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1.
West Indian med. j ; 50(3): 198-202, Sept. 2001. tab
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-302

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and to assess the efficacy of a single one gram oral dose of azithromycin under direct observed therapy of genital discharge due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in STD clinic attenders in Trinidad and Tobago. All patients with genital discharge and their contacts were given one gram oral dose of azithromycin under direct supervision after collection of urethral and cervical swabs for N gonorrhoeae culture and smear and for C trachomatis antigen detection by ELISA. Clinical and microbiological evaluation was done on those who returned after 7 to 10 days for follow up. Of the 735 patients who were enrolled in the study, 319 (43.4 percent) had N gonorrhoeae and 100 (13.6 percent) had C trachomatis. Only 151 (36 percent) of the 419 patients with a pathogeneic isolate returned for clinical and microbiological assessment. The remaining 268 (64 percent) of the 419 patients were lost to follow up. One hundred and forty three patients (94.7 percent) had total abatement of signs and symptoms after taking azithromycin. One patient (0.65 percent), who had both N gonorrhoeae and C trachomatis, improved clinically with the drug. Seven patients (six with N gonorrhoeae and one with C trachomatis) failed to respond clinically to azithromycin. Microbiological eradication was achieved in 115 (100 percent) patients who had single infection with N gonorrhoeae and in 23 patients (96 percent) with C trachomatis infections, N gonorrhoeae and C trachomatis were eradicated in 10 and 12 patients, respectively, after initial treatment. In two patients with combined infection, N gonorrhoeae continued to be isolated after treatment with azithromycin. A single one gram oral dose of azithromycin under direct supervision is useful in the treatment of uncomplicated genital infection with N gonorrhoeae and C trachomatis in STD clinic attenders in Trinidad. (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Adolescente , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gonorreia/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Chlamydia/tratamento farmacológico , Azitromicina/administração & dosagem , /administração & dosagem , Chlamydia trachomatis/efeitos dos fármacos , Cooperação do Paciente , Doenças Bacterianas Sexualmente Transmissíveis/tratamento farmacológico , Trinidad e Tobago/epidemiologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/efeitos dos fármacos , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Doenças Bacterianas Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia
2.
West Indian med. j ; 49(suppl. 2): 64, Apr. 2000.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-876

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate, age group and occupation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection among male STD clinic attenders with uretheral discharge. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between April and July 1996 a convenient sample of 100 consecutive males with urethral discharge were prospectively tested for N gonorrhoeae by the gram staining technique. Cases were seen for the first time at the STD/HIV clinic, Georgetown Hospital, Guyana. RESULTS: 71/100 cases tested positive for N gonorrhoeae to give a rate of 71 percent, 95 percent confidence interval (0.63 - 0.83). Forty-nine per cent (49 percent) (35/71) of cases were in the 20-29 year age group, 20 percent (14/71) in the 11-19-year age group and 18 percent (13/71) in the 30-39 year age group. Among infected cases the youngest was 3 years and the oldest 70 years confidence interval of the mean age was (22.4-30.6). The rate of infection among security officers was 100 percent (6/6), vendors 83 percent (5/8), labourers 56 percent (10/18) and carpenters 43 percent (3/7). CONCLUSIONS: Targeting persons in these susceptible occupations and age groups for preventative and curative care will improve efficiency of such care.(AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Gonorreia/epidemiologia , Guiana/epidemiologia , Coleta de Dados
3.
West Indian med. j ; 49(Suppl 2): 46, Apr. 2000.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-932

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence and determinants of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections among asymptomatic women and men in Curacao. DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional population-based study. Urine samples (n=579) were collected from Antillean people, > 18 years, randomly selected from participants of a 1994 population survey (the Curacao Health Study, n=2,248). For the detection of CT and Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam. RESULTS: CT and NG infections were found in 6.1 percent and 1.0 percent of samples, respectively. Concomitant CT and NG infection did not occur. Most CT infections were found in persons <44 years of age, the highest prevalence was found in the 18-24 year age group, 17.4 percent (13/75). In contrast, most NG infections were found in persons >44 years. CT infection, but not NG infection, was correlated with indices of low socio-economic status. Multiple regression confirmed the association of CT infection with age and socio-economic class. CONCLUSION: In Curacao, CT and NG infections are not epidemiologically linked. CT infection is highly prevalent and calls for a screening-intervention model based on prevalence and risk factors. (Au)


