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1.
Can J Anaesth ; 39(9): 997-9, Nov. 1992.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-15975

RESUMO

Capnography is a useful technique in monitoring the integrity of anaesthetic equipment such as the malfunctioning of unidirectional valves in circle system. However, the lack of a precise mechanism in existing capnographs to identify the start of inspiration and the beginning of expiration in the capnograms, makes the analysis of the carbon dioxide waveforms during inspiration difficult and thus results in inaccurate assessement of rebreathing. We report a case where, during the malfunction of the inspiratory unidirectional valve in the circle system, the capnograph failed to detect the presence of substantial rebreathing. Critical analysis of the capnogram recorded during the malfunction revealed that there was substantial rebreathing which was underestimated by the capnograph as it reports only the lowest CO2 concentration rebreathed during inspiration in such abnormal situations.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Anestesia com Circuito Fechado/efeitos adversos , Anestesia com Circuito Fechado/instrumentação , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Inalação , Falha de Equipamento , Monitorização Fisiológica/instrumentação , Pressão , Respiração Artificial , Ventilação Pulmonar/fisiologia , Volume de Ventilação Pulmonar
2.
Kingston; University of the West Indies, (Mona). Medical Learning Resource Unit; 1981. 51 p.
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-9250
3.
Clin Sci Mol Med ; 53(3): 277-88, Sep 1977.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-12400

RESUMO

Total body protein turnover was studied in six elderly patients. During the study they were fed by continuous infusion of a liquid formula through a nasogastric tube. L-[1-1+C] leucine and [15N]-glycine were infused at a constant rate for 30 h. The labelled glycine was infused into the intragastric line; the labelled leucine was given either by this route of intravenously. The specific radioactivity of free leucine in plasma and the rate of output of 14CO2 in expired air both reached a plateau at 10 h, and remained constant until the end of the infusion at 30 h. The 15N abundance in urinary urea and total N was very similar. In neither was a plateau reached by 30 h but in four out of the six patients the abundance in urinary NH4+ had attained a plateau by the end of the infusion. Flux rates and rates of protein synthesis were calculated in four ways: (A) from the specific radioactivity of plasma leucine at plateau; (B) from the proportion of dose excreted as 1+CO2 at plateau; (C) from the final rates of 15N excretion in urea or total urinary N; (D) from the final or plateau rates of 15N excretion in urinary NH4+. On average, the estimates of synthesis rate obtained by methods B and C agreed closely; those given by methods A and D were lower.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Glicina/metabolismo , Leucina/metabolismo , Proteínas/biossíntese , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Nitrogênio/urina , Métodos
5.
Acta Paediatr Scand ; 63(6): 817-25, Nov. 1974.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-13041

RESUMO

Fasting metabolic rate was investigated in 53 malnourished children and 17 controls of similar age. Total body potassium (TBK) was also measured in 18 of the malnourished children and in all the controls, so that metabolic rates could be compared in relation to a measure of metabolically active tissue. In newly admitted malnourished children specific potassium depletion was corrected orally while they were given a maintenance diet. Resting metabolism correlated better with TBK than with weight, height or surface area in control and recovered children, but metabolic rate per unit TBK decline with increasing body-weight (r=-0.51). This negative correlation became insignificant if metabolic rate was expressed in terms of TBK3/4. In the malnourished children resting metabolic rate was reduced compared with control and recovered values, when expressed in terms of weight, height or surface area. The results were confirmed by a comparison of metabolic rates per unit TBK3/4, which showed a reduction of about 27 percent in the malnourished children. No significant difference was found between children with marasmus and those with oedematous malnutrition. During rapid growth fasting metabolism was increased. We conclude that oxygen consumption in metabolically active tissues is reduced in all forms of untreated infantile malnutrition. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Masculino , Feminino , Metabolismo Basal , Kwashiorkor/metabolismo , Potássio/metabolismo , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/metabolismo , Composição Corporal , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Dióxido de Carbono , Proteínas na Dieta/uso terapêutico , Kwashiorkor/dietoterapia , Músculos/metabolismo , Consumo de Oxigênio , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/dietoterapia
6.
Br J Nutr ; 31(2): 259-70, Mar., 1974.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-10402

