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1.
St. Augustine; CARAPA & CHBA; Jan. 2006. iii,122 p. ilus, tab, gra.(International Workshop on Herbal Medicine in the Caribbean).
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-17131

RESUMO

The conference was the second in the series on "Advancing Caribbean herbs in the 21st Century". It was organised as the 7th workshop held since 1998 by the Caribbean Association of Researchers and Herbal Practitioners (CARAPA). It was held in conjunction with the 2nd Annual General Meeting and Display of Exhibits of the Caribbean Herbal Business Association (CHBA), with much support from the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA)


Assuntos
Humanos , Medicina Herbária/classificação , Região do Caribe , Plantas/efeitos adversos , Plantas/química , Plantas Medicinais/efeitos adversos , Plantas Medicinais/química , Plantas Medicinais/efeitos dos fármacos
2.
West Indian med. j ; 50(suppl 7): 34, Dec. 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-60

RESUMO

Water extracts from the fruit of the coraili plant, Mormordica charantia, have been reported to have hypoglycaemic effect. The fruit of this plant is eaten as a vegetable by man. Significant lowering of blood glucose levels has been observed following the oral administration of coraili fruit extracts. However, some authors have shown that there are no beneficial hypoglycaemic effect from fruit extracts. In this experiment, water extract of the entire coraili fruit was administered orally to alloxan-diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats ad libitum for 7 hours. The rats were placed on normal diet during the experiment. Results showed that 7 hours after the administration of this extract, blood glucose levels dropped significantly. It was also observed that, 7 hours after the discontinuation of the administration of the extract in alloxan-diabetic rats, blood glucose levels rose close to the pre-administration levels. The implications of these findings will be discussed. (AU)


Assuntos
21003 , Ratos , Plantas/uso terapêutico , Glicemia/análise , Diabetes Mellitus/dietoterapia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley/metabolismo
3.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-17766

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ethnomedicines are used by hunters for themselves and their hunting dogs in Trinidad. Plants are used for snakebites, scorpion stings, for injuries and mange of dogs and to facilitate hunting success. RESULTS: Plants used include Piper hispidum, Pithecelobium unguis-cati, Bauhinia excisa, Bauhinia cumanensis, Cecropia peltata, Aframomum melegueta, Aristolochia rugosa, Aristolochia trilobata, Jatropha curcas, Jatropha gossypifolia, Nicotiana tabacum, Vernonia scorpioides, Petiveria alliacea, Renealmia alpinia, Justicia secunda, Phyllanthus urinaria,Phyllanthus niruri,Momordica charantia, Xiphidium caeruleum, Ottonia ovata, Lepianthes peltata, Capsicum frutescens, Costus scaber, Dendropanax arboreus, Siparuma guianensis, Syngonium podophyllum, Monstera dubia, Solanum species, Eclipta prostrata, Spiranthes acaulis, Croton gossypifolius, Barleria lupulina, Cola nitida, Acrocomia ierensis (tentative ID). CONCLUSION: Plant use is based on odour, and plant morphological characteristics and is embedded in a complex cultural context based on indigenous Amerindian beliefs. It is suggested that the medicinal plants exerted a physiological action on the hunter or his dog. Some of the plants mentioned contain chemicals that may explain the ethnomedicinal and ethnoveterinary use. For instance some of the plants influence the immune system or are effective against internal and external parasites. Plant baths may contribute to the health and well being of the hunting dogs.


Assuntos
Cães , Animais , Humanos , Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't , Picaduras de Aranhas/tratamento farmacológico , Mordeduras e Picadas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Medicina Tradicional , Infestações por Ácaros/veterinária , Doenças dos Macacos/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia/métodos , Plantas/classificação , Escorpiões , Mordeduras de Serpentes/tratamento farmacológico , Trinidad e Tobago , Ferimentos e Lesões/veterinária , Febre Amarela/tratamento farmacológico , Febre Amarela/veterinária
4.
Syst Appl Microbiol ; 22(3): 426-33, Sept. 1999.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-722

