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1.
Epi News ; 15(2): 8-9, Nov. 1999.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-842
2.
West Indian med. j ; 47(Suppl. 3): 24-5, July 1998.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-1725

RESUMO

LCP supplementation of premature infant formula has been shown to produce plasma and erythrocyte lipid profiles similar to human milk (HM)-fed preterm infants. Previous studies reported decreased growth with LCP supplemented formula. This prospective, double-blind, randomised, controlled, parallel trial compared safety, growth and phospholipid fatty acid (PFA) levels in preterm infants fed preterms formula with (L+) or without (Lo) LCP. The study consisted of Phase I: enrolment to 40 weeks (wk) postconceptual age (PCA); and Phase II: 40 to 48 wk PCA. Infants (birth weight 750-2000 g, 0-28 days of age) were fed L+ or L preterm formula, 24 Kcal/oz during Phase I, and 20 Kcal/oz during Phase II. A control group was exclusively HM-fed preterms who, if weaned at the end of Phase I, received L. HM and formula intake were unrestricted. Weight (wt), length (Lt), head circumference (OFC) and upper mid-arm circumference (MAC), and phospholipid profiles were measured at 40 and 48 wk PCA. Adverse events were monitored. 183/288 infants completed Phase II. There were no difference in growth rates between formula groups. At 48 wk PCA, mean PFA levels in infants fed L+ were similar to HM-fed and were significantly higher than the L fed group. Adverse events were similar between the 2 formula groups. The number of infants who were discontinued because of an adverse event was similar among all groups. In conclusion the LCP preterm infant formula is safe, support normal growth and maintains phospholipid profiles similar to HM-fed infants.(AU)


Assuntos
Lactente , Humanos , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/análise , Alimentos Infantis/análise , Recém-Nascido Pequeno para a Idade Gestacional/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Leite Humano/química , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/crescimento & desenvolvimento
3.
In. Pan American Health Organization; World Bank; University of the West Indies, Mona. Tropical Metabolism Research Unit. Nutrition, health, and child development. Research advances and policy recommendations. Washington, D.C, Pan American Health Organization, 1998. p.43-68, tab, gra.
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-1483
4.
Rev. panam. salud publica ; 2(2): 107-14, 1997. tab
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-16894

RESUMO

The determinants of initiating breast-feeding vary among different populations, but knowledge of them is of fundamental importance for guiding programs to promote breast-feeding. Data from the Demographic and Health Survey of 1991 in the Dominican Republic were used to identify factors associated with the initiation of breast-feeding in a random sample of women of reproductive age. Approximately 93 percent of 2714 mothers reported having begun to breast-feed their live-born child who was currently under 5 years of age, and that percentage had not changed substantially in the past 5 years. A logistic regression analysis was done in which odds ratios were calculated as measures of association. Women who had suffered some type of illness during pregnancy (odds ratio = 2.3), those whose child had a low birth-weight (odds ratio = 2.9), primiparas (odds ratio = 1.9), and those with medium (odds ratio = 1.6) or high (odds ratio = 2.1) income levels showed a significantly higher risk of not starting to breast-feed. These women should be considered priority groups by breast-feeding promotion programs (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Aleitamento Materno , República Dominicana , Nutrição do Lactente , Leite Humano/imunologia , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Região do Caribe
5.
West Indian med. j ; 45(Suppl 2): 36, Apr. 1996.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-4599

