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1.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 67(5): 873-7, May, 1998.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-1656

RESUMO

The influence of ascorbic acid on iron absorption from an iron-fortified, chocolate-flavored milk drink (6.3 mg total Fe per serving) was evaluated with a stable-isotope technique in 20 6-7-y-old Jamaican children. Each child received two test meals labeled with 5.6 mg 57Fe and 3.0 mg 58Fe as ferrous sulfate on 2 consecutive days. Three different doses of ascorbic acid (0, 25, and 50 mg per 25-g serving) were evaluated in two separate studies by using a crossover design. Iron isotope ratios were measured by negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry. In the first study, iron absorption was significantly greater (P < 0.001) after the addition of 25 mg ascorbic acid; geometric mean iron absorption was 1.6 percent (range; 0.9-4.2 percent) and 5.1 percent (2.2-17.3 percent) for the test meals containing 0 and 25 mg ascorbic acid, respectively. In the second study, a significant difference (P < 0.05) in iron absorption was observed when the ascorbic acid content was increased from 25 to 50 mg: geometric mean iron absorption was 5.4 percent (range: 2.7-10.8 percent) compared with 7.7 percent (range: 4.7-16.5 percent), respectively. The chocolate drink contained low iron absorption without added ascorbic acid shows that chocolate milk is a poor vehicle for iron fortification unless sufficient amounts of an iron-absorption enhancer are added. Regular consumption of iron-fortified chocolate milk drinks containing added ascorbic acid could have a possible effect on iron nutrition in population groups vulnerable to iron deficiency(AU)


Assuntos
21003 , Criança , Estudo Comparativo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Ácido Ascórbico/administração & dosagem , Cacau , Alimentos Fortificados , Ferro/administração & dosagem , Ferro/farmacocinética , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Estudos Cross-Over , Ferritinas/sangue , Ferritinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise de Alimentos , Alimentos Fortificados/análise , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Absorção Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Jamaica
2.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 65(3): 831-6, Mar. 1997.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-2112

RESUMO

A method is presented to estimate a cutoff for hemoglobin concentration appropriate for estimating the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in poor Jamaican girls 13-14 years of age. Iron deficiency was determined from a three-variable model of iron status (serum ferritin, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and mean corpuscular volume). The most appropriate hemoglobin cutoff was considered the one that minimized misclassification of iron deficiency: that yielding the maximum kappa coefficient for correctly classifying iron deficiency between 100 and 120 g/L, at 1-g/L intervals. By using this method, a hemoglobin cutoff and the other indicators were used to estimate prevalences of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in the Jamaican girls: 7.6 percent and 4.3 percent respectively. This approach should be appropriate for determining hemoglobin cutoffs for iron deficiency anemia in other populations.(AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Anemia Ferropriva/epidemiologia , Ferro/deficiência , Antropometria , Nível de Saúde , Hemoglobinas , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Valores de Referência
4.
J Nutr ; 125(7): 1875-83, July 1995.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-5339

RESUMO

The effects of treating Trichuris trichiura infections were investigated in 407 Jamaican children age 6 to 12 years. The children were randomly assigned to receive treatment (albendazole) or a placebo. The outcome variables included growth, tests of reading, spelling and arithmetic, and school attendance. After 6 months of treatment, there was no significant main effect on any of the outcomes. However, there were significant treatment-by-infection intensity interactions with spelling (P < 0.05) and body mass index (P < 0.01), and a significant treatment-by-stunting interaction with school attendance (P < 0.01). In spelling, the children with heavy infections showed improvements with treatment that approached significance d(P = 0.06), whereas those with lower intensities did not. However, the children with lower infection intensities had increased body mass index with treatment (P = 0.02), although there was no difference in children with heavy infections. In school attendance, the stunted children improved with treatment (P < 0.04), whereas there was no difference in the nonstunted children. These findings suggest that in the sample of Jamaican children examined, the treatment of T. trichiura was more likely to benefit school performance in children of poor nutritional status and those with heavy infections, and to improve weight gain in children with lighter infection intensities (AU)