RESUMO

Seimatoantlerium gen. nov., type species, S.tepuiense sp. nov. is proposed for an acervular fungus producing 4-septate, holobastic conidia with 6-8 unbranched, apical appendages that dehisce as an appendage apparatus and also commonly possessing one or two exogenous basal appendages as well as a pedicel. It is compared with Seimatosporium, Seimatosporiopsis, and other genera. It is epiphytic on Maguireothamnus speciosus, a rubiaceous plant endemic to the tepuis of southeastern Venezuela. It produces the anti-oomycetous anticancer compound, taxol, as shown by immunological and spectroscopic methods. Taxol production is discussed relative to the ability of this fungus to exist in an extremely moist ecosystem, as well as to its relationship to other plant associated fungi. (AU)


Assuntos
Paclitaxel/isolamento & purificação , Fungos Mitospóricos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Plantas/microbiologia , Cromatografia em Camada Delgada , Ecologia , Fungos Mitospóricos/citologia , Fungos Mitospóricos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Espectrometria de Massas
5.
J AOAC Int ; 82(4): 991-5, July-Aug. 1999.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-1324

RESUMO

The twin-island state of Trinidad and Tobago produces much of the fresh fruit and vegetables consumed locally, although some are exported to Europe and North America. On average, approximately 1500 tons of pesticides are imported annually, of which about 10-15 percent are organophosphates. A survey of local farmers revealed that a wide range of pesticides are used and that the same pesticides are used on several crops to control different pests. Application rates exceeding manufacturers' recommendations are also common, as is the disregard of recommended preharvest intervals after pesticide application. Paredial larceny and subsequent sale of freshly sprayed crops also contribute to the risks posed to consumers by pesticide residues. A market basket survey of produce conducted between October 1996 and May 1997 in Trinidad for organophosphate pesticide showed that 10 percent of produce exceeded the internationally acceptable maximum residue limits (MRLs) for the respective pesticides. Celery constituted 6.5 percent of all such samples, with over 83 percent of celery samples exceeding the MRL. Organophosphate pesticides detected were methamidophos, triazophos, prophenofos, diazinon, ethion, pirimiphos methyl, malathion, and dimethoate, with the first 4 comprehensive monitoring and control of pesticides on produce by local regulatory agencies, especially because the above data relate only to one class of pesticides. The education of farmers on safe operating practices regarding pesticide application and observation of recommended preharvest intervals for applied pesticide is also required.(AU)


Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos , Inseticidas Organofosforados/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Plantas/química , Cromatografia Gasosa/métodos , Trinidad e Tobago
8.
Kingston; Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute; 19970400. 1-3 p. (Nyam News, 1).
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-18338

RESUMO

The current wave of public interest which centres on the role of herbals in the daily diet brings to mind the adage "belief kills and belief cures". While many consumers will attest to the effectiveness of some herbal medications, many health professionals still feel that the effects are all in the mind. But what is the true story? How useful are herbals and do foods actually have medicinal properties?


Assuntos
Humanos , Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas/imunologia
9.
West Indian med. j ; 46(1(Suppl.1)): 31, Feb. - Mar. 1997.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-2401

RESUMO

Few studies have investigated the role of fruit and vegetable consumption in the aetiology of NIDDM. This study was underaken to investigate the association between salad and fruit consumption and glucose intolerance. 1122 subjects aged 40-60 years in a population-based cross-sectional study underwent an oral glucose tolerance test between 1990 amd 1992. Diet was assesses using the "Health and Lifestyle Survey" food frequency questionnaire. The crude prevalence of underdiagnosed diabetes mellitus was 4.5 percent and IGT 16.8 percent. Abnormal glucose tolerance was positively associated with age, obesity, family history of diabetes, and socioeconomic groups. High consumption of salads in winter (OR = 0.29, 95 percent CI=0.09-0.95) and summer (OR=0.40, 95 percent CI=0.22-0.74) was inversely associated with the risk of having NIDDM. This association was maintained after adjustment for age, sex and family history. A non-significant inverse association between high comsumption of fruit and NIDDM (summer OR=0.55, 95 percent CI=0.29-1.06); winter OR=0.56 95 percent CI=0.31-1.01) was observed. Whether the association between high frequency of consumption of salads ad NIDDM represents a causal relationship or if salad comsumption is a marker of a "health lifestyle" remains to be elucidated. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diabetes Mellitus , Plantas , Frutas
11.
Phytochemistry ; 40(2): 735-38, Oct. 1995.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-4589

