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1.
In. Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies. 2020 National Health Research Conference: Advancing Health Research in Trinidad and Tobago. Port of Sapin, Caribbean Medical Journal, November 19, 2020. .
Não convencional em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: biblio-1367091

RESUMO

Marked ethnic variations in complications and mortality have been noted following infection with COVID-19, In the United States, the age-adjusted mortality rate among Blacks is 3.8 times, Hispanics 2.5 times, and Asians 1.5 times higher than Whites. In the United Kingdom, the age-adjusted mortality rate among Blacks is 2.9 times, Pakistani and Bangladeshi 2.2 times, and South Indians 1.8 times than that of Whites. One should consider that the increased mortality seen in BAME may be a consequence of impaired glucocorticoid sensitivity stemming from several intrinsic reasons such as chronic social stress and lower circulating levels of Vitamin D. This study aims to evaluate the effect, or lack thereof, of glucocorticoids on Black, Asian and Minority ethnic groups (BAME) when compared to White populations in the setting of COVID-19 treatment.


Assuntos
Humanos , COVID-19 , Glucocorticoides , População , Etnicidade , Mortalidade
2.
Am J Phys Anthropol ; 102(1): 33-53, Jan. 1997.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-2040

RESUMO

This study examines socioeconomic conditions, psychosocial stress, and health among 264 infants, children, adolescents, and young adults aged 2 months to 18 years residing in a rural Caribbean village in Dominica. Fieldwork was conducted over a 9 year period (1988-1996). Research methods and techniques include salivary cortisol radioimmunoassay (N = 22, 438), systematic behavioral observation, psychological questionnaires, health evaluation, medical records, informal interviews, and participant observation. Analyses of data indicate complex relations among socioeconomic conditions, stress, and health. Household income, land ownership, parental education, and other socioeconomic measures are weakly associated with child illness. There is no evidence that apparent material benefits of high socioeconomic status such as improved housing, diet, work loads, and access to private health care have important direct effects on child health in this population. However, social relationship, especially family environment, may have important effects on childhood psychosocial stress and illness. Abnormal glucocorticoid response profiles, diminished immunity, and frequent illness are associated with unstable mating relationships for parents/caretakers and household compositon. We suggest that family relationships and concomitant stress and immunosuppression are important intermediary links between socioeconomic conditions and child health.(AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Nível de Saúde , Glucocorticoides/análise , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Escolaridade , Família , Tolerância Imunológica , Interleucina-1 , Interleucina-8 , Estudos Longitudinais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Radioimunoensaio , Saliva/química , Estações do Ano , Biopterina/análogos & derivados , Biopterina/sangue
3.
West Indian med. j ; 45(3): 92-4, Sept. 1996.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-3499

RESUMO

Fifty seven children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who were seen at two hospitals in Trinidad between 1989 and 1995 (median follow-up period, 38 months) were classified according to their response to glucocorticoids. 27 (47 percent) were two to six years old at presentation; 37 (65 percent) were of East Indian descent, 7 (12 percent) were of African descent, and 12 (21 percent) were of mixed race. 55 (96 percent) responded to glucocorticoids. Renal biopsies in 15 patients revealed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and membranous nephropathy in the two patients who had not responded to glucocorticoids. Ten patients showed mesangial hypercellularity, associated with immunoglobulin deposits in 7 cases. Age, presentation with nephrotic features, mesangial hypercellularity and immunoglobulin deposits did not predict for unresponsiveness to glucocorticoids. These findings may be explained by the predominance of East Indians in the study group.(AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Síndrome Nefrótica/terapia , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Síndrome Nefrótica/etnologia , Síndrome Nefrótica/patologia , Biópsia , Recidiva , Idade de Início , Trinidad e Tobago , Glomerulonefrite Membranoproliferativa
4.
Edinburgh; s.n; 1995. xi,273 p. ilus.
Tese em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-16540

