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1.
West Indian med. j ; 49(Suppl 2): 44, Apr. 2000.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-938

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Between January 1995 and August 1998, a study was conducted to elucidate the epidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in Jamaica. DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants were recruited from seven sites located in rural and urban areas of Jamaica. There were 128 and 211 females. The ages of the participants ranged from 3 to 90 years. The average ages of males and females were 24.9 and 25.6 years, respectively. Social and demographic data were collected by questionnaire. Potential risk factors which were studied included age of the individual, gender residence in an urban and rural are, type of toilet facilities and source of domestic water supply (indoor or outdoor plumbing). RESULTS: The seroprevalence of HAV in the study population using ELISA was 59.9 percent. Based on logistic regression, age and source of domestic water supply were found to be the major contributors to exposure to HAV (p<0.001) and p=0.006, respectively). The rate of exposure to the virus increased with age. By age 10 years, 30 percent of children were exposed. This was followed by a steady increase to about 73 percent by age 30 years. Prevalence remained at a plateau up to age 50 years after which there was an increase to almost 100 percent in the oldest individuals. Rates of exposure to HAV were higher amongst households with outdoor plumbing which included standpipes, rivers and tanks than those with indoor plumbing. CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence of HAV in Jamaica is higher than that seen generally in developed countries, although the age related acquisition of infection was similar. It is expected that the pattern and severity of disease from the virus is similar to that seen in developed countries. Improved water supply and educating the public on the epidemiology of HAV could reduce the prevalence of HAV in Jamaica.(AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Hepatite Viral Humana , Hepatovirus/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Estudos Transversais
2.
Arch Pathol Lab Med ; 115(12): 1247-9, Dec. 1991.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-2124

RESUMO

We report a case of herpes simplex hepatitis in a child with edematous malnutrition. Electron microscopy showed virus in parenchymal cells. With pulmonary embolization of necrotic, infected hepatic cell fragments. Systemic dissemination of herpes simplex may be related both to the profound immunoincompetence associated with kwashiorkor and to a reduction in the circulating and fixed polyanions that normally inhibit viral attachment to cells.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Relatos de Casos , Hepatite Viral Humana/complicações , Herpes Simples/complicações , Kwashiorkor/complicações , Embolia Pulmonar/etiologia , Capilares/microbiologia , Hepatite Viral Humana/patologia , Simplexvirus/isolamento & purificação , Herpes Simples/patologia , Kwashiorkor/patologia , Fígado/patologia , Fígado/ultraestrutura , Fígado/microbiologia , Pulmão/ultraestrutura , Embolia Pulmonar/microbiologia , Embolia Pulmonar/patologia , Embolia Pulmonar/complicações , Microscopia Eletrônica
3.
Bull Pan Am Health Organ ; 14(1): 44-51, 1980. tab, gra
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-2237

RESUMO

Report presenting the results of a study made of Hepatitis B viral markers. A total of 7.487 donor blood samples from 13 Western Hemisphere countries (Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, and Venezuela) were tested for various markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with several different techniques. HBsAg was detected in 1.6 per cent of the samples, anti-HBs in 20.2 per cent, and anti-HBs in 21.3 per cent. The incidence of HBsAg varied from 0.2 per cent (in Puerto Rican samples) to 4.1 per cent (in the samples from the Dominican Republic). Overall, 5.8 per cent of the samples found to contain HBsAg also contained HBeAg, while 24.8 per cent had detectable anti-HBe. Sixty-six (54.5 per cent) of the 121 HBsAg-positive samples were found to contain subtype HBsAg/ad, and 5(4.1 per cent) were found to contain subtype HBsAg/ay. Subtypes of the remaining samples could not be determined because of insufficient antigen. In a comparitive study, reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA), counterelectrophoresis (CEP), and immunodiffusion (ID) detected by HBsAg in 90.9. 67.2, and 62.0 per cent of the samples previously found positive by radioimmunoassay (RIA) screening. Considerable variation was observed in the prevalence of HBV markers in samples from different countries, the highest prevalence being 82.8 per cent in samples from the Dominican Republic. Over-all, the findings suggest that exposure to HBV is quite extensive in some Latin American populations......(AU)


Assuntos
Resumo em Inglês , Humanos , Estudo Comparativo , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/imunologia , Antígenos da Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Hepatite Viral Humana/diagnóstico , Hepatite Viral Humana/imunologia , Hepatite Viral Humana/epidemiologia , Suriname/epidemiologia , América Latina/epidemiologia
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