HBV, pose a significant hurdle to safe transfusions, especially in HBV-endemic regions like Somalia with limited screening. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection and identify risk factors associated with it among blood donors in Mogadishu, Somalia. METHOD: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between February and April 2023. Research tools included a 5-ml blood sample and a structured questionnaire. The presence or absence of HB markers was determined using a multi-HB rapid test and CDC's HB marker interpretation guideline. Logistic regression was used in univariate and multivariate models to identify risk factors associated with HBV infection, with significance set at a p-value < 0.05 in the final model. RESULT: A total of 494 blood donors were recruited for this study; 93.9% were male, with a mean age of 31.5 (SD = 8.11). The prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among blood donors was 9.7%, with a 95% CI of 7.1-12.3. In multivariable logistic regression, those with a monthly income of less than 200 USD (AOR = 5.20, 95% CI = 1.61-16.79), those with an income between 200 and 400 (AOR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.38-9.34), Jobless blood donors (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI = 1.17-12.20), those in business occupations (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.24-9.08), those with a history of STDs (AOR = 4.83, 95% CI = 2.03-11.50), those without a history of HB vaccine (AOR = 13.81, 95% CI = 2.46-77.41), those with a history of tooth extraction (AOR = 6.90, 95% CI = 2.66-17.88), and those who shared sharp equipment (AOR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.07-7.82) were more likely to become infected with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSION: This study highlights a high prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Implementation efforts against HBV infection should specifically focus on low-income individuals, the jobless, and donors with a history of STD to mitigate the burden of HBV infection and promote safer blood donation. In addition, discouraging the sharing of sharp equipment, improving infection control practices during tooth extraction procedures, and enhancing HB vaccination uptake, particularly among individuals lacking a history of HB vaccine, is highly recommended.


Assuntos
Hepatite B , Vacinas , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Vírus da Hepatite B , Doadores de Sangue , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Somália/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
8.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 5956, 2024 03 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38472298

RESUMO

Extensive research has been conducted on poverty in developing countries using conventional regression analysis, which has limited prediction capability. This study aims to address this gap by applying advanced machine learning (ML) methods to predict poverty in Somalia. Utilizing data from the first-ever 2020 Somalia Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS), a cross-sectional study design is considered. ML methods, including random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), and logistic regression, are tested and applied using R software version 4.1.2, while conventional methods are analyzed using STATA version 17. Evaluation metrics, such as confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, recall, F1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), are employed to assess the performance of predictive models. The prevalence of poverty in Somalia is notable, with approximately seven out of ten Somalis living in poverty, making it one of the highest rates in the region. Among nomadic pastoralists, agro-pastoralists, and internally displaced persons (IDPs), the poverty average stands at 69%, while urban areas have a lower poverty rate of 60%. The accuracy of prediction ranged between 67.21% and 98.36% for the advanced ML methods, with the RF model demonstrating the best performance. The results reveal geographical region, household size, respondent age group, husband employment status, age of household head, and place of residence as the top six predictors of poverty in Somalia. The findings highlight the potential of ML methods to predict poverty and uncover hidden information that traditional statistical methods cannot detect, with the RF model identified as the best classifier for predicting poverty in Somalia.


Assuntos
Benchmarking , Aprendizado de Máquina , Estudos Transversais , Somália , Pobreza
9.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1205327, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38362207

RESUMO

In the 21st century, healthcare stands out as a formidable, contentious social responsibility for governments due to its high costs. This study delves into Somalia's healthcare system under Federal Government leadership, scrutinizing the complexities of health governance and financing. The Federal Government (FGS), along with governmental states (FMS) and regional authorities, collectively shoulder leadership and governance roles within Somalia's healthcare framework. Vital to resilient and inclusive development, the health sector holds a pivotal role. A strategic investment in healthcare not only drives substantial demographic dividends through enhanced life expectancy and reduced fertility rates, but also paves Somalia's trajectory toward progress. The Federal Government of Somalia confronts a multitude of challenges in its pursuit of effective healthcare implementation. A prominent obstacle lies in health financing. Somalia relies heavily on international and private sources for health support, primarily due to limited government revenue generation. This financial shortfall restrains the government's capacity to allocate ample funds for public services and critical investments, including healthcare. This paper sheds light on the present healthcare landscape in Somalia and expounds on the hurdles confronted by healthcare systems under federal governance. Moreover, it delves into the historical evolution of Somalia's healthcare system and the advent of new federalist principles. In doing so, this study comprehensively examines the dynamics of healthcare governance, financing, and historical progression in Somalia.


Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde , Investimentos em Saúde , Somália
10.
Soc Sci Med ; 345: 116664, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38364724

RESUMO

Over the past decade there has been a burgeoning literature on social norms and the need to understand their context-specific patterning and trends to promote change, including to address the harmful practice of female genital mutilation (FGM), which affects around 200 million girls and women globally. This article draws on mixed-methods data collected in 2022 and 2023 with 1,020 adolescents and their caregivers, as well as key informants, from Ethiopia's Somali region to explore the patterning, drivers, and decision-making around FGM. Findings indicate that almost all Somali girls can expect to undergo FGM before age 15, and that infibulation is near universal. Critically, however, we find that respondents' understanding of infibulation is rooted in traditional practice, and many girls are now "partially" infibulated-an invasive procedure that girls nonetheless see as an improvement over the past. These shifts reflect religious leaders' efforts to eliminate traditional infibulation--and the health risks it entails--by promoting "less invasive" types of FGM as a requirement of Islam. We also find evidence of emergent medicalization of the practice, as mothers-who are the primary decision-makers-seek to further reduce risks. Adult and adolescent respondents agree that FGM is a deeply embedded social norm, but distinguish between FGM as a perceived religious requirement, and infibulation as a cultural requirement. For girls and women, the importance of FGM is framed around social acceptance, whereas boys and men focus on FGM as a requirement for marriage as it allows families to control girls' sexuality. The article concludes by reflecting on the implications of our findings for programming in high-prevalence contexts. Key conclusions include that FGM interventions should not rely on empowering individuals as "champions of change" but rather prioritize engagement with whole communities, and should be open in the short term to incremental harm-reduction approaches.


Assuntos
Circuncisão Feminina , Adulto , Masculino , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Circuncisão Feminina/efeitos adversos , Somália , Etiópia , Mães , Normas Sociais
11.
Med Anthropol ; 43(1): 74-89, 2024 01 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38240742

RESUMO

Management of what Somalis call "dacar" - translated as digestive bile, bitterness, aloe, and masses of tiny beings in the gut - is key to popular health cultures and ethnophysiologies in eastern Ethiopia. Managing bodily dacar requires cultivating multispecies sociality and flows of life between humans, vegetation that nourishes livestock, and animals that produce milk consumed for therapeutic and nutritional properties. Transcending Western scientific conceptualizations of the "gut microbiome" and the instrumentalization of microbes to improve human health, Somalis' gut epistemologies and concept of dacar provide an ecological perspective on the co-constructed, mutable, and multispecies nature of digestion and life itself.


Assuntos
Digestão , Comportamento Social , Animais , Humanos , Somália , Etiópia , Antropologia Médica
12.
Sex Reprod Healthc ; 39: 100946, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38211483

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Health authorities in many countries recommend that women should take folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy to prevent having babies with neural tube defects. Somali immigrant women in Norway use less folic acid supplements than the recommended amount and subsequently, less than Norwegian-born women. OBJECTIVES: To explore Somali immigrant women's knowledge of and experiences with using folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy. METHODS: Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews with ten Somali immigrant women in Norway. The participants were recruited and interviewed between September and November 2019. Graneheim and Lundmans qualitative content analysis was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Two main themes were developed through the process of analysing the data: 1) Attitudes to life and pregnancy affect how health care advice is met; 2) Understanding the benefits of folic acid is crucial. CONCLUSIONS: The women in this study had varied knowledge about, and experiences with the use of folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy. The findings suggest that the healthcare system needs to adapt the information it provides on folic acid supplementation to target the needs of Somali immigrant women. In line with suggestions from the study participants, information needs to be given in a timely manner, by someone they trust, in their first language, include visual aids, and be offered to all women of childbearing age before their first pregnancy.


