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1.
Port of Spain; The University of the West Indies; 2008. 21 p.
Não convencional em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: biblio-1146117

RESUMO

Equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by the 36 intracellular bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum. This disease has been well 37 documented in California, USA and sporadic cases have been recorded in New Jersey 38 and other states. Equine piroplasmosis is a reportable disease in the United States with 39 the most recent outbreak reported in Florida in 2008. In order to detect these diseases in 40 an area of low prevalence, two PCRs followed by a reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization 41 process were performed on DNA extracted from blood of 133 horses presented at a large 42 equine referral clinic in New Jersey. One PCR amplified the 16S rRNA gene for 43 Anaplasma/ Ehrlichia and gene and the other the 18S rRNA gene for Theileria/Babesia. 44 Amplified products were applied to a membrane to which oligonucleotide probes for equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum) and equine piroplasmosis 46 (Theileria equi and Babesia caballi) were covalently attached. Two horses were positive 47 for Anaplasma phagocytophilum .This is the first published record of A phagocytophilum 48 DNA to be detected in horses in the United States using the reverse line blot 49 hybridization process. This technique is useful for large scale epidemiological screening 50 and detection of several tick-transmitted haemopathogens simultaneously in animals with 51 vague clinical signs of disease.


Assuntos
Animais , Zoonoses , Cavalos , Carrapatos , Anaplasma phagocytophilum
2.
Ann N Y Acad Sci ; 791: 166-71, July 23, 1996.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-2984

RESUMO

Although Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana share borders and climatic and geographic similarities, the countries have maintained little contact, due to language, political, and administrative differences. In 1993, two international organizations involved in the improvement of animal health, the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) and CIRAD-EMVT (Centre de Cooperation en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developement-Elevage et Medicine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux), jointly developed a collaborative project between the veterinary services of the three countries entitled Hemoparsite Network of the Guianas. This project seeks to pool livestock, laboratory, and technical resources between the three countries in order to generate and exchange information on hemoparasites of livestock. A Hemoparasite Reference Laboratory for the Guianas has been created at the CIRAD-EMVT laboratory in Cayenne, French Guiana. Besides processing ruminant serum samples for the three countries, specialists from this organization conduct training in hemoparasite diagnostic techniques for laboratory personnel from Guyana and Suriname. A large-scale epidemiologic study of cattle in the three countries is under way, to determine the prevalence, distribution, and clinical and economic significance of hemoparasites in the three countries, particularly Trypanosoma vivax and T. envansi. Preliminary results are presented and discussed. A hemoparasite information Network (TRYPNET) has been initiated, including a quarterly hemoparasite newsletter (TRYPNEWS), published in English and Spanish and disseminated to researchers in the Americas, Europe, and Africa. In 1995/96, it is proposed to expand the network's scope to include Venezuela and Brazil. (AU)


Assuntos
Bovinos , 21003 , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Doenças Parasitárias/veterinária , Matadouros , Anaplasmose/epidemiologia , Demografia , Cooperação Internacional , Suriname , Carrapatos , Trypanosoma vivax , Tripanossomíase/epidemiologia , Tripanossomíase/veterinária , Tripanossomíase Africana/epidemiologia , Tripanossomíase Africana/veterinária , Guiana Francesa
3.
Phytochemistry ; 40(2): 735-38, Oct. 1995.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-4589

RESUMO

The novel assingment of 13C and 1HNMR data for cadina-4,10(15)-dien-3-one obtained from Hyptis verticillata is presented. The study revealed that cadina-4,10(15)-dien-3-one possesses chemosterilant activities against the economically important cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, and toxic action against adult Cylas formicarius the most destructive pest of sweet potato (I pomoea sp.) (AU)


Assuntos
21003 , Feminino , Masculino , Besouros , Inseticidas , Naftalenos/química , Carrapatos , Isótopos de Carbono , Bovinos , Hidrogênio , Estrutura Molecular , Naftalenos/isolamento & purificação , Naftalenos/toxicidade , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Plantas
4.
Vet Parasitol ; 57(1-3): 167-76, Mar. 1995.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-4731

RESUMO

The most important ticks transmitting diseases to ruminants in the Caribbean islands are: Amblyomma variegatum, vector of cowdriosis and associated with acute dermatophilosis: Amblyomma cajennense, potential vector of cowdriosis; Boophilus microplus, vector of babesiosis and anaplasmosis. At the present time, Amblyomma variegatum is widespread in the Lesser Antilles from Barbados to Puerto Rico. The inensity of the tick control program varies in the different islands and the tick infestation in each island ranges from limited foci to widespread infestations. The vector situation appeared stable since 1988 in the Lesser Antilles but the outbreak in 1992 in Puerto Rico emphasized the risk of spread to other islands and to the American mainland, particularly with cattle egrets. Cowdriosis remains apparently limited to Guadeloupe and Antigua. Amblyomma cajennense, experimental vector of cowdriosis, is present in Cuba, Jamaica and Trinidad but also in most American countries. Boophilus microplus is widespread throughout the Caribbean. Its presence and importance are often indirectly estimated by the clinical and serological diagnosis of babesiosis and anaplasmosis. There is no correlation between the intensity of Amblyomma variegatum control in each island of the Lesser Antilles and the effect on the Boophilus microplus population measured by the seroprevalence to babesiosis and anaplasmosis, but within the island of Martinique a regular Amblyomma variegatum control decreases the seroprevalences to babesiosis and anaplasmosis (AU)


