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1.
Laryngoscope ; 108(2): 288-90, Feb., 1998.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-1611

RESUMO

Hearing screening is well established in most developed countries, and the data extensively published. However, little information has been presented by the developing, nonwhite populations. A screening study was carried out on 2202 Jamaican children age 5 to 7 years. This involved typanometry and pure-tone audiometry (frequencies of 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz.) Failure was considered to have occurred if a type B or C curve was obtained or if the threshold of hearing was greater than 20 dB. These children were further evaluated by a full ear, nose and throat examination, inclusive of pneumatic otoscopy, and audiologic testing. The prevalence of hearing impairment was 4.9 percent. Otitis media with effusion (OME) was present in 1.9 percent. The prevalence of OME in Jamaica is low when compared with that of the same age-group in the developed countries(AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Países em Desenvolvimento , Transtornos da Audição/epidemiologia , Otite Média com Derrame/epidemiologia , Testes de Impedância Acústica , Audiometria de Tons Puros , Transtornos da Audição/prevenção & controle , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Programas de Rastreamento , Otite Média com Derrame/prevenção & controle , Prevalência
2.
West Indian med. j ; 41(1): 8-11, Mar. 1992.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-11744

RESUMO

In a population-based survey in a defined area in the parish of Clarendon, Jamaica, the prevalence of six types of childhood disabilities was sought. All children aged 2-9 years who screened positive for disability, with 8 per cent of children screening negative (out of a total of 5,468 children), were assessed by a physician and a psychologist. Disabilities were categorised by types and levels of severity. The estimated prevalence rate for all types and levels of disabilities was 93.9 per 1,000 children and for serious disability was 24.9 per 1,000. The rates for specific disabilities showed wide variation (cognitive, 81/1,000; speech, 14/1,000; visual, 11/1,000; hearing, 9/1,000; motor, 4/1,000; seizure, 2/1000). Of the disabled children, 70 per cent had only one disability, 23 per cent had two and 6 per cent had three or four disabilities. If disability is to be seen as a major outcome of a range of interacting factors, then these prevalence rates, taken with the specific aetiologies, would provide a framework for planning preventive and rehabilitative interventions. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Avaliação da Deficiência , Estudos Transversais , Distúrbios da Fala/epidemiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Visão/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Audição/epidemiologia , /epidemiologia , População Rural , Reabilitação , Jamaica , Transtornos Motores
3.
Int J Rehabil Res ; 15(1): 31-8, 1992.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-15777

RESUMO

We investigated the service needs of children attending a medical assessment as part of a two stage survey of 2 to 9-year-old children in mid and south Clarendon, Jamaica. Parents were asked about symptoms relating to six different disabilities: visual, hearing, speech, motor, cognitive and fits. Following medical and psychological assessment, a diagnosis of mild, moderate, severe or no disability was made. For children with disabilities, the frequencies of five possible types of intervention recommended by the physician were analysed and related to the prevalence of the six disabilities in the parish. To estimate the needs of the Jamaican child population the figures were extrapolated based on an estimate of 1 million children under the age of 15 years. These needs were then compared with places in existing services. Of the disabled children, 62 percent needed special education, 29.5 percent needed community-based services, 21 percent needed spectacles, 21 percent needed specialist referral, and 6 percent required medical treatment. Although the vast majority of these needs are not met, many more could be met in the community if existing health and education personnel are trained in basic techniques of screening and assessment. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Educação Especial , Óculos , Jamaica , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Reabilitação , Transtornos da Audição/epidemiologia , Distúrbios da Fala/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Visão/epidemiologia , Destreza Motora
4.
West Indian med. j ; 40(suppl.1): 30, Apr. 24-27, 1991.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-5586

RESUMO

Parents of children presenting for a medical assessment as part of a two-stage survey of 2 to 9-year-old children in mid and south Clarendon were asked about symptoms relating to six different disabilities: visual, hearing, speech, motor, cognitive and fits and whether they had sought treatment for these symptoms. Their responses were compared with those who were diagnosed as disabled by the professional team. The frequencies of five possible types of intervention for children with disabilities recommended by the physician were analysed and related to the estimated prevalence of the six disabilities in the parish, to estimate the needs of Jamaican children for the various types of services. These were then compared with existing services. For all disabilities, except fits, the percentage of children that received treatment for symptoms was low, ranging from 5 percent for cognitive to 33 percent for motor symptoms. For children found to be disabled, the rates were a little higher except for treatment of fits which was 87 percent and cognitive disability at 5.6 percent. Awareness of the disability was also poor in cognitive, visual and speech disabilities. Fifty-six percent of disabled children needed special education, 29.5 percent needed community-based services, 21 percent needed spectacles, 21 percent needed specialist referral and 6 percent required medical treatment. The vast majority of the estimated needs for Jamaica as a whole are unmet (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Jamaica , Distúrbios da Fala , Transtornos da Audição/diagnóstico , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Educação Especial
5.
Ann Epidemiol ; 1(3): 255-61, Feb. 1991.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-8040

RESUMO

A comparison of the efficacy of the key informant and the community survey methods for identifying children with disability was carried out in the Jamaican component of an international epidemiological study of children disability. Approximately 130 key informants were exposed to a two-day workshop giving information on sign of disability, aspects of the project, and available services. Questionnaires were given to enable the informants to refer children and they were reminded six months later. In the survey method, eight community workers completed a house-to-house survey of all families and administered the 10-question screen with probes on 5475 children, 2 to 9 years old. Seventeen referrals were made by the key informants; of these, two were found to have disabilities. Of the 821 children who tested positive on the 10-question screen on the house-to-house survey, 193 had disabilities. We concluded that the key informant method would not be a satisfactory way of identifying cases of childhood disability. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Transtornos Cognitivos/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Audição/epidemiologia , Distúrbios da Fala/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Visão/epidemiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/classificação , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Transtornos da Audição/classificação , Transtornos da Audição/diagnóstico , Jamaica , Inquéritos e Questionários , /classificação , /diagnóstico , /epidemiologia , Distúrbios da Fala/classificação , Distúrbios da Fala/diagnóstico , Distúrbios da Fala/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Visão/classificação , Transtornos da Visão/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Visão/epidemiologia
6.
St. George's; s.n; 1990. 5 p.
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-3434