Assuntos
Criança , 21003 , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Crescimento/fisiologia , Instituições Acadêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Tricuríase/tratamento farmacológico , Logro , Fezes/parasitologia , Ferro/sangue , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Memória/fisiologia , Estado Nutricional , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Tricuríase/epidemiologia , Tricuríase/fisiopatologia , Trichuris/isolamento & purificação , Incidência
5.
West Indian med. j ; 44(Suppl. 2): 43, April 1995.
Artigo | MedCarib | ID: med-5730

RESUMO

Trichuris dysentry syndrome is a severe form of trichuriasis which develops as a result of infection by Trichuris trichuria and can adversely affect the growth and iron status of children. We examined the growth and iron status of ten Jamaican children with trichuris dysentery syndrome, aged 2 to 7 years. Data were collected before treatment and serially, for six months, after treatment. Heights and weights are expressed as standard deviation (Z) scores, which were calculated using the National Center for Health Statistics growth charts. Mean Hb, PVC, MCHC, height Z-score and median serum ferritin before and after treatment are presented in the table. There was a significant increase in the mean height Z-score, mean weight Z-score and mean haemoglobin after treatment; however, median serum ferritin concentration and mean PCV did not increase significantly. The change in average MCHC approached significance. Anthelmintic treatment and iron therapy resulted in an improvement in the Hb, PCV and MCHC levels but did not affect iron stores. Treatment resulted in an increase in the weight Z-score and height Z-score of the patients - table included (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Crescimento , Tricuríase/complicações , Ferro/metabolismo , Jamaica
6.
Parasitology ; 110(pt 3): 347-51, Apr. 1995.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-5879

RESUMO

The relationship between varying intensities of Trichuris trichiura infection and iron status was examined in Jamaica schoolchildren, aged 7 to 11 years. A total of 409 children was identified with T. trichiura (epg > 1200). A control group comprised 207 uninfected children who were matched by school and class to every pair of infected subjects. Blood samples were obtained from 421 children: 264 infected and 157 controls. Compared to the rest of the children, those with heavy infections (epg 10,000) had significantly lower )P < 0.05) Hb (11.5 +/-1.3 vs. 12.1 +/- 1.1 g/dl), MCV (78.6 +/- 6.3 vs 81.2 =/- 5.5 fl), MCH(26.2 +/- 2.9 vs. 27.5 +/- 2.5 pg and MCHC (33.2 +/-1.5 vs. 33.9+/- 1.4 g/dl). Similarly, the prevalence of anaemis (Hb < 11.0 g/dl) amongst heavily infected children (33 per cent) was significantly higher (P <0.05) than the rest of the sample (11 per cent). These differences remained significant after controlling for confounding variables including socio-economic status, age, gender, area of residence and the presence of Ascaris infections. Differences in red cell count, ferritin, and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin were not statistically significant and showed no association with the infectious load. These results suggest that in the Jamaican children studied, iron deficiency anemia is associated with Trichuris infections over 10,000 epg, but not with less intense infections (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Anemia Ferropriva/etiologia , Ferro/sangue , Tricuríase/sangue , Anemia Ferropriva/parasitologia , Hemoglobinas/análise , Ferritinas/análise
7.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 58(5): 622-6, Nov. 1993.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-8342