Assuntos
21003 , Anaplasmose/transmissão , Babesiose/transmissão , Infecções por Rickettsiaceae/veterinária , Controle de Ácaros e Carrapatos , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/veterinária , Anaplasmose/epidemiologia , Babesiose/epidemiologia , Ehrlichia ruminantium , Insetos Vetores , Infecções por Rickettsiaceae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rickettsiaceae/transmissão , Ruminantes , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/transmissão , Carrapatos , Região do Caribe
5.
J Vet Med ; 38(8): 635-8, Oct. 1991.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-15951

RESUMO

Cattle, horses, sheep and goats in all areas of St. Lucia were examined to ascertain the prevalence and distribution of streptothricosis on the island and to investigate its association with the occurrence of Amblyomma variegatum ticks. Although the disease was found to occur throughout St. Lucia it was more prevalent and generally of a more severe form in areas where A. variegatum ticks are present. A tick control programme in the north of the island appeared to have resulted in a dramatic reduction in the prevalence of the disease. (AU)


Assuntos
21003 , Actinomycetales/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Actinomycetales/veterinária , Animais Domésticos , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/veterinária , Carrapatos/microbiologia , Infecções por Actinomycetales/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Cabras , Cavalos , Ovinos , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/epidemiologia , Índias Ocidentais/epidemiologia
6.
J Vet Med B ; 36(4): 249-49, June 1989.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-8231

RESUMO

The association between the occurrence of Amblyomma variegatum ticks and streptothricosis was higher on animals having A. variegatum ticks compared to that of animals not infested with A. variegatum ticks. There was a steady increase in the prevalence of severe lesions as the level of infestation with adult A. variegatum ticks increased. However the distribution of skin lesions could not be related to the predilection feeding sites of adult A. variegatum ticks (Summary)


Assuntos
21003 , Infecções por Actinomycetales/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/transmissão , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/veterinária , Carrapatos/microbiologia , Actinomycetales/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Actinomycetales/transmissão , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Antígua e Barbuda , Bovinos , Estações do Ano , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/transmissão
7.
Bull Entomol Res ; 69: 87-91, 1979.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-8781

RESUMO

A study was made of the seasonal variation in population density of larvae of Boophilus microplus (Can.) in four locations in Jamaican pastures where the mean annual precipitation ranged from 59 to 222 cm. Variations in popualation density were related to rainfall. Generally, four months of heavy rains in August to November preceded singnificant increases in B. microplus populations in December to February, This was followed by a reduction then another slight increase, resulting in a bimodal pattern of activity. Although populations fell to very low levels by the end of the dry season, only in one focus were they depleted to undetectable levels.(AU)


Assuntos
21003 , Estações do Ano , Densidade Demográfica , Carrapatos , Jamaica , Chuva
11.
Ann Trop Med Parasitol ; 69(1): 121-9, Mar. 1975.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-14380

RESUMO

The distribution in Trinidad of the tick Amblyomma cajennense is defined, and the methods used to determine the boundaries of the infested areas are outlined. The relationships between the climate, vegetation and husbandry methods and the distribution of the tick are described. Monthly tick collections from specific animals to determine exact seasonal variations were not possible but a study was made of the normal life cycle under laboratory conditions, the results being used to assist in interpreting the field picture and formulating methods of control. Possible systems of control are outlined and mention is made of the feasibility of eradication of the species in Trinidad (Summary)


Assuntos
21003 , Controle de Ácaros e Carrapatos , Carrapatos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ecologia , Geografia , Estações do Ano , Trinidad e Tobago
12.
J Mammal ; 54(4): 875-86, 14 Dec. 1973. tab
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-2635

RESUMO

This study deals with ecology of two rodents, Proechimys guyannenis trinitatis and Oryzomys capito velutinus, repersenting nearly 70 per cent of the mammals captured in Turure Forest, Trinidad. Maximum population densities of each species were 5.5 and 9.2 animals per acre, respectively; mean values computed for each home range were 0.425 and 1.012 acres, respectively. Marked individuals of Proechimys have been retrapped for 20 months and others were kept in the laboratory for 3.5 years. O. c. velutinus may live up to 28 months in captivity but individuals caught in the wild have not been retrapped for longer than 12 months. Sex ratios, laboratory breeding, mortality due to laboratory processing and transportation, cutaneous parasites, and the haemoparasites of these two small mammals are discussed. (AU)