RESUMO

In a longitudional study, pregnancy, neonatal outcome and lactation performance of adolescent and adult primigravidae were examined and compared in 33 randomly selected women (14-25 years) in St. Vincent. The whole group of women were subdivided into three sub-groups: Group I (n=10, age 14-16 years), Group II (n=12, age 17-18 years), and Group III (n=11, age 19-25 years). Detailed data on obstetrical and neonatal (neurological) outcome were collected. After birth, information was obtained on early infant growth, maternal dietary intake and breast milk composition. Milk samples (transitional and mature milk) and maternal dietary information and neonatal anthropometric measurements were collected twice during the first month after birth through home visits. Between the 3 groups no significant differences in obstetric conditions, birthweight and early infant growth were found. The Neurological Optimality Score (NOS) was comparable for all groups, but a trend of more infants diagnosed as neurologically "suspect" infants in the younger age group shows the urgent need for more research in this field. Regarding the analysis of breastmilk samples, apart from lactose content, no major differences in the composition of macro-nutrients were found. Concerning the fatty acid composition of the milk fat, no major differences between the groups occurred, although a small number of individual fatty acids were different between the groups. Early infant growth patterns were similar in all groups. It is concluded that previously reported perinatal problems of healthy teenage primigravidae (14-16 years) were not substantiated fully in this series but neonatal outcome of infants of these mothers suggests that careful developmental follow-up of these children is indicated (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Adolescente , Resultado da Gravidez , Gravidez na Adolescência , Leite Humano , Lactação , Desenvolvimento Infantil
6.
Postgrad Doc - Caribbean ; 10(1): 28-33, Jan/Feb 1994.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-3553

RESUMO

Human milk has recently been reappraised with respect to its nutritional content, and anti-infective properties. Concerns with global food supply, economics of infant feeding, contraception and prevention of infections are specially relevant to developing countries. The benefits of breast feeding for the Third World is highlighted, reviewing the special advantages over adapted cow's milk (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Aleitamento Materno , Alimentos Infantis , Leite Humano , Nutrição do Lactente , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Região do Caribe/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/prevenção & controle
7.
Postgraduate doctor ; 10(1): 28-33, Jan.-Feb. 1994. tab, gra
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-17048

RESUMO

Human milk has recently been reappraised with respect to its nutritional content, and anti-effective properties. Concerns with global food supply, economics of infant feeding, contraception and prevention of infections are specially relevant to developing countries. The benefits of breast feeding for the Third World is highlighted, reviewing the special advantages over adapted cow's milk(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Aleitamento Materno , Região do Caribe , Leite Humano/imunologia , Nutrição do Lactente , Países em Desenvolvimento/estatística & dados numéricos
8.
West Indian med. j ; 42(Suppl. 1): 57, Apr. 1993.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-5094

RESUMO

In a longitudinal study pregnancy, neonatal outcome and lactation performances of adolescent and adult primigravidae were examined and compared in 33 randomly selected women (14-25 years of age) in St. Vincent. The whole group of women were subdivided in three subgroups: Group I (n=10, age 14-16 years), Group II (n=12, age 17-18 years) and Group III (n=11, age 19-25 years). Detailed data on obstetrical and neonatal (neurological) outcome were collected. After birth information was obtained on early infant growth, maternal dietary intake and breast milk composition. Milk samples (transitional and mature milk) and maternal dietary information were collected twice during home visits, together with neonatal anthropometric measurements. Between the 3 groups no significant differences in obstetrical conditions, birth weight and early infant growth were found. However, in the youngest group the number of infants diagnosed as neurologically "suspect" was higher compared to the older groups. Regarding the analysis of breast milk samples, apart from lactose content, no major differences in the composition of macro-nutrients were found. Concerning the fatty acid composition of the milk fat no major differences between groups occurred, although a small number of individual fatty acids were different between the groups. It is concluded that previously reported perinatal problems of healthy teenage primigravidae (14-16 years) are not substantiated in this series (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez na Adolescência , Resultado da Gravidez , Leite Humano , Leite Humano , Lactação , São Vicente e Granadinas
9.
Early Hum Dev ; 32(2-3): 207-18, Mar. 1993.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-8503