RESUMO

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the efficacy of oral iron supplementation during pregnancy by using a gastric delivery system (GDS). Three hundred seventy-six pregnant women between 16 and 35 years of age and 14 and 22 weeks gestation were selected if mild anemia was present (hemoglobin concentration 80-110 g/l). The participants were randomly assigned to one of three study groups given no iron, two FeSO4 tablets (100 mg FE) daily, or one GDS capsule (50 mg Fe) daily. Blood was obtained initially and after 6 and 12 weeks for measurement of red blood cell and iron indexes, including serum transferrin receptor. There was a significant and comparable improvement in hematologic and iron-status measurements in the two group of women given iron whereas iron deficiency evolved in women given no iron supplement. We conclude that by elimating gastrointestinal side effects and reducing the administration frequency of an iron supplement to once daily, a GDS offers significant advantages for iron supplementation of pregnant women. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Gravidez , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Ferro/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Anemia/tratamento farmacológico , Cápsulas , Sistemas de Medicação , Testes Hematológicos , Ferro/metabolismo
8.
West Indian med. j ; 39(Suppl. 1): 42, April 1990.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-5276

RESUMO

Mortality amongst severely malnourished children is often associated with an unusually high hepatic store of iron (Fe). Indeed, this excess Fe has been implicated in the aetiology of kwashiorkor. In order to examine the possibility that unbound Fe may be present in the plasma of malnourished Jamaican children, Fe and its transport protein, transferrin were measured. Transferrin saturation ( percentTS) was calculated from plasma Fe and transferrin levels. The measurements were also carried out in a control group of 23 healthy children who had presented for elective minor surgery. Plasma Fe levels (fg/dl) in children with marasmic-kwashiorkor (MK; n = 59. 69ñmeanñ), kwashiorkor (K, n = 37; 76ñ) and in those who died (D;n = 24: 111ñ) were not significantly different from the control group (C; 79ñ). In the marasmic group Fe levels (M;n = 63: 66ñ g/dl) were significantly lower than (p<0.05) than normal. In malnutrition, transferrin levels (mg/dl) were significantly lower (p<0.001) than normal: C - 232ñM - 170ñn = 66: MK - 110ñn = 61: K - 84ñn = 41: D - 77ñn = 24. In the marasmic group transferrin levels were significantly higher (p<0.001) than the other malnourished groups. percentTS was lowest in the marasmic group and highest in the group of children who died. At a percentTS of 30 percent, mortality was 5 per cent compared with a mortality of 24 per cent when percentTS was >90 per cent. It is concluded that oedematous malnourished Jamaican children have normal plasma levels of iron, but significantly reduced levels of circulating transferrin. The latter were more severely decreased in children with kwashiorkor and those who died. Elevated percentTS was associated with increased mortality. It is recommended that iron supplements be witheld during the early stages of resuscitation of the malnourished child (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Transferrina , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil , Ferro/sangue , Ferro/metabolismo , Kwashiorkor/etiologia , Jamaica
10.
Kingston; 1989. xvii,158 p. tab, maps.
Tese em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-13764

RESUMO

A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 240 households containing pre-school aged children and women of reproductive age, in Kingston and St. Andrew, to determine intake patterns with respect to cornmeal and wheatflour, the vehicles proposed for iron fortification. Stratefied cluster sampling was used to identify the study population. Food frequencies provided information on households while women's and children's diets were examined from 24 hour recalls. Cornmeal and wheatflour were important dietary items in both urban and rural areas. Use of both cereals was positively related to the numbers of pre-school aged children, adults and elderly members of the household, and negatively related to the type of fuel used. A mean of 3.1 (ñ2.6)lbs of cornmeal was purchased per household. If the Government of Jamaica's proposal to add 40mg iron/lb to cornmeal were adopted, it is estimated that median dietary iron intake plus fortification iron would supply 7.9mg/day and 9.2mg/day in children under 2 years old and 2-5 years old, respectively. Adult women would consume 14.6mg iron/day. If wheatflour was fortified at 20mg iron/day, total dietary iron intake would be 6.7mg iron/day and 8.8mg iron/day in children 0-2 years and 2-5 years old, respectively. In women fortification of wheatflour would increase intakes to 15.6mg iron/day. Annual per capita cost of fortification is estimated at J$1.28 (US$0.23) at 1987 prices. Single 24 hour recall assessments however, may not be representative of usual diet, hence estimations of available iron must be viewed with caution (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Ferro , Alimentos Fortificados , Zea mays , Triticum , Jamaica , Estudos Transversais , Comportamento Alimentar , Anemia Hipocrômica/prevenção & controle
11.
West Indian med. j ; 37(suppl): 26, 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-6616