Assuntos
21003 , Roedores , Carrapatos , Vetores de Doenças , Trinidad e Tobago
13.
J Mammal ; 54(4): 875-85, 1973.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-9401

RESUMO

This study deals with ecology of two rodents, Proechimys guyannenis trinitatis and Oryzomys capito velutinus, repersenting nearly 70 per cent of the mammals captured in Turure Forest, Trinidad. Maximum population densities of each species were 5.5 and 9.2 animals per acre, respectively; mean values computed for each home range were 0.425 and 1.012 acres, respectively. Marked individuals of Proechimys have been retrapped for 20 months and others were kept in the laboratory for 3.5 years. O. c. velutinus may live up to 28 months in captivity but individuals caught in the wild have not been retrapped for longer than 12 months. Sex ratios, laboratory breeding, mortality due to laboratory processing and transportation, cutaneous parasites, and the haemoparasites of these two small mammals are discussed. (AU)


Assuntos
Roedores , Carrapatos , Vetores de Doenças , Trinidad e Tobago
14.
J Med Entomol ; 5(4): 501-3, Oct. 1968.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-9387

RESUMO

Fifteen strains of Hughes virus were isolated from Soldado Rock, Trinidad, between 1962 and 1965. Seven isolates came from ticks of the Ornithodoros capensis complex and 8 from nestling birds, Sterna fuscata.(AU)


Assuntos
21003 , Arbovírus/isolamento & purificação , Aves , Carrapatos , Trinidad e Tobago
15.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 17(2): 253-68, Mar. 1968.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-12447

RESUMO

Bush Bush Forest entomologic investigations were concered mainly with mosquitoes, the most conspicuous element of the bloodsucking arthropod fauna. More than 92 species were demonstrated, but only about two dozen were common. Mosquitoes were studied in relation to thier physical environment, seasonal activity, diel activity, horizontal stratifaction in the forest, food preferences, and larval habitats. Large numbers were collected for virus studies. Other groups investigated were phlebotomine flies (10 species), Culicoides flies (10 species), horseflies (18 species), Cuterebridae (one species), sucking lice (four species), fleas (one species), ticks (nine species), and various mites including 15 species of trombiculid. (AU)


Assuntos
21003 , Arbovírus , Vetores Artrópodes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Culicidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Adaptação Biológica , Aedes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Anopheles/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Culex/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dieta , Dípteros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ecologia , Meio Ambiente , Camundongos , Ácaros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Culicidae/classificação , Estações do Ano , Carrapatos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Trinidad e Tobago
16.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 17(2): 237-52, Mar. 1968.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-12448

RESUMO

The field program of the Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory in Bush Bush Forest included studies in which arboviruses (their prevalence and epidemiology) were the chief interest and also studies on the biology of the arthropods and vertebrates possibly associated with arbovirus cycles. The techniques used included the exposure of sentinel animals, trapping and bleeding of small mammals and reptiles, netting and bleeding of birds, collection of bloodsucking arthropods, and observations on the diel- and seasonal-activity patterns, food sources, and habitat preferences of the more abundant species of mosquitoes.(AU)


Assuntos
21003 , Arbovírus , Vetores Artrópodes , Aves , Mordeduras e Picadas , Galinhas , Dípteros , Reservatórios de Doenças , Ecologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Lagartos , Mamíferos , Culicidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estações do Ano , Carrapatos , Trinidad e Tobago
17.
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-16629

RESUMO

The study was carried out in order to determine the effective dose of Azadirachta indica as an acaride. From a range of effective doses, nine (9) test doses ranging from zero (0) parts per million to one hundred and fifty parts (150) per million were selected. The test species Boophilus microplus was subjected to a standard bioassay. A dose response curve was plotted of percentage mortality of B. microplus against logarithmic dosage of A indica. The lethal dose, LD50 and LD100 were also determined. The LD50 was 30.20 parts per million and LD100 was found to lie between 80 and 100 parts per million. Regression analysis was performed to verify correlation of data. The data proved to be linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.89. The results of this study indicate that when the dose required to achieve 50 percent mortality is compared to average yield of A. indica bark extract obtained in previous studies (Maharaj et al 2003), the extract appears to be feasible with respect to production for use as a prospective pesticide. This is an important point for consideration as the failure in the commercialization of many plant products is often due to the yields being too low. The bark extract of Azadirachta indica has thus far proven to be worthy of consideration for further development as a phytoacaricide (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Plantas Medicinais , Azadirachta , Carrapatos/efeitos dos fármacos , Carrapatos/parasitologia , Carrapatos/química , Trinidad e Tobago , Uso de Praguicidas/administração & dosagem
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