RESUMO

The novel assingment of 13C and 1HNMR data for cadina-4,10(15)-dien-3-one obtained from Hyptis verticillata is presented. The study revealed that cadina-4,10(15)-dien-3-one possesses chemosterilant activities against the economically important cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, and toxic action against adult Cylas formicarius the most destructive pest of sweet potato (I pomoea sp.) (AU)


Assuntos
21003 , Feminino , Masculino , Besouros , Inseticidas , Naftalenos/química , Carrapatos , Isótopos de Carbono , Bovinos , Hidrogênio , Estrutura Molecular , Naftalenos/isolamento & purificação , Naftalenos/toxicidade , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Plantas
12.
Parassitologia ; 36: 175-95, 1994.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-3604

RESUMO

The article analyses the evolution of knowledge and rationale of control of a special case of malaria transmission based on Bromelia-Kerteszia complex. Since bromeliaceae function as a 'host of the carrier' and were previously associated with natural forests, the elucidation of bromeliad malaria historically elicited controversies concerning the imputation of Kerteszaie as transmitters as well as over control strategies directed to bromelia eradication (manual removal, herbicides and deforestation), use of insecticides and chemoprophylaxis. Established authority, disciplinary traditions, conceptual premises and contemporary criteria for validating knowledge in the field partly explain the long time gap since Adolpho Lutz announced as the beginning of the century the existence of a new mosquito and breeding site as responsible for a 'forest malaria' epidemic occurring at a high altitude. The article brings attention to how economic, political and institutional determinants played an important role in redefining studies that led both in Trinidad and Brazil to the recognition of the importance of kerteszia transmission, including urban areas, and establishing new approaches to its study, most relevant of all the concurrence of broad ecological research. The article then describes the Brazilian campaign strategies which showed significant short-term results but had to wait four decades to achieve the goal of eradication due to the peculiar characteristics of this pathogenic complex. Finally, it brings attention to the importance of encompassing social values and discourses, in this case, environmental preservation, to understanding historical trends of malaria control programs(AU)


Assuntos
21003 , HISTORY OF MEDICINE, 20TH CENT , Humanos , Culicidae/parasitologia , Malária/história , Plantas/parasitologia , Anopheles/parasitologia , Brasil , Ecologia , Malária/prevenção & controle , Malária/transmissão , Trinidad e Tobago
13.
Cajanus ; 26(3): 146-75, 1993. tab
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-8232
16.
Arch Latinoam Nutr ; 29(3): 311-25, Sept. 1979.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-7866

RESUMO

The competition between cereals and root crops as CARICOM staples is described. The move to substitute locally grown food for imported wheat is shown to favor root crop development in the region. Against this background, traditional nutrition-promoted objections to wheat substitution by root crops are examined. Evidence is cited to show the essential adequacy of protein in root crops, except platain and cassava and for all humans except perhaps some infants. The low protein in cassava and plantain, it is proposed, can be easily overcome in the process of local root crop development. Finally, it is argued that there exists the potential to obtain cheap calories from root crops. This and the generation of economic activity among small farmers, concomitant with root crop development, are seen as possible indicators of good nutrition for the region in the future


Assuntos
Grão Comestível , Dieta , Abastecimento de Alimentos/economia , Plantas , Ingestão de Energia , Proteínas na Dieta/normas , Farinha/provisão & distribuição , Guiana , Valor Nutritivo , Oryza/provisão & distribuição , Triticum/provisão & distribuição , Índias Ocidentais
18.
Anon.
Cajanus ; 8(2): 102-3, Apr. 1975.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-11910
20.
Exp Pathol ; 6(1): 55-8, 1972.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-15806

RESUMO

Hypoglycin B, a toxic hypoglycaemic constituent contained in the seed of the plant, Blighia sapida, is highly teratogenic in the rat when administering intra-amniotically on day 14 of gestation. Major foetal abnormalities comprise malformations of the cranio-facial region and of the limbs. (summary)


Assuntos
Ratos , 21003 , Feminino , Anormalidades Induzidas por Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Feto/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Nozes , Propionatos/efeitos adversos , Aminoácidos/administração & dosagem , Aminoácidos/efeitos adversos , Âmnio/efeitos dos fármacos , Feto/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Plantas , Gravidez , Propionatos/administração & dosagem
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