RESUMO

1. The catabolism of valine was estimated in vivo by measurement of the production of labelled CO2 for 2 h after the oral administration of either [U-14C] valine. It was also estimated in vitro in homogenates of liver and muscle incubated with labelled valine. Experiments were performed in rats given diets providing either 215 g (HP) or 25 g (LP) protein per kg diet. 2. The proportion of [U-14C] valine excreted as 14 CO2 was not reduced in rats given the LP diet for 16 d but the excretion of 14 CO 2 from [1-14C] valine was reduced by 40 percent in these animals. When rats were transferred from the HP diet to the LP diet there was a reduction in the excretion of 14CO2 from [1-14C] valine; when the diet was changed from LP to HP output of 14CO2 increased to control values. 3. Homogenates of muscle and liver catabolized valine to CO2. Both liver and muscle from rats fed on the LP diet catabolized less [1-14C] valine than tissues from control animals. 4. Valine aminotransferase activity was higher in muscle than in liver, and did not change in tissues from rats fed on the LP diet. In these animals 2-ketoisovaleric acid dehydrogenase activity was reduced in both liver and muscle. 5. The production of 14CO2 was lower with [U-14C] valine as the substrate than with [1-14C]-valine and there was no difference between tissues from rats fed on the HP and LP diets. 6. The results with [1-14C] valine suggest that both liver and muscle from protein-depleted rats catabolize valine at a reduced rate. The reason for the discrepancy between these results and those with [U-14C] valine is not clear. It is concluded that the results with [U-14C] valine in vitro are affected by dilution of the label before the formation of 14CO2, but that this does not hold in vivo (AU)


Assuntos
Ratos , 21003 , Valina/metabolismo , Distúrbios Nutricionais/metabolismo , Administração Oral , Alanina Transaminase , Peso Corporal , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Radioisótopos de Carbono , Proteínas na Dieta , Crescimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Músculos/metabolismo , Oxirredutases , Desmame , Técnicas In Vitro
7.
Clin Sci ; 44(2): 113-28, Feb. 1973.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-14619

RESUMO

Cardio-pulmonary responses and gas exchange during progressive exercise, the ventilatory response to hypercapnia and anthropometric indices were measured in twenty-two Jamiacan adults with homozygous sickle-cell disease. Their anthropometric indices and exercise performances were compared with those observed in healthy but sedentary adults in the Caribbean. The patients had long lower limbs for their height; their body fat, proportion of lean body mass as muscle and vital capacity reduced. Haemoglobin concentration ranged from 4 to 10g/100ml. Heart rate and ventilation were normal at rest. During exercise in the male patients haemoglobin concentrations below about 8g/100ml were associated with an increased demand for anaerobic metabolism. This resulted in excessive lac ticacidaemia and increased ventilation at standard oxygen uptake (hyperpnoea). The ventilation-tidal volume relationship was normal. When allowance was made for differences in body muscle, anaemia did not appear to affect the heart-rate response to exercise. Hyperventilation with respect to carbon dioxide output, increased alveolar-arterial oxygen-tension gradients and abnormal deadspace ventilation during exercise indicated a pulmonary perfusion disturbance with mixed venous shunting. The most likely basis for this disorder was considered to be the sickling phenomenon. Arterial hypoxaemia produced by the pulmonary shunt probably accounted for some of the exercise hyperpnoea, partly by increasing the chemoreceptor drive and partly by encouraging lacticacidaemia. Reduced arterial carbon dioxide tensions and bicarbonate concentrations had lowered the threshold and increased the sensitivity of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide as measured by rebreathing. Increased chemosensitivity was not thought to have contributed towards the exercise hyperpnoea since arterial carbon dioxide tensions were below the threshold value for ventilatory drive. Exertional dyspnoea in sickle-cell disease was attributed to the combination of hyperpnoea and reduced maximum breathing capacity (MBC) owing to small lung volumes. The fraction of (MBC) used at standard work was therfore abnormally large, and the increased ventilatory effort produced a sensation of breathlessness in some patients (Summary)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Anemia Falciforme/fisiopatologia , Esforço Físico , Frequência Cardíaca , Respiração , Antropometria , Peso Corporal , Dióxido de Carbono , Hiperventilação , Hipercapnia , Hipóxia , Testes de Função Respiratória , Oxigênio/sangue , Homozigoto , Lactatos/sangue , Músculos
8.
J Lab Clin Med ; 81(6): 850-6, June 1973.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-13869

RESUMO

Previous studies elsewhere have cast doubt on the in vivo relationship between oxygen saturation and red cell sickling. We have reinvestigated this relationship and find the expected correlation to occur at a variety of in vivo sampling sites. The correlation is apparent within data from single individuals, but may be lost when individual susceptibility to sickle cell formation is overlooked by pooling data from different patients. Samples from the hepatic vein did not usually fit the correlation and the unusual factors at this site are discussed (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Anemia Falciforme/fisiopatologia , Eritrócitos/fisiopatologia , Oxigênio/sangue , Anemia Falciforme/diagnóstico , Dióxido de Carbono/sangue , Cateterismo , Cromatografia , Eletroforese em Gel de Amido , Contagem de Eritrócitos , Hemoglobina Fetal/análise , Hemoglobinas/análise , Hemoglobinas Anormais/análise , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Oxigênio/administração & dosagem , Consumo de Oxigênio , Pressão Parcial
9.
Br J Nutr ; 27(3): 407-15, 1972.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-12185