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Infecções por Chlamydia/epidemiologia , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolamento & purificação , Gonorreia/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Antilhas Holandesas/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Classe Social , Coleta de Dados
4.
Int J STD AIDS ; 11(3): 187-90, Mar. 2000. tab
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-549

RESUMO

To determine the contribution of Chlamydia trachomatis to non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in men attending sexually transmitted (STD) clinics in Jamaica, we studied men with NGU (n=339), and control groups including asymptomatic men who were STD contacts (n=61), asymptomatic men who were not STD contacts (n=32) and men with gonococcal urethritis (GU) (n=61). Urethral specimens were examined for C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Serological tests for syphillis (STS) and HIV-1 infection were also performed. C. trachomatis accounted for 63 percent of cases of NGU but high prevalence of C. trachomatis in men with GU differed significantly from that in men with NGU and asymptomatic STD non-contacts (P<0.05). C. trachomatis infection in men with NGU was associated with multiple sex partners (71 percent vs 58 percent; x2=4.78; odds ratio OR=1.76; P<0.05) and previous history of gonococcal infection (83 percent vs 42 percent; x2=59.8; OR=6.8; P<0.0001). Concomitant infection with HIV-1 occured in 5.2 percent of cases of NGU and 50 percent and 90 percent, respectively, of the HIV-positive men had chlamydia or reactive STS. As a cost effective strategy in the control of STD and HIV we recommend presumptive treatment for C. trachomatis in men seeking STD treatment in Jamaica.(Au)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Chlamydia trachomatis/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Chlamydia/epidemiologia , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle , HIV-1 , Uretrite/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Gonorreia/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Manejo de Espécimes , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Uretrite/complicações , Uretrite/microbiologia
5.
Sex Transm Infect ; 75(1): 60-6, Feb. 1999.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-1386

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To examine the epidemiology of the tetM gene in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains with high level resistance to tetracycline (TRNG) using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. METHODS: A single tube PCR was developed which distinguishes between the American and Dutch variants of the tetM gene. Between 1988 and 1995, 518 strains of TRNG (tetracycline MIC > 8.mg/1) were referred to the Gonococcus Reference Unit by other laboratories or isolated from routine swabs taken at local clinics. The strains were analysed for plasmid content, auxotype, serovar, and the tetM gene type. Travel details of the patients were determined by a questionnaire. RESULTS: A PCR product was obtained from all TRNG examined. 387 TRNG strains produced a 443 by PCR product (American type tetM) and 131 produced a 443 by PCR product (Dutch type tetM). Infections acquired in the United Kingdom contributed 57 percent of the TRNG strains included in this study; 82 percent of these carried the American type of tetM. The number of UK acquired TRNG received by the GRU increased each year except 1993--from four strains received in 1990 to 92 in 1995. After the United Kingdom, Caribbean and African countries contributed most strains, with 56 and 60 TRNG acquired in each area respectively. All strains originating in Africa, except one from South Africa, contained the American type tetM. Infections caught in Nigeria and Kenya contributed most strains (15 and 14 respectively). The TRNG originating from Caribbean countries comprised 36 percent Dutch tetM type. Infections caught in Jamaica accounted for 82 percent of the Caribbean strains. All 35 TNG strains originating in the Far East contained the Dutch type tetM. 25 of the Far East strains were also penicillinase producing (PPNG). Infections originating in Indonesia accounted for 49 percent of the Far East strains but these belonged to 12 different auxotype/serovar combinations. A geographical variation in the type of penicillinase coding plasmids found in PPNG/TRNG was also detected. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the Dutch type tetM may have originated in the Far East and the American type in the African continent. Subsequent spread has resulted in a heterogeneous distribution of TRNG types in other parts of the world.(Au)


Assuntos
Humanos , Resistência a Tetraciclina/genética , Gonorreia/genética , Gonorreia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Genótipo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Saúde Global , Gonorreia/epidemiologia
6.
In. United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospitals; King's College School of Medicine & Dentistry of King's College, London; University of the West Indies. Center for Caribbean Medicine. Research day and poster display. s.l, s.n, Jun. 30, 1997. p.1.
Não convencional em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-776