RESUMO

The fatty acid composition of plasma cholesterol esters (CE), erythrocytes (RBC) and mature milk from seven lactating women and their exclusively breastfed newborns, living on Dominica, were studied. Blood samples were taken from umbilical cord and mother at birth. A sample of breastmilk was collected on day 20-22 postpartum, together with a blood sample from the baby. At birth, cord blood plasma CE and RBC total long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) contents were higher, and linoleic (18:2c, omega 6) and alpha-linolenic (18:3c, omega 3) acid contents lower, than in corresponding maternal compartments. Cord blood RBC LC-PUFA omega 3 content was lower and LC-PUFA omega 6 content higher than in maternal RBC. After birth, feeding with human milk led to a drop in LC-PUFA content in the plasma CE fraction, whereas RBC LC-PUFA content remained virtually constant. Current understanding of the origin and relative affinity of fatty acids incorporated in plasma CE and RBC suggests that RBC LC-PUFA content is a more reliable parameter for LC-PUFA status than plasma CE LC-PUFA content. The RBC LC-PUFA data suggest therefore that at birth the newborn has a lower LC-PUFA omega 3 status than the mother, and that this does not change during three weeks of exclusive breastfeeding (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Aleitamento Materno , Ésteres do Colesterol/análise , Parto Obstétrico , Eritrócitos/análise , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/análise , Recém-Nascido/sangue , Ésteres do Colesterol/sangue , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/análise , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Recém-Nascido/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Leite Humano/metabolismo , Dominica
10.
West Indian med. j ; 41(Suppl 1): 68, Apr. 1992.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-6515

RESUMO

The effect of postnatal intake of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA; C6-C14) from human milk on excessive beta-oxidation and growth was studied in Antigua. On day 23-28 a mean estimated intake of 8.9 g(range:3.8-16.6) of MCFA (notably 12:0 and 14:0) per litre did not cause excessive beta-oxidation, as derived from urinary excretion of ketone bodies and beta-hudroxybutyric acid. MCFA intake was not related to growth in the first 23-28 days. Intakes of as low as 2.7 g MCFA (notably 8:0 and 10:0) per litre from semisynthetic medium chain triglycerides are known to produce excessive beta-oxidation and urinary excretion of dicarboxylic acids (Rebouche et al, Am J. Clin. Nutri. 1990;52:820-824). It is concluded that, from a metabolic point of view, 12:0 and 14:0 from human milk belong to an intermediate subclass of MCFA that resembles long chain fatty acids greater than or equal to 16). Their uptake into adipose tissue may prevent hepatic oxidation, despite conceivable transportation of free 12:0 via the portal vein (AU)


Assuntos
Leite Humano , Crescimento , Ácidos Graxos , Corpos Cetônicos
11.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 53(5): 1197-204, May 1991.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-12566

RESUMO

Triglycerides, cholesterol, fatty acid composition, and tocopherols were determined in colustrum, transitional milk, and mature milk in St. Lucia. With progress of lactation, triglycerides and percentage medium-chain fatty acids increased whereas tocopherols, cholesterol and percentage long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased. These changes reflect augmented de novo synthesis of fatty acids (8:0, 10:0, 12:0, and 14:0) in the mammary gland and a tendency of increasing fat-globule size as milk matures. Transitional and mature milks, but particularly colustrum, contained higher concentrations of components considered to be derived from the fat-globule membrane (cholesterol, tocopherols, percentage long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) compared with those reported for Western countries. Percentage medium-chain fatty acids in mature milk was two to three times higher than in developed countries. Differences from data from studies in Western countries are discussed in relation to analytical methods and possible consequences for lipid digestion, lipid absorption, growth, and brain development.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Lipídeos/análise , Leite Humano/química , Vitamina E/análise , Colostro/química , Colesterol/análise , Países em Desenvolvimento , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/análise , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/análise , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/análise , Lactação/metabolismo , Estudos Longitudinais , Triglicerídeos/análise , Santa Lúcia
12.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 52(2): 326-34, Aug. 1990.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-12083

RESUMO

We isolated phospholipid (PL) subclasses from milk of women in Dominica and Belize. Fatty acid (FA) compositions of PLs and total lipids were determined. In the total-lipid fraction Dominican milk showed higher relative amounts of medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MC-SAFAs; 6:0-14:0) and 22:6n-3 and lower amounts of long-chain saturated fatty acids (LC-SAFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). There was a positive relationship between the MC-SAFA content in total lipids and total PLs. Incorporation of MC-SAFAs in PLs occurred at the expense of LC-SAFAs, MUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and long-chain PUFAs with o20 carbon atoms (LC-PUFAs oC20). Previous studies from western countries revealed low amounts of MC-SAFAs and high amounts of PUFAs and LC-PUFAs oC20 in milk PLs. Our data show that carbohydrate-rich diets give rise to incorporation of MC-SAFAs in PLs at the expense of PUFAs and LC-PUFAs oC20. The data are discussed in relation to the presumed origin of fat-globule membrane phospholipids. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Carboidratos da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Leite Humano/análise , Fosfolipídeos/análise , Triglicerídeos/análise , Belize , Análise de Regressão , Dominica
13.
West Indian med. j ; 38(Suppl. 1): 25, April 1989.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-5696