RESUMO

High plasma ferritin has been found in all three classes of malnutrition. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the high ferritin is the result of high iron stores or of some other condition whereby ferritin escapes into the plasma from damaged tissue. Normal plasma ferritin is largely glycosylated whereas tissue ferrritin in not. Twenty-six malnourished children (9, kwashiorkor; 7, marasmic-Kwashiorkor; 10, marasmus) were injected intramuscularly with 500 mg desferrioxamine and the urinary iron output over twenty-four hours determined (urinary iron in response to desferrioxamine is an index of the size of iron stores). Total plasma ferritin was measured by an Enzyme Labeled Immunosorbent Assay and plasma glycosylated ferritin by measuring the ferritin remaining in the supernatant after incubating with concanavalin A. Urinary iron excretion correlated significantly with total plasma ferritin and plasma glycosylated ferritin. It was significantly higher in children with oedema. The extent of glycosylation suggests secretion into the plasma via the normal pathway and not by leakage from damaged tissue. The elevation of plasma ferritin in malnutrition can therefore be interpreted as an indicator of high levels or storage iron. This study was supported by the Wellcome Trust (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Distúrbios Nutricionais/metabolismo , Ferritinas/sangue , Ferritinas/metabolismo , Ferro/metabolismo , Jamaica , Kwashiorkor , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica , Desferroxamina
12.
Kingston; s.n; 1987. ix,96 p. tab.
Tese em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-13708

RESUMO

Plasma ferritin is used extensively as a quantitative measure of the size of iron stores in both adults and children. An elevation in plasma ferritin is seen however, not only in iron overload, but also in pathological disturbances such as liver disease, inflammation and malignancies. High plasma ferritin has been found in malnutrition. The aim of this study is to determine whether or not the high ferritin in malnutrition is the result of high iron stores or of some other condition where ferritin escapes into the plasma from damaged tissue. Twenty six malnourished children admitted to the T.M.R.U. ward were injected intra-muscularly with 500 mg of the iron specific chelating agent, Desferrioxamine, and the urinary iron output over twenty four hours determined (urinary iron in response to Desferrioxamine is a good index of the size of iron stores). This test is performed at admission and at discharge, and the urinary iron related by regression analysis to whole blood haemoglobin, packed cell volume, plasma ferritin, plasma glycosylated ferritin, percent glycosylation of ferritin, plasma iron, transferrin, percent saturation of transferrin and reduced glutathione. Urinary iron correlated significantly with plasma ferritin, glycosylated ferritin, transferrin, percent saturation of transferrin, plasma iron and reduced glutathione, and was significantly higher in children with oedema than in those without. Plasma ferritin was also significantly higher in children with oedema. The extent of the binding of plasma ferritin to Concanavalin A suggests secretion into the plasma via the normal pathway and not by leakage from damaged tissue. The data suggests high iron stores and high oxidative stress in malnutrition, the implication of which are discussed (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Plasma/análise , Ferritinas/análise , Ferro/urina , Desferroxamina/diagnóstico , Receptores de Concanavalina A , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica , Jamaica
13.
Br J Haematol ; 60(2): 279-92, June 1985.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-9502