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Very little is known about local variations in the distribution of sexually transmitted infections in Great Britain. In the United States of America, rates of gonorrhoea are approximately ten times higher amongst African-Americans than whites. This study was designed to estimate population-based incidence rates of gonorrhoea in an inner London area and to examine their relationship with age, ethnic group and socioeconomic deprivation. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Eleven Departments of Genitourinary Medicine in South and Central London. SUBJECTS: 1,978 first episodes of gonorrhoea diagnosed in 1994 and 1995 in residents of 73 electoral wards in the boroughs of Lambeth Southwark and Lewisham who attended any of the Departments of Genitourinary Medicine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age-, sex- and ethnic-specific rates of gonorrhoea per 100,000 population aged 15 - 59 years per year. Rate ratios (95 percent confidence intervals) for the effects of age and ethnic group on gonorrhoea rates on women and men, before and after adjustment for confounding factors. RESULTS: Overall incidence rates of gonorrhoea in residents of Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham were 138.3 per 100,000 per year for women and 291.9 per 100,000 per year for men aged 15-59 years. Inconsistencies in the coding of ethnicity, race, or nationality between Departments meant that cases in those from all black minority ethnic groups had to be considered in a single category. At all ages gonorrhoea rates were higher in members of black than white ethnic groups. After taking deprivation score and age into account women from black minority groups were 10.5 (8.6 - 12.8) times as likely and men 11.0 (9.7 - 12.6) times as likely as whites to experience gonorrhoea. Rate ratios for the effect of age, adjusted for ethnic group and privilege, were 15.2 (11.6 - 19.7) for women and 2.0 (1.7 - 2.5) for men aged 15 -19 years compared to those over 30 years. CONCLUSIONS: Gonorrhoea rates on Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham in 1994-95 were six to seven times higher than for England and Wales one year earlier. The presentation of national trends thus hides the disproportionate contribution of ongoing endemic transmission in this area. Teenage women and young adult men, particularly those from black minority ethnic groups were the most heavily affected, even after socioeconomic underprivilege is taken into account. (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Adolescente , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Gonorreia/epidemiologia , Etnicidade , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Londres , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Etários , Fatores Sexuais
7.
WEST INDIAN MED. J ; 46(suppl. 2): 42, Apr. 1997.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-2447

RESUMO

An open, non-randomized and non-comparative clinical study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of a single gram dose of azithromycin under supervision in patients with uncomplicated genital discharge and contacts of known STD cases. 151/435 patients (36 percent) with +ve culture for N. gonorrhoeae and antigen +ve for C. trachomatis by ELISA were available for evaluation of azithromycin. There were 119 males (median age 28 years) and 32 females (median age 23 years). Clinical cure was achieved in 95 percent of patients. Bacteriological eradication of N. gonorrhoeae was achieved in all patients with a single infection (115) and in 5/12 with dual infection with C. trachomatis 7 patients had persistence N. gonorrhoeae (5 smear positive and two culture positive) and were subsequently treated with spectinomycin C. trachomatis was eradicated in 23/24 (96 percent) patients with single, and 100 percent patients with mixed, infection during a follow-up assessment with repeat ELISA tests. No patients receiving oral azithromycin reported side effects. This study showed that a single one gram oral dose of azithromycin under supervision is effective in the syndromic management of genital discharge due to N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatsis. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Azitromicina/administração & dosagem , Gonorreia/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Chlamydia/tratamento farmacológico , Trinidad e Tobago
8.
Kingston; s.n; 1996. viii,54 p. tab, graphs.
Tese em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-2929

RESUMO

The study was conducted among 195 fourth form students between the ages 13 and 17 years old in four secondary schools, one all girls, one all boys and two coed, in Kingston. The study was designed to investigate the differences in knowledge, sexual attitudes and practises between two groups of fourth form high school students, one of which had acquired specific formal haealth education and the other which had not done so and also based on their socialization in schools coed vs. segregated schools. Regarding syphilis 7.2 percent of the participants had never heard about the disease and 4.1 percent had never heard about gonorrhea. Based on health education status, regarding knowledge there was no significant difference between the two groups (t=1.72, p < 0.087, df=192). Regarding attitudes, t-test was statistically significant (t=3.47, p=0.000646, df=192). Attitudes of students based on their socialization in schools, coed vs single sex, t-test was statistically significant (t=2.92, p=0.003889, df=192). Regarding sex, of 189 respondents, 51.9 percent had had sex, 38.8 percent said they always used condoms, 43.9 percent used condoms sometimes and 17.3 percent had never used a condom. Regarding safe sexual practices, there was a significant statistical difference between the two groups of students based on health eduaction status and based on socialization in school. Sexual practices of respondents based on health education status, chi-squared was significant (chi-squared + 60.43, p < 0.0000001, df=2), based on socilization in schools chi-squared was significant, (chi-squared=90.997, p < 0.0000001, df=6). There was a strong statistically significant association betwen health education, socialization in schools and safe sexual practices. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Masculino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Gonorreia/epidemiologia , Comportamento do Adolescente , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Jamaica , Comportamento Sexual , Educação Sexual
9.
West Indian med. j ; 43(suppl.1): 45, Apr. 1994.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-5366

