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1.
West Indian med. j ; 49(suppl.4): 16, Nov. 9, 2000.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-391

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of blood-borne sexually transmitted infections (STI) including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1), hepetitis B virus (HBV) and syphillis in residents of a detoxification/rehabilitation unit in Jamaica. METHODS: The records of 301 patients presenting, over a 5-year period, for treatment of substance abuse were reviewed for demographic and laboratory data. The laboratory results were compared with those of 131 blood donors who were used as representative of the general population. The substances used were alcohol, cannabis and cocaine. None of the subjects was an intravenous (IV) drug user. Female substance abusers were at higher risk than males for STI. The prevalence of STI in substance abusers did not differ significantly from that in blood donors (12 percent v 10 percent). The prevalence of syphilis in substance abusers was significantly higher than in blood donors (6 percent v 3 percent; p < 0.05). The prevalence of syphilis was dramatically increased in female substance abusers and female blood donors (30 percent; p < 0.001 and 13 percent; p < 0.05, respectively) compared with males. An increased frequency of HTLV-1 was observed in female compared to male substance abusers. Unemployment was identified as a risk factor for sexually transmitted disease in substance abusers. CONCLUSION: These results support the policy of screening patients in detoxification units for STI and indicate a need for gender specific approaches in the control of substance abuse and STI in Jamaica.(Au)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/sangue , HIV/isolamento & purificação , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/sangue , Jamaica , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais
2.
West Indian med. j ; 47(1): 23-5, Mar. 1998.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-1632

RESUMO

In this study we investigated the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I), human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in 200 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the University Hospital of the West Indies. 19 percent of the women had at least one pathogen: C. trachomatis was found in 16 percent, HTLV-1 in 2 percent, HIV-1, HBV and N. gonorrhoeae each in 0.5 percent C. trachomatis infection was more prevalent in women less than 20 years of age (31 percent) than in those 20 years and older (16 percent, OR = 0.43; chi 2 = 5.66; p < 0.05). The study demonstrates the need for identification of sexually transmitted pathogens in antenatal women for syndromic management of genital infections as part of the strategy for prevention and control of HIV/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) in Jamaica(AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Doenças Bacterianas Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , HIV-1 , Incidência , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Doenças Bacterianas Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle
4.
Postgrad Doc - Caribbean ; 12(4): 185-92, July 1996.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-3420

RESUMO

HTLV-1 is a human retrovirus endemic in the Caribbean and Japan. The crude prevalence in Jamaica is 5-6 per cent but there is a steady increase with age peaking in the 8th decade at 17 per cent among females and 9 per cent among males. The majority of persons infected with HTLV-1 do not manifest any clinical disease. However, some persons develop adult T-cell lymphoma, tropical spastic paraparesis or infective dermatitis. Associations with arthropathy, uveitis, polymyositis and panbronchiolitis have also been reported. HTLV-1 is transmitted via sexual contact, mother to child (mainly through breast milk) and by transfusion of cellular blood product. Male to female sexual transmission is far more efficient than female to male. Control of HTLV-1 requires screening blood transfusions and reducing sexual and vertical transmission. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Infecções por HTLV-I/epidemiologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/isolamento & purificação , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/epidemiologia , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/epidemiologia , Dermatite/epidemiologia , Retroviridae , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa , Jamaica/epidemiologia
5.
em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-3517