RESUMO

The haematological changes in early years following neonatal diagnosis have been observed in representative groups of children with sickle cell-haemoglobin C (SC) disease, sickle cell-á+ thalassaemia, and in sickle cell-á Thalassaemia. Most haematological indices in SC disease were intermediate between previously published values in SS disease and in AA controls, generally being closer to values in normal children, Eceptions were microcytosis which may be genetically determined and a striking elevation of mean cell haemoglobin cocentration from age 2 months to 4 years. The combination of a raised MCHC and a lowered MCV is unusual and may be characteristic of SC disease. Features in sickle cell-á thalassaemaia generally differed accordingly to the type of á thalassaemia gene. Sickle cell-B degree thalassaemia had lower levels of haemoglobin, MCHC, red cell count, MCV, and higher reticulocytes, most differences being significant before 1 year. No differences between SB degree thalassaemia and Sá+ thalassaemia were apparent in HbF levels (which resembled those in SS disease) or in HbA2 levels (which exceeded those in SS disease by 1 year of age).(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Anemia Falciforme/sangue , Doença da Hemoglobina SC/sangue , Talassemia/sangue , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas , Índices de Eritrócitos , Sangue Fetal/análise , Hematócrito , Ferro/sangue , Jamaica , Talassemia/genética
14.
West Indian med. j ; 34(4): 28, 1985.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-7203

RESUMO

Cohen et al (1974) found a high prevalence of anaemia amongst 0-13 year-old children in the Turks and Caicos Islands. There was a marked inter-island variation with 69 percent of 5-year-old children on Middle Caicos and 28 percent on Grand Turk being anaemic. They ascribed this anaemia as probably being due to iron deficiency. A food frequency questionnaire was designed and weighted so that household iron consumption could be computed as a score. The method was pretested and the score calibrated against 24-hr recalls for three days in 10 individuals: a correlation coefficient of r=0.93 was obtained between the two methods. The questionnaire was administered to the female household head of 144 households on Grand Turk (48), Provodentiales (46) and Middle Caicos (50), selected at random from the register of voters. The foods consumed formed a series of Guttman scales for each of the eight food groups. Chicken, fish, rice, bread and evaporated milk were most frequently consumed. The dietaries were very restricted on each island, with Middle Caicos only having eight major items consumed more than three times per week, by more than 25 percent of households. The households were divided into low, medium and high iron intake categories based on iron scores which correspond to ó7.5, 7.6 to 12.9 and o13mg Fe/d. Grand Turk and Provodentiales were similar with 1 percent of families in the low iron group and 76 percent in the high group. In contrast, 20 percent of families in Middle Caicos were in the low, and only 44 percent in the high iron intake group. The iron equivalent of the overall scores for the three islands were 15.2ñ2.1, 14.6ñ1.7 and 11.8ñ2.7mg/d respectively. The mean RDA for iron for this population's age/sex structure is 10.1 mg/d. When the contributions to the total iron intake from each food group were calculated, Middle Caicos households had significantly lower intakes in each category. These data add support to the hypothesis that dietary iron deficiency is responsible for the high prevalence of anaemia in the Turks & Caicos Islands. Bread and rice were consumed more than 3 times weekly by 98 and 93 percent of households on each island: these were the only items which would be suitable for iron fortification. As the flour and rice are entirely imported from the U.S.A., in relatively small quantities (total population 7,700), it is probably more cost-effective to distribute prophylactic iron supplements than to fortify a dietary constituent (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adulto , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Comportamento Alimentar , Ferro/deficiência , Deficiências de Ferro , Anemia Ferropriva/dietoterapia , Anemia/epidemiologia , Anemias Nutricionais , Índias Ocidentais
15.
Kingston; Sept. 1983. x,189 p. tab.
Tese em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-13780