RESUMO

Pre- and post-prandial metabolic rates were measured in twelve malnourished Jamaican infants. On admission to hospital, minimal increases in postprandial metabolic rate were found, whereas during the recovery phase when growth was rapid, increases in postprandial metabolic rate of up to 38 percent occurred. After recovery only the five children who were still gaining weight at a rate of more than 4 g/kg body-weight.d continued to show a substantial increase in postprandial metabolism. A highly significant correlation was found between growth rate and the increase in postprandial metabolic rate. Marked differences existed in the respiratory quotient measured 4h after the last meal, the values being low on admission and high during the phase of rapid growth. After a test meal, the respiratory quotient rose sharply both in newly admitted and in recovered children, but fell slightly when the children were studied during the phase of rapid growth. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Distúrbios Nutricionais/metabolismo , Respiração , Peso Corporal , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Dieta , Ingestão de Alimentos , Crescimento , Consumo de Oxigênio
11.
Anaesthesia ; 25(4): 508-17, Oct. 1970.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-12623

RESUMO

A total of 105 subjects have been studied, 70 in the hot climate of Jamaica and 35 in the temperate climate of England. Following the same premedication a very significant alteration from resting levels in the arterial pH and PaCO3 occurred in the subjects in Jamaica, but there was no change in the Jamaican and English groups in England. This sensitivity was shown to be related to a lowereing of the metabolic rate in the hot climate. There was no relationship to race, liver disease, or immediate ambient room temperature (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Medicação Pré-Anestésica , Temperatura , Equilíbrio Ácido-Base , Artérias , Atropina , Metabolismo Basal , Bicarbonatos/sangue , Dióxido de Carbono/sangue , Meperidina , Oxigênio/sangue , Papaverina , Prometazina , Escopolamina , Clima Tropical , Inglaterra , Jamaica
12.
Pflugers Arch ; 306: 191-4, 1969.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-12197

RESUMO

A simple method for the continuous determination of O2 consumption and CO2 production in sleeping subjects is described. Face masks and mouth pieces have been eliminated and the method has been successful with babies and adults. The apparatus consists of a ventilated hood connected to a vacuum cleaner. The subject sleeps with his head on a pillow inside the hood and fresh air is sucked over his face. Diluted expired air leaves the hood through an outlet in the rear wall and its volume is measured with a gas meter. A side-arm fitted to the outlet enabes continuous samples of diluted expired air to be diverted by an aquarium pump into a sampling bag. Safety circuits are incorporated into the hood. (Summary)


Assuntos
Humanos , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Consumo de Oxigênio , Sono , Engenharia Biomédica/instrumentação , Manometria , Métodos
13.
Kingston; Mar. 1959. iii,128 p. tab.
Tese em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-13753

RESUMO

This thesis is an account of investigation in which special diets were fed to rats and the resulting effects on hepatic lipogenesis studied. The carbohydrate and fat contents of the diets were varied and groups of rats on the different diets compared. It was shown in a test system consisting of liver slices that rats, which were previously fed for two days on a relatively high carbohydrate diet, incorporated the carbon of 14C labelled glucose into fatty acids and carbon dioxide at an increased rate when compared with rats fed a relatively low and a control diet. Hepatic glucose - 6 - phosphatase activity was not altered by feeding the different diets. Liver glycogen concentrations was also unaltered. The ratio of this concentrations of oxidised to reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide in liver was higher for rats on the "high" carbohydrate diet than for rats on the "low" carbohydrate and the control diets. The concentration of reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide in liver was decreased by feeding the "high" carbohydrate diet. The plasma "insulin activity" of the rats on the "high" carbohydrate diet was less than that of rats on the "low" carbohydrate diet. There was no significant difference between the "insulin binding" capacity of the livers of rats fed the "high" and "low" carbohydrate diets. It was not possible to offer any explanation, from the experimental results, of how the "high" carbohydrate diet caused an increase in hepatic lipogenesis (AU)


Assuntos
Ratos , Fígado/metabolismo , Carboidratos/metabolismo , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Gorduras/análise , Ácidos Graxos/biossíntese , Insulina/metabolismo
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