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1.
Rev. panam. salud publica ; 9(4): 272-274, Apr. 2001.
Artigo em Espanhol | MedCarib | ID: med-16959

RESUMO

In October 2000, the Ministries of Helth of the Dominican Republic and Haiti notified two cases of acute flaccid paralyis (AFP) in rural areas, one of them in a 9-month-old female, and the other in a 2-year-old female, respectively. Stool samples that were obtained from these cases, which occured in July and August 2000, after a 9-year interruption of wild poliovirus circulation in the Western Hemisphere, revealed the presence of type 1 poliovirus. Genetic sequencing, which was later performed at the CEnters for Disease Control and Prevention, in Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, revealed an atypical descendant of the virus used in the manufacture of the oral polio vaccine (OPV), but with 3 percent genetic divergence with respect to the parent strain. Normally, viral isolates that derive from vaccine components show 99.5 percent genetic agreement with the parent strain; in wild polioviruses, on the other hand, this agreement is usually less than 82.0 percent. Thus, the 3 percent genetic divergence detected in this study suggests that, in areas with low vaccine coverage, the virus used in the vaccine remained in circulation for at least two years, during which it recovered the neurovirulence and communicability of wild poliovirus type 1. This report describes the characteristics and results of the active search for cases of AFP that was sparked by the detection of the two index cases. It also looks at the public health implications of this outbreak for the entire Region of the Americas (AU)


Assuntos
Lactente , Humanos , Poliomielite/transmissão , América , Surtos de Doenças , Haiti , Poliovirus/isolamento & purificação , República Dominicana , Vacina Antipólio de Vírus Inativado/análise
5.
World Health Forum ; 6(3): 265-67, 1985.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-14499

RESUMO

An analysis of the social and economic costs of the 1982 poliomyelitis epidemic in Jamaica shows that on both counts prevention by immunization is preferable to crisis management (Summary)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Poliomielite/epidemiologia , Imunização/economia , Jamaica , Vacina Antipólio Oral , Vacina Antipólio de Vírus Inativado , Paralisia Bulbar Progressiva
6.
West Indian med. j;21(4): 211-5, Dec. 1972.
em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-11024

RESUMO

Investigations on the epidemiology of poliomyelitis in Trinidad and Tobago were carried out during the anti-poliomtelitis immunization campaign in Trinidad during the first quater of 1963. Poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 were isolated from children prior to immunization. Only 37.6 percent of 514 children tested were found to have antibodies to all three types of poliovirus. The response of two doses of oral trivalent vaccine was best for the type 2 virus and worst for the type 1 virus. Some recommendations are made for control of poliomyelitis in the Caribbean (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Poliomielite/epidemiologia , Poliovirus/imunologia , Vacina Antipólio de Vírus Inativado/imunologia , Poliomielite/prevenção & controle , Trinidad e Tobago , Surtos de Doenças , Imunização
7.
J Trop Med Hyg ; 67(12): 297-99, Dec 1964.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-14510

RESUMO

In British Guiana, from November 1962 to February 1964, there was an outbreak of poliomylites (Type 1) with 485 cases. Ninty per cent of the cases were children five years and under. A sabin trivalent poliomyelitis vaccine was given during the epidemic to 83 per cent of children aged three months to six years in three-and-a-half weeks. Fifty per cent of the children received the second dose of the trivalent live vaccine within the period February 2nd to the end of April 1964. No furthur cases occurred after February. In August and September, twelve clinical cases were reported, but poliovirus was not isolated. Complete recovery followed (Summary)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Poliomielite/epidemiologia , Imunização , Jamaica , Trinidad e Tobago , Guiana , Vacina Antipólio de Vírus Inativado , Vacina Antipólio Oral
8.
West Indian med. j ; 10(2): 133, June 1961.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-7591

RESUMO

An attempt is made to compare the epidemics of poliomyelitis in Jamaica in 1954, 1957 and 1960. This includes the annual incidence, the infant mortality rate in relation to the poliomyelitis attack rate, the distribution of cases by age and parish, the fatality rate by age and the incidence of paralytic and non-paralytic disease. Prior to 1954 epidemic there was serological evidence of Types I, II, and III virus infections. During the epidemic of 1954 and 1957, and since that time, only Type I Poliomyelitis Virus has been isolated locally. There has, however, been serological evidence of Types I, II and III infections since 1957. An attempt has been made to estimate the effectiveness of Salk Immunization. It is suggested that a continued study of antibody levels in the population should be made, the failing of which would be indication for inauguration of further immunization, possible using Live Virus Vaccine (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Poliomielite/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Vacina Antipólio de Vírus Inativado
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