RESUMO

Circulating serum ferritin concentrations were measured in women during pregnancy, in labour and the puerperium in Jamaica. Ferritin was assayed by an Enzyme Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay supplied by New England Immunology Associates. This proved a reliable method. It was able to quantify low concentrations of ferritin found in some of these women. Three groups of women were studied. (1) A control group of 135 iron supplemented women who were studied longitudinally throughout pregnancy, in labour and 24 - 48 hours post partum. (2) A group of 72 women who were from the lower socioeconomic strata and were not on iron supplementation and received no ante-natal care prior to 32 weeks of gestation. (3) A group of 55 women who had unfavourable outcomes of pregnancies, necessitating admission of their babies to the nursery. The trend in ferritin levels seen from the 12th week of gestation to term was similar to that seen in other studies, with the lowest ferritin value at term. From pregnancy through to 48 hours post partum, a similar trend was shown in all the women irrespective of the gestational age of the infant. The unique finding in this study was a three-fold increase in ferritin levels from 13 æg/1 at term to 39 æg/1 at 24 - 48 hours post partum (p<0.001). This increase was evident during labour where a ferritin value of 21 æg/1 was obtained. The ferritin values of the unsupplemented women were compared with the supplemented group during the last trimester of pregnancy. The unsupplemented women had slightly lower values than the supplemented women, but the difference was not significant. In the unsupplemented group 38 percent of the women had ferritin values of less than 10 æg/1, compared with 18 percent in the control group. Iron supplementation appears to reduce the fall in ferritin levels. For the mothers who had abnormal births, the median ferritin value was 48 æg/1 in comparison to the control group's median of 43 æg/1 (24 - 48 hours post partum). This suggests that ferritin levels were the same irrespective of the outcome of pregnancy. However, the mean maternal ferritin value of the term infants was 52.3 æg/1, whereas the maternal ferritin value of the preterm infants was 32.0 æg/1. This was statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean ferritin value of the non-pregnant women was 27 æg/1, and compared favourably with other studies. The values ranged from 0 - 174 æg/1. Serum ferritin is a useful diagnostic tool to determine iron status in pregnancy. Values of less than 10 æg/1 probably indicate that maternal iron stores are depleted, and that the mother would benefit from iron supplementation. About 45 percent of the poor Jamaican gravidae who have not had any iron supplementation fulfil this criterion for iron deficiency. Optimum obstetric care and universal iron supplementation could be expected to reduce this prevalence of iron deficiency to about 20 percent (Summary)


Assuntos
Humanos , Gravidez , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Ferro/metabolismo , Ferritinas/sangue , Gravidez/sangue , Jamaica , Deficiências de Ferro
17.
Br J Haematol ; 48(4): 533-43, Aug. 1981.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-14384

RESUMO

A cohort study of sickle cell disease from birth has allowed observations on the disease without the symptomatic selection inherent in previous series. The development of haematological indices from birth to 6 years in male and female infants with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease is presented and compared with values in age and sex matched controls with a normal haemoglobin (AA) genotype previously presented elsewhere. In SS disease total haemoglobin levels fell rapidly from birth to a plateau at 3-6 months before falling again to 15 months after which no age related change occured. Mean cell haemoglobin concentration fell from birth to lowest values at 15-18 months before increasing to reach the level present at birth by the age of 5 years. Red cell counts fell rapidly after birth to a plateau at 2 months, increased slightly to 2 months and then fell steadily throughout the remaining period of study. The mean cell voloume and mean cell haemoglobin also fell rapidly after birth reaching the lowest values by 6 months and then increased progressively. Female patients showed significantly higher haemoglobin levels from 15 months to 4« years. Compared to AA controls, SS patients manifested significantly lower levels of haemoglobin from 2 weeks, and red cell counts from 1 month, and significantly higher levels of MCHA from 4 months to 3 years, MCV from 8 months to 5 years, and serum iron levels from 1 to 4 years. Children with SS disease were partially protected from iron deficiency in early childhood, perhaps by increased intestinal absorption of iron, and the associated increase in intracellular haemoglobin concentration might be disadvantageous during this high risk period (Summary)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Anemia Falciforme/sangue , Contagem de Eritrócitos , Índices de Eritrócitos , Hemoglobina A/metabolismo , Hemoglobina Falciforme/metabolismo , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/sangue , Ferro/sangue , Reticulócitos , Fatores de Tempo
18.
Clin Lab Haematol ; 2(3): 169-78, Feb. 1980.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-13885

