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1.
Arch Ophthalmol ; 119(1): 89-95, Jan. 2001. tab, gra
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-112

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To measure the 4-year risk of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in a black population. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study with 4 years of follow up. SETTING: Simple random sample of residents of Barbados, West Indies, aged 40 years or older. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 3427 members of the cohort (85 percent of those eligible). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Development of glaucoma visual field defects and optic disc damage, confirmed by automated perimetry, independent fundus photographic gradings, and standardized opthalmologic examinations. RESULTS: The 4-year risk of OAG in black participants was 2.2 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 1.7 percent-2.8 percent), based on 67 newly developed cases of OAG. Incidence rates increased from 1.2 percent at ages 40 to 49 years to 4.2 percent at ages of 70 years or more, tending to be higher in men than women (2.7 percent vs 1.9 percent). About half of the incident cases were undiagnosed previously, and the rest were receiving OAG treatment. Of the 67 new cases of OAG, 32 had intraocular pressure of 21 mm HG or less at baseline (1.2 percent incidence) and 35 had higher pressures (9 percent incidence). Risk was the highest among persons classified as having suspect OAG at baseline (26.1 percent), followed by those with ocular hypertension (4.9 percent and lowest in the remining population (0.8 percent). CONCLUSIONS: This longitudinal study provides new information on OAG risk, as well as the first incidence measurement in a black population. Although intraocular pressure increased risk, about half of the new cases had baseline pressures of 21 mm Hg or less. Results substantiate the high OAG risk in the population of African origin, especially in older adults; the relative role of intraocular pressure; and the considerable underdetecion of new disease after 4 years of follow-up. (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/etnologia , Barbados/etnologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos de Coortes , Seguimentos , Transtornos da Visão/etnologia , Disco Óptico/patologia , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/etnologia , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição Aleatória , Testes de Campo Visual , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Incidência
2.
West Indian med. j ; 50(3): 17, July, 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-247

RESUMO

A clinically oriented overview of common optic nerve disease: the differential diagnosis, clinical findings, diagnostic work-up, and rational for therapy. Included will be: congenital anomalies mistaken for acquired neurologic disease; differential diagnosis of the "swollen disk"; ischaemic optic neuropathies, common and uncommon; optic neuritis with and without multiple sclerosis; heredofamilial optic atrophies. This summary is designed to provide an up-to-date review for the general practitioner in opthalmology, neurology or internal medicine. Necessary and unnecessary diagnostic procedures will be stressed. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças do Nervo Óptico , Neuropatia Óptica Isquêmica , Neurite Óptica , Atrofia Óptica
3.
J Neuroophthalmol ; 18(4): 270-5, Dec. 1998.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-1375

RESUMO

A 38-year-old woman from Antigua had compressive optic neuropathy of the right eye caused by orbital involvement with sinus histiocytosis. There was also nasal sinus involvement and massive cervical lymphadenopathy resulting in radiographic compression of the airway and carotid sheath. Because of the compressive optic neuropathy and threat to the airway and carotid perfusion, the patient underwent a 6-month chemotherapeutic regimen of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone. After chemotherapy, the visual dysfunction resolved in correlation with diminution of the orbital mass, and marked regression of the cervical lymphadenopathy. This case demonstrates the potential efficacy of chemotherapy in the treatment of compressive optic neuropathy in cases of orbital sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Au)


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Relatos de Casos , Humanos , Histiocitose Sinusal/complicações , Síndromes de Compressão Nervosa/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Orbitárias/complicações , Doenças Linfáticas/complicações , Síndromes de Compressão Nervosa/etiologia , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/etiologia
4.
CAREC surveillance report ; 19(6): 68-70, June 1993.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-17276

RESUMO

During the last semester of 1991 an unexpected increase in the number of cases of optic neuropathy was detected by the Cuban Epidemiological Surveillance System in the Pina del Rio province of Western Cuba. Reported cases occurred mainly in middle-aged men, usually tobacco farmers with a history of cigarette smoking and moderate alcohol consumption. Patients complained of weight loss, blurred vision, photophobia, and progressive decrease in visual acuity over a period of 1-4 weeks. Examination disclosed the presence of bilateral and usually symmetrical central or cecocentral visual field defects with the loss of red-green colour vision, pallor of temporal border of optic disc and loss of fibres in maculopapillary bundle. A diagnosis of tobacco-alcohol amblyopia or nutritional optic neuropathy was made at the time. By the end of July 1992, a total of 168 cases had been reported (monthly range, 14-36), all confirmed to this province. By December 1992, the number had increases to 472 cases, including reports from five of fourteen provinces of Cuba, mainly in Havana, Sancti Spiritus, Holguin and Santiago de Cuba (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/epidemiologia , Ambliopia/complicações , Ambliopia/diagnóstico , Ambliopia/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/complicações , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/diagnóstico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/epidemiologia , Neuropatia Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Neuropatia Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Tabagismo/complicações , Porto Rico
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