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1.
West Indian veterinary journal ; 8(2): 72-76, December 2008. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-17825

RESUMO

Five week-old broiler chickens from an outbreak of bacterial hepatitis on a poultry farm in Grenada were examined. The predominant gross lesions included multiple pinpoint light yellow foci in the liver, moderate splenomegaly, and ulcerative pododermatitis. The hepatic lesions were characterised by multifocal necrotising hepatitis with intralesional bacterial colonies. Culture of the liver lesions yielded a heavy growth of Aerococcus viridans and a moderate growth of Escherichia coli. The A. viridans isolates showed typical biochemical properties, susceptibility to vancomycin, and moderate resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics. It appears that dual infection with A. viridans and E. coli caused hepatitis in these chickens which had earlier history of coccidiosis.


Assuntos
Animais , Aves Domésticas , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Hepatite , Hepatite Animal , Escherichia coli , Medicina Veterinária , Granada
2.
West Indian veterinary journal ; 8(2): 72-76, December 2008. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-18153

RESUMO

Five week-old broiler chickens from an outbreak of bacterial hepatitis on a poultry farm in Grenada were examined. The predominant gross lesions included multiple pinpoint light yellow foci in the liver, moderate splenomegaly, and ulcerative pododermatitis. The hepatic lesions were characterised by multifocal necrotising hepatitis with intralesional bacterial colonies. Culture of the liver lesions yielded a heavy growth of Aerococcus viridans and a moderate growth of Escherichia coli. The A. viridans isolates showed typical biochemical properties, susceptibility to vancomycin, and moderate resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics. It appears that dual infection with A. viridans and E. coli caused hepatitis in these chickens which had earlier history of coccidiosis.


Assuntos
Animais , Aves Domésticas , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Hepatite , Hepatite Animal , Escherichia coli , Medicina Veterinária , Granada
3.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 65(4): 318-24, Oct. 2001. maps, tab
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-50

RESUMO

Hepaptits is common in the Stann Creek District of Southern Belize to determine the etiologies, incidence and potential risk factors for acute jaundice, we conducted active surveillance for cases. Cases of jaundice diagnosed by a physician within the previous 6 weeks were enrolled. Evaluation included a questionnaire and laboratory tests for Hepatitis A, B. C, D, and E, a blood film for malaria, and a serologic test for syphilis. Etiologies of jaundice among 62 evaluable patients included acute hepatitis A, 6 (9.7 percent), acute hepatitis B, 49 (79.0 percent) hepatitis non-A-E, 2 (3.2 percent), and malaria, 5 (8.1 percent). There were no cases of acute hepatitis E. One patient each with antibody to hepatitis C and D were detected. The annualized incidence of hepatitis A was 0.26 per 1000. All cases of hepatitis A were in children 4-16 years of age. The annualized incidence of hepatitis B, 2.17 per 1000, was highest in adults aged 15-44 years (4.4 per 1000) and was higher in men (36 cases; 3.09 per 1000) than women (13 cases; 1.19 per 1000). Four (31 percent) of the women with hepatitis B were pregnant. The annualized incidence was significantly higher in Mestizo (6.18 per 10000 and Maya (6.79 per 1000) than Garifuna (0.38 per 1000) or Creole (0.36 per 1000). Persons with Hepatitis B were significantly more likely to be born outside of Belize (82 percent), had been in Belize < 5 years (73 percent), and lived and worked in rural areas (96 percent) than was the general population. Of those o 14 years of age with Hepatitis B, only 36 percent were married. Few persons admitted to transfusions, tattoos, IV drug use, multiple sexual partners, visiting prostitutes, or sexually transmitted diseases. Only 1 of 49 had a reactive test for syphilis. Six patients were hospitalized (including 3 with acute hepatitis B and one with Hepatitis A), and none to our knowledge died. Acute hepatitis B is the most common cause of viral hepatitis in the Stann Creek District, but the modes of transmission remain obscure. Infants, women attending prenatal clinics, and new workers are potential targets for immunization with Hepatitis B vaccine. (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Adolescente , Hepatite/epidemiologia , Icterícia/diagnóstico , Belize/epidemiologia , Hepatite/etiologia , Hepatite/imunologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Hepatite B , Icterícia/etiologia , Malária/complicações , Malária/epidemiologia , Doença Aguda , Vigilância da População , Testes Sorológicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle
4.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 55(4): 452-5, Oct. 1996.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-2488