Assuntos
Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Ácido Fólico , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Somália , Suplementos Nutricionais , Noruega , Idioma , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde
14.
PLoS One ; 19(1): e0296406, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38165914

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Arboviral diseases, such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika, are caused by viruses that are transmitted to humans through mosquito bites. However, the status of arbovirus vectors in eastern Ethiopia is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate distribution, breeding habitat, bionomics and phylogenetic relationship of Aedes aegypti mosquito species in Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia. METHODS: Entomological surveys were conducted in four sites including Jigjiga, Degehabur, Kebridehar and Godey in 2018 (October to December) to study the distribution of Ae. aegypti and with a follow-up collection in 2020 (July-December). In addition, an investigation into the seasonality and bionomics of Ae. aegypti was conducted in 2021 (January-April) in Kebridehar town. Adult mosquitoes were collected from indoor and outdoor locations using CDC light traps (LTs), pyrethrum spray collection (PSCs), and aspirators. Larvae and pupae were also collected from a total of 169 water-holding containers using a dipper between October and November 2020 (rainy season) in Kebridehar town. The species identification of wild caught and reared adults was conducted using a taxonomic key. In addition, species identification using mitochondrial and nuclear genes maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analysis was performed. RESULTS: In the 2018 collection, Ae. aegypti was found in all study sites (Jigjiga, Degahabour, Kebridehar and Godey). In the 2020-2021 collection, a total of 470 (Female = 341, Male = 129) wild caught adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were collected, mostly during the rainy season with the highest frequency in November (n = 177) while the lowest abundance was in the dry season (n = 14) for both February and March. The majority of Ae. aegypt were caught using PSC (n = 365) followed by CDC LT (n = 102) and least were collected by aspirator from an animal shelter (n = 3). Aedes aegypti larval density was highest in tires (0.97 larvae per dip) followed by cemented cisterns (0.73 larvae per dip) and the Relative Breeding Index (RBI) was 0.87 and Container Index (CI) was 0.56. Genetic analysis of ITS2 and COI revealed one and 18 haplotypes, respectively and phylogenetic analysis confirmed species identification. The 2022 collection revealed no Ae. aegpti, but two previously uncharacterized species to that region. Phylogenetic analysis of these two species revealed their identities as Ae. hirsutus and Culiseta longiareolata. CONCLUSION: Data from our study indicate that, Ae. aegypti is present both during the wet and dry seasons due to the availability of breeding habitats, including water containers like cemented cisterns, tires, barrels, and plastic containers. This study emphasizes the necessity of establishing a national entomological surveillance program for Aedes in Somali region.


Assuntos
Aedes , Dengue , Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Animais , Adulto , Aedes/genética , Filogenia , Etiópia , Funções Verossimilhança , Somália , Mosquitos Vetores/genética , Melhoramento Vegetal , Ecossistema , Ecologia , Água , Larva/genética
15.
Immun Inflamm Dis ; 12(1): e1148, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38270297