RESUMO

Glucocorticoids are the most effective anti-inflammatory agents currently available, but a variety of adverse effects limit their clinical usefulness. This work explores further two facets of their interaction between glucocorticoids and the skin, with the aim of identifying means of reducing glucocorticoid toxicity. (a) Metabolism of glucocorticoids by skin: Human skin is active in the terminal metabolism of corticol to cortisone, but the biological implications of this process in skin are uncertain. BEcause there are technical difficulties in dealing with human skin, an animal model, the nude mouse, has been evaluated for its suitability to the study of the metabolism of corticosterone to IIB-dehydrocorticosterone (the homologous reaction in rodents of cortisol to cortisone conversion in man); a process mediated by IIB-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. (b) Skin vasoconstrictor response (blanching) to topical glucocorticoids: Glucocorticoids applied topically to human skin produce vasoconstriction in dermal vessels, the degree of which correlates closely with the potency and clinically efficacy of these compounds (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Glucocorticoides/toxicidade , Glândulas Endócrinas/metabolismo , Glândulas Endócrinas/química , Corticosteroides , Testes Cutâneos/métodos , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasoconstrição/fisiologia , Glucocorticoides/fisiologia , Glucocorticoides/história , Glucocorticoides/química
5.
Kingston; Feb. 1988. 297 p. ills, tab.
Tese em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-13731

RESUMO

This study was designed to investigate the effect of stress on cancer development and treatment, and also to determine whether there is any cancer association personality profile. Human studies were supplemented by controlled animal studies. Twenty-nine male and female cancer subjects were studied along with twenty-nine controls. The animal study comprised ninety female Sprague-Dawley rats, which were divided into nine groups of ten. One group was treated with noise stress alone, while another group received no treatment at all. Three groups received the carcinogen 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene together with either noise stress, cortisone acetate or 6-mercaptopurine and the rate of tumour growth in these animals was compared to a group that received only the carcinogen, and after tumour growth these animals were subjected to chemotherapy. In addition to the chemotherapy, one of these groups received noise stress and another cortisone acetate. The stress level of the humans and animals was determined by physiological and psychological tests where applicable. The results of the human study revealed that the level of stress among the cancer subjects was higher than among the controls. Even though in some cases cancer development occured after an event that may be considered stressful, it was not easy to conclude whether stress occurred before or after the cancer development. The controlled animal studies revealed, though, that stress alone could not induce tumour development in the observation period of 280 days. Stress, however, influenced tumour growth when the rats were treated with the carcinogen. The findings of this study also suggested that immunosuppression might play a vital role in cancer development. A cancer associated personality profile, depicting among other things a schizophrenic character, was also detected among the human cancer subjects. The treatment of the cancer subjects who had high stress levels was less successful, and this was substantiated by the results of the animal study, which showed that stressed decreased the life span of the animals receiving chemotherapy and stress. The findings of this study suggest that even though stress may not initiate tumour growth, stress influences the growth of potential tumour cells, and may interfere with the response to treatment (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Ratos , Masculino , Feminino , Estresse Fisiológico/complicações , Neoplasias/psicologia , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/terapia , Ruído/efeitos adversos , Testes Psicológicos/métodos , Psicofisiologia , Imunossupressores , Glucocorticoides/efeitos adversos , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Jamaica , Terapia de Imunossupressão/efeitos adversos , Personalidade , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/induzido quimicamente , 9,10-Dimetil-1,2-benzantraceno/efeitos adversos , Radioimunoensaio/métodos
6.
West Indian med. j ; 24(4): 206-9, Dec. 1975.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-11115

RESUMO

Hypoglycin, B-(methylenecyclopropyl) alanine), administered to starved rats pretreated with corticosterone, caused within 6 hr. a marked decline in blood sugar levels. The findings are evidence that the hypoglycaemic agent imposed a restriction on the rate of gluconeogenesis, against which the multiple actions of the hormone were effective. This conclusion emphasizes the crucial nature of the inhibition which hypoglycin produces in the metabolic sequence of gluconeogenesis (AU)


Assuntos
21003 , Masculino , Ratos , Alanina/análogos & derivados , Ciclopropanos/farmacologia , Glucocorticoides/antagonistas & inibidores , Hiperglicemia/induzido quimicamente , Hipoglicemiantes , Gluconeogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipoglicemia/induzido quimicamente
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