RESUMO

Haematological indices, including total haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, red cell count, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, reticulocytes, and serum iron values, in a cohort of 243 randomly selected Negro children with normal haemoglobin genotype, followed from birth to 5 years, are reported. Total haemoglobin fell rapidly from high levels at birth to a plateau at 2-6 months, a secondary fall occurred after 6 months and a gradual increase after 18 months. The red cell count also fell rapidly, but increased after 2 months to a plateau and then slowly declined from age 1-5. Mean cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin fell continously from birth to the lowest values at 15 months and then progressively increased to the age of 5 years. Serum iron levels were low at one year of age (mean 9.7 mumol/1) increasing slowly by age 4 and sharply by age 5. Mean cell haemoglobin concentration fell gradually to 1-1 1/2 years and then increased progressively to age 5. Values for Hb, MCHC, MCV, and MCH were consistently and often significantly lower in males before the age of 2 years, compatible with greater depletion of iron stores. Serum iron values were generally lower in males but there was no sex difference at one year when highly significant differences in Hb, MCHC, MCV, and MCH occurred. The cause of sex differences in early haematological development is currently unclear (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Masculino , Feminino , Sangue , Anemia Falciforme/diagnóstico , Contagem de Eritrócitos , Índices de Eritrócitos , Hematócrito , Hemoglobinas/análise , Ferro/sangue , Jamaica , Reticulócitos/citologia
19.
Kingston; Jan. 1978. 108 p. tab.
Tese em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-13778

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to gain some information on food consumption patterns of middle income families. A dietary and budget survey was carried out in 15 households in an urban middle-income area of Jamaica. All the households had children aged six months to three years. Weights and heights were recorded at the beginning and at the end of the survey. The results showed that less than 50 percent of the households had insufficient energy intakes, whilst protein intakes were exceptionally high. The children showed similar levels of high protein intakes, but 73 percent had inadequate energy intakes. The majority of children had weights and heights which compared favourably with the Boston standard. The diets of the children consisted mainly of milk and fruits with varying amounts of chicken, rice, milo, irish potatoes and bread. Eight children were fed from the family pot and these children were all over 12 months old. The diet of the households was quite varied with some 42 food items being eaten. However, the foods which provided best value for money, canned meat and fish, tripe, counter cornmeal, oats, peanut butter, gungo peas, were very rarely or never eaten. The average percentage of income spent on food was 27 percent, with families of income higher than the mean, that is, $187.00 per week, spending a smaller percentage on food than families with an income lower than the mean income. Mean family size was 4.5 members (Summary)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Masculino , Feminino , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Classe Social , Nutrição da Criança , Nutrição do Lactente , Proteínas na Dieta , Ingestão de Energia , Ferro , Cálcio da Dieta , Riboflavina , Comportamento Alimentar , Jamaica
20.
Br J Haematol ; 36(2): 161-70, June 1977.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-12715

RESUMO

Haematological characteristics have been compared in 29 subjects with heterozygous ᧠thalassaemia and in 33 subjects with heterozygous á+ thalassaemia, identified by the type of sickle-cell-á thalassaemia among close relatives, in a Jamaican Negro population. Total haemoglobin, MCV and MCH were significantly lower in the ᧠type but the level of Hb A2 was not significantly different. Individual values for MCV, MCH and Hb A2 in the 225+ type occasionally overlapped those in the normal population casting doubt on the adequacy of these criteria in identifying all cases of heterozygous á+ thalassaemia. The haematological differences are those which would be expected on theoretical grounds. The inability to confidently differentiate the two types of heterozygous á thalassaemia has implications for genetic counselling. The inability to distinguish heterozygous á+ thalassaemia from normals on any single haematological index suggests that surveys depending on estimations of Hb A2 or on MCV alone may have underestimated the prevalence of the á+ thalassaemia gene. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Talassemia/sangue , Talassemia/genética , Contagem de Eritrócitos , Hematócrito , Hemoglobinas/análise , Heterozigoto , Ferro/sangue , Jamaica
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