RESUMO

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) has been etiologically associated with a neurologic syndrome called HTLV-I-associated myelopathy spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) as well as with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. The authors sought to quantify the risk in Jamaica of HAM/TSP associated with HTLV-I infection and cofactors associated with this disease among infected individuals. Between 1988 and 1989, prevalent and incident HAM/TSP patients and controls with other neurologic diseases were enrolled in a retrospective study. A second control group was composed of HTLV-I-seropositive, asymptomatic carriers in Jamaica, ascertained in a separate study conducted in 1988. Although HTLV-I seropositivity was a component of the case definition for HAM/TSP, all 43 HAM/TSP patients were HTLV-I seropositive compared with two (4.0 percent) of the controls with other neurologic diseases. Given HTLV-I seropositivity, one cofactor associated with the risk of HAM/TSP was young age at initial heterosexual intercourse (odds ratio = 4.00, 95 percent confidence interval 1.29-12.46 for individuals aged ó 15; odds ratio = 4.26, 95 percent confidence interval 1.41-12.90 for individuals aged 16-17 years at initial intercourse). Among individuals who reported this early age at initial sexual intercourse, an increased risk of HAM/TSP was associated with having reported more than five lifetime sexual partners (odds ratio = 2.88, 95 percent confidence interval 0.90-8.70). Neither an early age at initial sexual intercourse or the number of lifetime sexual partners was a risk factor for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. These data support the hypothesis that HAM/TSP is associated with sexually acquired HTLV-I infection, whereas adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma is not. (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudo Comparativo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/epidemiologia , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/imunologia , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/terapia , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/imunologia , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Testes Sorológicos , Comportamento Sexual
6.
Am J Epidemiol ; 142(11): 1212-20, Dec. 1995. tab
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-3598

RESUMO

Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been etiologically associated with a neurologic syndrome called HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) as well as with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. The authors sought to quantify the risk in Jamaica of HAM/TSP associated with HTLV-1 infection and cofactors associated with this disease among infected individuals. Between 1988 and 1989, prevalent and incident HAM/TSP patients and controls with other neurologic diseases were enrolled in a retrospective study. A second control group was composed of HTLV-1-seropositive, asymptomatic carriers in Jamaica, ascertained in a separate study conducted in 1988. Although HTLV-1 seropositivity was not a component of the case definition for HAM/TSP, all 43 HAM/TSP patients were HTLV-1 seropsitive compared with two (4.0 percent) of the controls with other neurologic diseases. Given HTLV-1 seropositivity, one cofactor associated with the risk of HAM/TSP was young age at initial heterosexual intercourse (odds ratio = 4.00, 95 percent confidence interval 1.29-12.46 for individuals aged ó15; odds ratio = 4.26, 95 percent confidence interval 1.41-12.90 for individuals aged 16-17 years at initial intercourse). Among individuals who reported this early age at initial sexual intercourse, an increased risk of HAM/TSP was associated with having reported more than five lifetime sexual partners (odds ratio = 2.88, 95 percent confidence interval 0.90-8.70). Neither an early age at initial sexual intercourse nor the number of lifetime sexual partners was a risk factor for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. These data support the hypothesis that HAM/TSP is associated with sexually acquired HTLV-1 infection, whereas adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma is not. (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Estudo Comparativo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/epidemiologia , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/imunologia , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/transmissão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Testes Sorológicos , Comportamento Sexual , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/imunologia , Jamaica
7.
West Indian med. j ; 43(3): 80-3, Sept. 1994.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-7761

RESUMO

During a two-year period, sera from 1179 patients with urogenital tract symptoms and from 256 controls were tested for IgG and IgA antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis, using a commercially prepared indirect immunoperoxidase assay. Of the patient sera, 1051 (89 percent) were from female patients and 128 (11 percent) were from males. Specimens were received from patients attending private practitioners (424), government polyclinics (348), the Queen Elizabeth Hospital (206), the Barbados Family Planning Association (117) and various other source (84). Nine hundred and fifty-nine of specimens (81 percent) from all patients had IgG titres of 64 or greater, and 441 (37 percent) had IgA titres of 16 or greater. A lower proportion of male patients (43 percent) than female patients (61 percent) had IgG titres of 128 or greater. Among 76 control females attending the antenatal clinic, IgG were detected in 76 percent and IgA in 16 percent, while among 75 adult blood donors, IgG was detected in 70 percent and IgA in 39 percent. A group comprising 97 asymptomatic children aged 9 months to 13 years, and 8 adolescents aged 14 - 18 years was also studied. IgG antibodies (titre


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Infecções por Chlamydia/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Barbados/epidemiologia , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Chlamydia trachomatis/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Chlamydia/sangue , Infecções por Chlamydia/imunologia , Prevalência
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