RESUMO

Describes a study conducted among school children to identify hearing disorders. 174 children were examined and concludes from the results of this sample survey that an estimated 50 - 60 children among the 2578 first graders in 1990 could be experiencing some sort of hearing loss


Assuntos
Orelha/anormalidades , Transtornos da Audição/diagnóstico , Distúrbios da Fala/diagnóstico , Coleta de Dados , Programas de Rastreamento
7.
West Indian med. j ; 38(Suppl. 1): 54, Apr. 1989.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-5655

RESUMO

Handicap in childhood is a worldwide phenomenon that is gaining an increasingly high priority as a health problem in developing countries. In Montserrat, prior to 1988, no attempt to define the prevalence, range or severity of handicap had been made. During February to April 1988, a programme of developmental screening in under-five-year-old children, with assessment of any identified problems, was introduced in Montserrat. As part of this programme, a register of handicapped children of all ages was compiled. Sixty children (2 per cent of approx. 3,000 children under 16 years old) with significant disability were identified. This was considerably more than local health workers expected. The main categories diagnosed were 12 with severe global disability, 21 with mental retardation, one with visual, hearing and speech problems only, 7 with physical disability and 3 with learning difficulties. Although all major handicapped children have probably been identified, these figures may still present an under-estimate; particularly of under-five-year-olds, who are not yet all screened, and school learning difficulties (surveys not yet completed). For realistic manpower and resource planning, it is essential that comprehensive handicap registers be compiled (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Deficiência Intelectual , Transtornos da Audição , Distúrbios da Fala
10.
J Laryngol Otol ; 96(9): 847-55, Sept. 1982.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-14459

RESUMO

Four cases of fluctuating hearing loss in West African and West Indian racial groups are presented. Two are Meniere's disease, and the authors are unaware of any report in English publications describing Meniere's disease in these racial groups. One is late syphilitic hearing loss and the other is idiopathic. The possible role of yaws is presented and long-held beliefs questioned (Summary)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos da Audição/etiologia , Doença de Meniere/diagnóstico , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Bouba/diagnóstico , África Ocidental , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Índias Ocidentais
11.
Am J Otol ; 2(4): 311-4, Apr. 1981.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-10693

RESUMO

Two thousand forty-seven (2047) ears of elementary school childern of the Republic of Trinidad were screened with pure-tone and immitance tests. Approximately 20 percent of the ears showed type B and C tympanograms, compared with only 2 percent failing a 30dB, 4 KHz tone. In 13 percent an ipsilateral middle ear muscle reflex could not be elicted. Results are reported in terms of the subjects' racial background. This study tends to support the theory of a genetic origin of otitis media. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Transtornos da Audição/epidemiologia , Testes de Impedância Acústica , Audiometria de Tons Puros , Otite Média/epidemiologia , Trinidad e Tobago
12.
J Laryngol Otol ; LXXX1X(4): 453-5, Apr. 1975.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-13870

RESUMO

The dimensions of the internal auditory canal were compared in patients with SS disease and with or without abnormal audiograms to investigate the role of auditory nerve compression by expansion of the petrous, temporal bone in hearing loss. There was no correlation between abnormal audiograms and narrowing of the internal auditory canals and it was concluded that this mechanism was not responsible for the hearing loss in SS disease (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Transtornos da Audição/etiologia , Anemia Falciforme/patologia , Limiar Auditivo , Medula Óssea/citologia , Meato Acústico Externo/patologia , Transtornos da Audição/patologia , Hemólise , Orelha Interna/inervação , Orelha Interna/patologia , Síndromes de Compressão Nervosa/etiologia , Síndromes de Compressão Nervosa/patologia , Osso Temporal/patologia
14.
Acta Otolaryngol ; 76(4): 268-72, Oct. 1973.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-15856

RESUMO

The pure-tone hearing levels in 83 Jamaican patients aged from 10-39 with homozygous sickle cell disease were compared with appropriate controls. A sensori-neural hearing loss, defined as a deficit of at least 25 dB in one or more frequencies, was found in 18/83 (22 percent) patients and in 3/83 (4 percent) controls. Both sexes and ears were equally affected, but the extremes of the tested range, especially the high tones, were involved most frequently. The hearing loss was of slow onset. The relative contributions of thrombosis, anaemia, atherosclerosis and Jamaican neuropathy are discussed. It is felt that the most likely aetiology is a thrombotic process. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Transtornos da Audição/etiologia , Anemia Falciforme/diagnóstico , Arteriopatias Oclusivas , Audiometria , Cromatografia , Eletroforese em Gel de Amido , Transtornos da Audição/complicações , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído , Testes Auditivos , Hemoglobinas , Jamaica , Trombose/complicações , Zumbido , Teste de Imobilização do Treponema , Vertigem
15.
St. George's; s.n; .
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-3435

RESUMO

Describes a program for screening tests to be conducted among neonates to identify those with hearing disorder from those who do not have the disorder. The value of establishing a high-risk register is also given. The program also aims at detection of hearing loss among infants with the help of high risk criteria and to create an awareness for the ears and hearing among the general public and medical profession


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos da Audição/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Audição/prevenção & controle , Coleta de Dados
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