RESUMO

Adults in the Stann Creek district of Belize have a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but the age of onset of these infections is unclear. We conducted a seroprevalence study of hepatitis B markers among Stann Creek school-age children to provide information for planning a hepatitis B vaccine program. The overall prevalence in 587 students was high for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) (43.3percent) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (7.7 percent). There was marked variation of anti-HBc by school and by the predominant ethnic groups attending those schools. Maya had the highest prevalence (76 percent), followed by Mestizo (50 percent), Garifuna (37 percent), and Creole (25 percent). Children less than nine years of age attending the rural primary schools (mostly Garifuna and Creole) (p< 0.05). Anti-HBc was found in 42 percent and 36 percent of students at the two high schools. Of the five schools tested, only at the urban primary school did anti-HBc positivity increase with age. Based on an analysis of the cost of serologic screening before immunization compared with mass vaccination, preimmunization serologic screening resulted in vaccine program cost savings in four of the five schools. Because most children in the rural areas contract hepatitis B before entering school, immunization against HBV should be integrated into the routine infant immunization program (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Hepatite/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/sangue , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Distribuição por Idade , Belize/epidemiologia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Programas de Rastreamento/economia , Prevalência , População Rural , População Urbana , Vacinação/economia , Hepatite B/etnologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue
5.
West Indian Dental J ; 2(1): 30-4, Jun. 1995.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-4700

RESUMO

Dentists worlwide treat and manage patients with a variety of oral and systemic complaints. Bacterial fungal and viral infections are commonly seen in dentist practice. Although primarily sexually transmissible, serious diseases such as hepatitis B, herpes, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis are the major infections for which the dentist must reduce or eliminate the risk of transmission. The best approach to minimize cross-infection to, or from, a patient or other health care worker (HCW) is to use "Universal Precautions" that is, to treat every patient as if they were a carriers of some infection. However, unlike infection control strategies of developed countries, in developing countries these precautions may need to be modified to match the socioeconomic constraints of the region. Governments and HCWs should work together to make vaccinations against hepatitis B a national priority, and improve the education of patients and colleages concerning the risks from all STDs including HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and tuberculosis. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatite/transmissão , Tuberculose/transmissão , Odontólogos , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Profissional para o Paciente , Controle de Infecções , Educação em Saúde Bucal
6.
West Indian med. j ; 41(Suppl. 1): 17, Apr. 1992.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-6482

RESUMO

In spring 1991, concern was expressed in Belize about a hepatitis outbreak. A cross-sectional study was designed to address hepatitis prevalence in a farming district. Three populations were identified: anyone meeting a case definition for hepatitis, any designated worker, and a random sample of the community by household. Survey information was collected on the farm, household, and individual. Sera were collected for laboratory study. This study reports on the current findings from 509 sera collected in June 1991. There had been widespread exposure to hepatitis A(98 percent). New hepatitis was primarily due to hepatitis B(24 percent of clinical cases, 4 percent of people in the random household sample, and 5 percent of workers). In our total, 16 percent had hepatitis B surface antigen and were potential carriers, while 73 percent had evidence of past hepatitis C by our detection method, and delta particle was not present in any of the tested cases. Hepatitis E antibody was detected in two cases. One risk revolved around perceptions of good medical care, using injectable medications. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatite/epidemiologia , Belize
7.
CAREC surveillance report ; 17(7): 4-6, July 1991.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-17248