RESUMO

Treatment of gonorrhoeae is almost invariably accomplished with a single dose regimen, because of the nature of the STD population. A knowledge of gonococcal sensitivities is therefore important, particularly if resistance to the standard treatment regimes occurs. Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae islolated at the Barbados Public Health laboratory are tested routinely for sensitivity to a range of agents by disc diffusion. The compounds tested include penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole and spectinomycin. Since 1990, ceftriaxone, norfloxacin and cefuroxime have been added. In addition, production of the plasmid-mediated á-lactamase was detected using a chromogenic substrate. During the four-year-period 1990 - 1993, sensitivity to penicillin varied between 35 percent and 56 percent. The prevalence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) was high, exceeding 40 percent in 1992 and 1993. During the period of this study, there was a marked increase in the prevalence of resistance to tetracycline and a concomitant increase in sensitivity to co-trimoxazole. Significant in vitro resistance to spectinomycin was encountered. All isolates were sensitive to erythromycin, norfloxacin, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone. These findings emphasise that penicillin or ampicillin are not good choices for empirical therapy of gonorrhoea in Barbados. A á-lactamase stable cephalosporin or a fluoroquinolone should be the drug of choice (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/efeitos dos fármacos , Gonorreia/tratamento farmacológico , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos
10.
West Indian med. j ; 43(suppl.1): 39, Apr. 1994.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-5377

RESUMO

Treatment failures of 20 percent with standard doses of penicillin have been observed in our sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in the treatment of gonorrhoea. A large number of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains (547) from various STD clinics were tested against selected antimicrobials in order to determine the most appropriate alternative treatment regimen. Using an agar dilution technique and testing for the presence of beta-lactamase production, it was determined that less than 1 percent of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains were sensitive to penicillin, 85 percent were moderately sensitive and 15 percent were completely resistant to penicillin. More than 5 percent of the strains produced beta-lactamase. Tetracycline resistance was seen in 57 percent of the strains, and 7.3 percent of the strains were resistant to cefuroxime. There was no resistance to spectinomycin, ceftriaxone or norfloxacin. STD clinics in Trinidad and Tobago can no longer rely on penicillin and tetracycline in the treatment gonorrhoea. Protocols will have to include spectinomycin, ceftriaxone or norfloxacin (AU)


Assuntos
Neisseria gonorrhoeae/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Gonorreia/tratamento farmacológico
11.
Kingston; Oct. 1993. ix,54 p. tab.
Tese em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-8269

RESUMO

This study was conducted on 217 12-17 years old school boys attending two all male traditional high schools. The aim of the study was to determine their knowledge, attitude and practice with regard to sex related matters, including contraception and contraceptive methods. It also identified some of their unmet needs. Knowledge of sex related matters is at a fairly high level. Friend remains the most common source for information on sex related matters. Deeper and wider knowledge of sex related matters is needed by all age groups. AIDS and gonorrhoea are the two best known sexually transmitted diseases. Most of the younger of age group 12-14 was not aware of masturbation, but wet dreams were considered a normal male activity. The condom remains the best method of contraception for male. The condom and the pill are the best known methods of contraception. Multiple partners remains desirable for one third of the study sample. The school teachers are becoming more comfortable with sex related subjects and this augurs well for the younger ones. There is still poor knowledge about the menstrual cycle and this really needs to be addressed as one of the areas for improving the teenage pregnancy rate. The age of first coitus seems to have decreased from 14.3 yrs in the Young Adult Reproductive Health Survey to 11 years in this study. The majority (68 percent) said that abortion was wrong and two thirds of them had a Christian background. The majority (79 percent) agreed that contraception be a decision shared by both partners, and half of them said that they would use contraception with every coitus. Of the group, 27 percent of the 12-14 and 39 percent of the 15-17 were active now.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Sexo , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Comportamento Contraceptivo , Dispositivos Anticoncepcionais , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Gonorreia , Estudos Transversais , Comportamento Sexual
12.
West Indian med. j ; 41(Suppl. 1): 15, Apr. 1992.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-6487