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is life-threatening infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus that caused a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 has been widely transmitted throughout Ethiopia, with over 501,060 cases confirmed and 7574 deaths until November 2023. This study assessed for the first time the seroprevalence SARS-CoV-2 in the general population of the Somali Region during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was conducted from May to June 2021 in 14 districts of Somali Region. Blood samples were collected in 820 participants in addition to administering a questionnaire that included sociodemographic characteristics and history of clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Blood samples were tested for the presence or absence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 using a commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit (Euroimmun). RESULTS: Overall, 477 (58.2%) were male and 343 (41.8%) were female. The majority of the participants (N = 581; 70.9%) were between 18 and 34 years old and not vaccinated against COVID-19 (N = 793; 96.7%). The overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 41.7% (95% CI: 33.3%-47.6%). The highest prevalence was found in Goljano district (70%) and the lowest in Gunagado district (22.5%). Only age was found to be associated with COVID-19 seropositivity. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was the highest ever reported in Ethiopia, indicating that a large proportion of the population had been infected 14 months after the start of the outbreak in the country. Such studies are important to swiftly reassess and improve specific COVID-19 preventive and control measures to reduce transmissions within the community in a given setting.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , COVID-19/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudos Transversais , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Somália , Anticorpos Antivirais
16.
BMC Womens Health ; 24(1): 48, 2024 01 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38238717

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Sexual dysfunction is frequent in female hemodialysis patients and is related to poorer quality of life. It is often a neglected topic associated with marked distress and interpersonal difficulties. OBJECTIVE: Few studies are reported from Sub-Saharan African Countries (SSA) regarding female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in (HD) patients. The study aims to explore the prevalence and associated factors of FSD in female HD at a sole dialysis centre in Somalia. METHOD: Over a one-month period, a cross-sectional study was conducted among women with end-stage renal disease aged 18-50 years who were undergoing a dialysis program for at least three months at the dialysis center of our hospital. The participants were married, and they were living with their partners. Data regarding the sociodemographic features, clinical characteristics, frequency of sexual intercourse per week, and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores were collected using a standard face-to-face interview questionnaire. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 115 participants were eligible for the study's inclusion criteria. The mean patient age was 38.5 ± 9.3 years. The most common cause of ESRD was diabetes, which accounted for 53%, followed by hypertension (26.1%) and glomerulonephritis (9.6%). The mean duration of dialysis was 2.9 ± 1.4 years, and approximately two-thirds of the participants (62.5%) were in the program for more than three years. Regarding the frequency of sexual intercourse, 61.7% of female participants performed sexual intercourse less than once time/a week. The prevalence of FSD was 92.2% (n = 106) of all participants. The mean FSFI score of the participants was 16.05 ± 4.48. Longer duration of dialysis program (i.e., more than four years), increasing age (i.e., > 35 years), those with diabetes had scored lower overall FSFI scores. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction among Somali female hemodialysis patients was very high, representing a significant problem in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Our study findings revealed that increasing age, diabetes, and duration of dialysis negatively impact female sexual function and are significantly associated with FSD.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Falência Renal Crônica , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Falência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Prevalência , Qualidade de Vida , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/epidemiologia , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/epidemiologia , Somália/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
17.
Vasc Health Risk Manag ; 20: 13-20, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38192439

RESUMO

Introduction: Myocardial infarction and cardiovascular disease are significant global health issues, particularly in Somalia. The Somali population faces challenges due to armed conflict, limited education, and underdeveloped healthcare infrastructure. Cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and obesity are prevalent, and Somali people face increased susceptibility. Methods: This study examined Somalia residents' perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors towards myocardial infarction using a cross-sectional paper-based questionnaire. The sample consisted of 313 urban residents in Mogadishu, aged 20 and above. The questionnaire was written in Somali and was designed for the demographic. Knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were categorized into two groups, with associations between knowledge, attitude, and practice with sociodemographic and health characteristics assessed using Logistic Regression. Results: This study analyzed data from A random sample of participants who arrived at the hospital for various reasons regarding their perceptions, attitudes, and responses towards myocardial infarction. The mean age was 42 ±19 years, with 54% being male and 46% female. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity, followed by dyslipidemia and diabetes. Over half of the respondents had no formal education, and only 3.8% had a smoking history. About 5.7% had a previous history of myocardial infarction. The mean knowledge score was 11.07 ± 0.697, with 53.35% of respondents not knowing enough about myocardial infarction. The majority of the patients showed a favorable attitude, but only a slight majority could recognize symptoms of myocardial infarction. The majority of the patients had inadequate practice and behavior, with 53.6% not practicing regularly or engaging in sports. Conclusion: The research highlights gaps in Mogadishu's Somali community's knowledge and practices regarding myocardial infarction. It emphasizes the need for health education, primary care, and community involvement to improve cardiovascular health awareness and reduce MI incidence.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Hipertensão , Infarto do Miocárdio , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Somália/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia
18.
Public Health Nurs ; 41(1): 151-163, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37970916