RESUMO

Following the reported transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from United States dentist to three of his patients, the World Health Organization (WHO) received requests from a number of countries for practical guidance on how to avoid such incidents. The WHO Global Programme on AIDS (GPA) accordingly organized a consultation of international experts on HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in the health care setting in Geneva on April 11-12, 1991. The consultation report examines the risk of transmission of bloodborne HIV and HBV from patient to patient, from patient health-care worker, and from health care worker to patient. Transmission by any of these pathways is rare, and the third pathway is the rarest of all. For HIV, the United dentist-to-patient case is the only reported instance of its kind (AU)


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/transmissão , HIV , Hepatite/epidemiologia , Poluição Ambiental , Testes Obrigatórios , Líquidos Corporais , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Profissional para o Paciente
8.
Am J Gastroenterol ; 83(1): 42-5, Jan. 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-10046

RESUMO

Two West Indian parents and three of their seven offspring presented over a 12 yr period with identical systemic illnesses characterized by the development of granulomatous hepatitis. Granulomata were variably also found in muscle, lymph nodes, and pleura in some of these affected individuals. The usual causes of granulomatous hepatitis were absent, and this familial disease represents a hitherto undescribed entity. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Granuloma/genética , Hepatite/genética , Granuloma/etnologia , Granuloma/patologia , Hepatite/etnologia , Hepatite/patologia , Jamaica , Fígado/patologia
10.
In. University of the West Indies, (Mona). Department of Medicine. Proceedings of a colloquium for Professor G. A. O. Alleyne. Kingston, University of the West Indies, 1981. p.21-5.
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-8415
11.
Carib Med J ; 40(3/4): 3-4, 1979.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-4276
12.
West Indian med. j ; 11(2): 139, June 1962.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-7528

RESUMO

The clinical features and the complications of E. Histolytica infection in Dominica are presented. This is based on a review of 61 cases seen at Princess Margaret Hospital, during the period 1959-1961. Hepatitis and liver abscesses were the commonest complications and the clinical details of such cases are presented (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Amebíase/epidemiologia , Dominica , Hepatite
14.
Carib Med J ; 15(3-4): 157-68, 1953. tab
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-3321

RESUMO

A brief review has been made of our present knowledge of virus hepatitis in man and a number of controversial aspects such as aetiology and pathogenesis have been discussed. Infectious hepatitis is one of the few important virus diseases of man for which no susceptible experimental host has been found. It is a serious cause of morbidity, particularly in times of stress, in populations with a high standard of hygiene, in much the same way as poliomyelitis, and is worthy of more intensive efforts to isolate the virus for study and development of prophylactic measures. Certain hepatitis viruses may circulate in the blood stream for long periods of time without causing obvious illness and may easily be transferred to other persons who are susceptible and develop the disease. For this reason it is essential that transfusions of blood should be given only when essential, and extreme care must be taken to sterilize adequately all instruments used for injections or collection of blood. Meanwhile, efforts must be intensified to find methods of detecting the healthy carriers and inactivating the viruses in blood and blood products without injuring the blood. Gamma-globulin from pools of adult plasma carries practically no risk of transmitting hepatitis and may be used prophylactically against infectious hepatitis. The same gamma-globulin, and even that from convalescents who are known to have had serum hepatitis, is not a satisfactory prophylactic against serum hepatitis. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatite/epidemiologia , Hepatite/etiologia
15.
Br Med J ; 1(4406): 838-40, June 1945.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-14564

RESUMO

Cases of hepatitis of unknown aetiology are described. It is possible that they are caused by dietary deficiency, permitting easy damage of the gastric or duodenal mucous membrane, which becomes infected; the toxin absorbed from this focus damages liver cells or the portal vein, or both, resulting in phlebitis and finally cirrhosis, causing obstruction and partial failure to absorb a particular food constituent from a diet already deficient in that respect (Summary)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Fígado/fisiopatologia , Hepatite/etiologia , Ascite , Tiamina/uso terapêutico , Dietoterapia , Fermento Seco/uso terapêutico , Jamaica
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