RESUMO

Between November, 1990 and January, 1991, 522 males and 484 females attending the Comprehensive Health Centre in Kingston, Jamaica, for a new STD complaint were assessed for HIV status. Overall prevalence of HIV infection was 3.1 percent (31/1,006). Nineteen of 513 (3.7 percent) heterosexual males, three of five (60 percent) homosexual males and nine of 484 (1.9 percent) females were HIV-infected. On univariate analysis, factors associated with HIV infection in heterosexual males included present complaint of genital ulcer Odds Ratio, (OR) 7.3, CI 1.4,72; past history of genital ulcer OR 4.3, CI 1.4, 12.2, positive MHATP OR 3.4, CI 1.1, 10.1; sex with a prostitute in the past four weeks OR 3.8, CI 1.1, 11.2; three or more sex partners in the four weeks prior to complaint OR 3.6, CI 1.0, 12.0; and bruising during sex OR 4.0, CI 1.4, 13.0, (all OR adjusted for age). On multivariate analysis, independent effects of association for HIV infection in heterosexual males were shown for bruising during sex OR 3.1, CI 1.1, 8.9; positive MHATP OR 3.4, CI 1.1, 10.3, and history of genital ulcer OR 2.6, CI 0.9, 7.4. Among females, there was an association between the following variables and HIV infection: history of "bad blood" (syphilis) OR 6.6, CI 1.4, 30.3, gonorrhoea (culture positive) OR 12.2, CI 2.1, 72, HTLV-I seropositivity OR 6.2, CI 0.9, 32, perception of risk of AIDS (test for trend p = 0.01), history of stillbirth OR 7.6, CI 1.3, 43 and abnormality of the cervix OR 15.3, p = 0.008 (these associations must be interpreted with caution in view of the small number of HIV-infected females). The eight-fold rise in HIV prevalence among STD attenders in 4« years indicates that there are no grounds for complacency concerning the HIV epidemic in Jamaica(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Sífilis , Gonorreia , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia
14.
J Med Assoc Jamaica ; 4(1): 4-7, 1991.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-8017

RESUMO

Acute PID is seen most frequently in young, sexually active women. It occurs more frequently in users of intra-uterine devices, while oral contraceptoves have a protective role. It may be due to multiple organisms but chlamydia and neisseria gonorrhoeae are still seen as the pre-dominant organisims. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings and institution of treatment should not await results of investigations. Early aggressive treatment is necessary to effect cure and decrease subsequent complications. (Summary)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Doença Inflamatória Pélvica , Doenças Bacterianas Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Gonorreia/etiologia , Infecções por Chlamydia , Dispositivos Intrauterinos/efeitos adversos
15.
West Indian med. j ; 37(4): 240-2, Dec. 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-11628

RESUMO

Disseminated gonococcal infection due to penicillin-resistant organisms is very unusual. Two such cases occuring at the University Hospital of the West Indies are described. Implications for therapy are discussed (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Artrite Infecciosa/etiologia , Gonorreia/complicações , Resistência às Penicilinas , Artrite Infecciosa/tratamento farmacológico , Artrite Infecciosa/epidemiologia , Gonorreia/tratamento farmacológico , Gonorreia/epidemiologia , Jamaica
16.
West Indian med. j ; 37(suppl): 42, 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-6590