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The study's aim was to gain a qualitative understanding of vaccine beliefs and attitudes toward COVID-19 among Somali residents living in Northern Wisconsin (WI). While vaccination rates are significantly lower among Black and Hispanic populations, those with lower educational levels, and in rural areas, minimal is known about Somali population perspectives of COVID-19 vaccination rates. METHODS: Through qualitative methodology employing focus groups for data collection and the inclusion of Somali interpreters, we explored Somali community viewpoints regarding these topics. Focus group interviews were transcribed verbatim with subsequent transcripts reviewed and analyzed by the research team to identify themes. RESULTS: The overarching theme was Protecting self, others, and community. Most participants accepted vaccinations, and the COVID-19 vaccine specifically, to protect themselves, others, and their community. Factors contributing to vaccine update included trusting local messengers, including public health nurses; valuing collective memory associated with previous communicable disease outbreaks; believing religion supported vaccine protective actions; and following recommended government and media advice. CONCLUSION: Study results suggest strategies for increasing community outreach to newly resettled refugee and immigrant minority groups, establishing trust between community members, nurses, and other public health personnel, and facilitators for connecting health messaging to Somali cultural and religious beliefs to promote public health and safety.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Vacinas contra COVID-19/uso terapêutico , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Wisconsin , Somália , COVID-19/prevenção & controle
19.
Trop Doct ; 54(1): 42-44, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37715653

RESUMO

Mycetoma is a suppurative chronic bacterial or fungal disease inoculated into the body by minor trauma which may penetrate from subcutaneous tissue to bone. Although the lower extremities are most commonly affected, rare forms can also be seen from time to time. The diagnostic triad of swelling in the affected area, multiple sinus formation, and purulent discharge with grains are typical. Definitive diagnosis is made by isolation of the causative pathogen, radiologic imaging, and histopathologic examination. Antifungal and antibacterial options are applied together with surgery. Our aim in this case series is to report and analyze 10 rare cases of mycetoma.


Assuntos
Micetoma , Humanos , Micetoma/diagnóstico , Micetoma/tratamento farmacológico , Micetoma/microbiologia , Somália , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico
20.
Int Health ; 15(Supplement_2): ii30-ii37, 2023 Dec 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38048381

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Following interventions to eliminate trachoma in Somali region, Ethiopia, we aimed to re-estimate the prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) and trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) at woreda level and identify the factors associated with the disease. METHODS: We implemented cross-sectional community-based surveys in 50 trachoma-endemic woredas, using a standardized survey. Households were the secondary sampling unit. Surveys were undertaken through a combination of interviews of household heads and direct inspection of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) access, plus clinical evaluation of eligible household members for TT and TF. RESULTS: Overall, 41 (82%) of the 50 woredas had met the WHO-recommended active trachoma elimination threshold (prevalence of TF <5% in 1-9-y-olds) and 42 (84%) had met the TT threshold (prevalence of TT unknown to the health system <0.2% in ≥15-y-olds). Only 18% of households had access to an improved drinking water source within a 30-min trip and only 25% had an improved latrine. CONCLUSIONS: Additional rounds of antibiotic mass drug administration, plus interventions to enhance facial cleanliness and improve the environment, are required in nine woredas. TT surgical campaigns are needed in eight woredas. Greater access to WASH is required across all the woredas that were surveyed.


Assuntos
Tracoma , Triquíase , Humanos , Lactente , Tracoma/epidemiologia , Tracoma/prevenção & controle , Prevalência , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Somália/epidemiologia , Água , Triquíase/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos
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