RESUMO

Fatty acid composition of mature milk from Belize, Curacao, Dominica and Suriname and of colostrum, transitional and mature milk from women in St. Lucia was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. Remarkable differences and striking similarities were found in fatty acid compositions. The levels of 6:0-12:0, the medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), and 14:0 were high (12:0-16:9 and 9.6-15.0 gm percent respectively) in all 5 countries as compared to reports from European countries. Palmitic acid (16:) levels (20.2-23.6 gm percent were similar to reported levels from other societies. The levels of 22.+c, W3 (docosahexaenoic acid or DHA) were extremely high in Dominica (average 1.15 gm percent) and relatively high (0.25-0.56 gm percent) in other Caribbean countries as compared to reported levels of 0.05-0.23 gm percent in studies from the USA. When a mother is in energy equilibrium or positive energy balance, the fatty acid composition of her breast milk is related to that of her diet, whereas in negative energy balance, it resembles that of her adipose tissue. High levels of DHA in breast milk may be explained by consumption of fish rich in DHA. A high carbohydrate intake leads to a high MCFA content of breast milk, such as seen in all 5 Caribbean countries but especially in Dominica. The levels of MCFAs and 14:0 in breast milk from St. Lucia increased substantially from colostrum to mature milk at the expense of the longer chain fatty acids (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Leite Humano/química , Triglicerídeos , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Belize , Suriname , Colostro , Comportamento Alimentar , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos
16.
In. Baumslag, Naomi. Primary health care pioneer: the selected works of Dr. Cicely D. Williams. Geneva, World Federation of Public Health Associations. UNICEF, Mar. 1986. p.66-70.
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-8150
17.
West Indian med. j ; 34(suppl): 61, 1985.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-6649

RESUMO

The new-born infant exclusively breastfed receives approximately 52 percent of his energy from fats, 40 percent from carbohydrates and approximately 8 percent from proteins. Dietary fat in young infants not only serves as the most important source of energy but also contains nutrients essential for normal growth and development of the nervous system. In the very young infant, intestinal absorption of fats is, among other factors, dependent on the fatty acid composition of the fat consumed. The nature of the fat consumed by the mother will have an important influence on the fatty acid composition of human milk fat. Samples were obtained from 47 mothers of low to middle social class, who had lived in Curacao for at least 10 years, and given birth to a normal term infant. Milk was collected at least 14 days after birth by manual expression, and deep frozen until analysed by gas chromatography. The relative concentration of the saturated fatty acids (g/100g total fatty acids) were C6:0, 0.1; C8:0, 0.7; C10.0, 3.2; C12:0, 11.7; C14:0, 9.8; C16:0, 16.8; C18:0, 4.8: and for the unsaturated fatty acids C14:1, 0.2; C16:1, 2.5; C18:1, 26.7; C18:2, 18.3; C18.3, 1.7; C20:2, 0.5; C20:3, 0.6; C20:4, 1.4; C22:5, 0.3 and C22:6, 0.6. This pattern is more similar to that found in Tanzanian women, than to that found in women in Great Britain (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Gorduras na Dieta , Leite Humano , Aleitamento Materno
18.
Caribbean J Pharmacy ; 1(1): 9-16, Aug. 1984.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-8075
19.
Pediatr Res ; 15(11): 1454-61, Nov. 1981.Aug. 1985.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-12382

RESUMO

Nitrogen metabolism was studied in three preterm infants (mean gestation 32 wk) by the method of consecutive metabolic balance. The absorption and retention of nitrogen from breast milk was measured, and protein turnover, synthesis, and breakdown were calculated from isotopic plateau of urinary urea and ammonia using an intermittent oral administration of 15N-glycine. Weight gain and nitrogen retention were compared with the weight gain and nitrogen accumulated for a foetus of equivalent gestational age in utero (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Glicina/metabolismo , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Leite Humano , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Peso Corporal
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