RESUMO

From August 1985 through January 1986, 123 homosexual or bisexual men from the Kingston area were enrolled in a study to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the human T-lymphotrophic virus type I (HLTV-I) and the levels of risk factors for these infections. Eighteen men (15 percent) were sero-positive for HIV and 11 (9 percent) were sero-positive for HTLV-I. Only one man was positive for both viruses. The median age was 27 years (range 17 to 70). Overall, the level of promiscuity was lower than that reported in studies of homosexual men in the U.S.A. and in Europe. However, almost a third of the men reported having had homosexual encounters with foreign visitors or whilst travelling outside Jamaica. The presence of lymphadenopathy (p<0.05) was higher in HIV sero-positive patients, as was the percentage who reported having sex with men from the U.S.A. (p=0.16). Men who were sero-positive for HTLV-I tended to be more promiscuous than their sero-negative counterparts; the proportion with a history of gonorrhoea and the mean number of homosexual acts per week were both increased (p<0.05). A history of receptive anal intercourse and the mean number of homosexual partners per month were increased in positive subjects but the difference did not reach statistical significance. These results suggest that HTLV-I is an endemic, sexually transmitted infection. In contrast, HIV appears to have entered this population through homosexual contact with foreigners; the lack of association between HIV infection and promiscuity may be due to the small number of positives and the sporadic nature of transmission early in an epidemic (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Infecções por HIV , Infecções por HTLV-I , Homossexualidade Masculina , Jamaica , Soropositividade para HIV , Complexo Relacionado com a AIDS , Gonorreia , Parceiros Sexuais
17.
Port of Spain; Government Printery, Trinidad and Tobago; 1988. 42 p. ilus, tab.(V.D. and Yaws Division annual report, 1988).
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-16998

RESUMO

The Venereal Disease and Yaws Division of the Ministry of Health of Trinidad and Tobago continued to make all possible efforts to reverse the rising trend in the incidence of the common sexually transmitted diseases and to keep the others under control during the year nineteen hundred and eighty eight (1988). The statistics given in this report relate to work done in the STD clinics. The incidence of gonorrhoea showed a slight decline. Four thousand three hundred and seventeen (4,317) cases were diagnosed and treated in 1988 as compared to four thousand five hundred and fifty-one (4,551) cases in 1987, a decrease of two hundred and thirty-four (234) or 5 percent. The rate per 100,000 population decreased from 373.9 in 1987 to 349.4 in 1988


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/história , Trinidad e Tobago , Bouba/epidemiologia , Gonorreia/epidemiologia , Estatística/tendências
18.
Genitourin Med ; 63(6): 365-70, Dec. 1987.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-15910

RESUMO

Of 1400 patients in Jamaica screened for uncomplicated gonorrhoea, 54 percent (753 patients) were culture positive. Of the 459 patients who complied with the terms of the study, 97 percent (211/218) of those treated with ampicillin G were cured compared with 94 percent (227/241) of those treated with ampicillin. Penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains were identified for the first time during the study, and 10 patients infected with PPNG strains (two treated with penicillin, eight with ampicillin) contributed to the 21 treatment failures. The in vitro susceptibility of eight antimicrobial agents for 629 non-PPNG and 20 PPNG strains was estimated. Of the non-PPNG isolates, 8 percent had an Mic of 1mg/1 or more of pencillin, 11 percent were resistant to this concentration of cefuroxime 32 percent to tetracycline, and under 1 percent to the same concentration of cefuroxime and erythromycin. Fever than 2 percent of the isolates were resistant to 2 mg/1 or more thiamphenicol, and all isolates were susceptible to spectinomycin and trimethiprimsulphamethoxazole (at a ratio of 1:19). Significantly more strains from the 21 treatment failures were resistant to penicillin (52 percent) or ampicillin (62 percent) compared with 7 percent strains resistant to pencillin and 4 percent to ampicillin from the successfully treated group.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Ampicilina/uso terapêutico , Gonorreia/tratamento farmacológico , Penicilina G/uso terapêutico , Penicilina G Procaína/uso terapêutico , Resistência a Ampicilina , Jamaica , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/efeitos dos fármacos , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/enzimologia , Resistência às Penicilinas , Penicilinase/biossíntese
20.
Port of Spain; Government Printery, Trinidad and Tobago; 1987. 38 p. ilus, tab.(V.D. and Yaws Division annual report, 1986).
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-16996

RESUMO

The Venereal Disease and Yaws Division of the Ministry of Health, Welfare and the Status of Women continued to make all possible efforts to reduce the high incidence of sexually transmitted diseases in Trinidad and Tobago during the year nineteen hundred and eighty-six. The statistics given in this report relate to work done in the public sector. The incidence of gonorrhoea showed an increase over the previous year. Four thousand three hundred and thirty-six (4,336) cases were diagnosed and treated in 1986 as compared to three thousand six hundred and fifty-nine (3,659) cases in 1985, an increase of six hundred and seventy-seven (677) cases or 18.5 percent. The rate per 100,000 population increased from 309.7 in 1985 to 361.6 in 1986


Assuntos
Humanos , Trinidad e Tobago , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/história , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Bouba/epidemiologia , Gonorreia , Estatística/tendências
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