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1.
Int J Food Microbiol ; 31(1-3): 283-99, Aug. 1996.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-2499

RESUMO

The prevalence of Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in black pudding which originated from local vendors and supermarket in Trinidad were determined. The enterotoxigenicity of S. aureus strains and occurrence of 0157:H7 strains among E. coli isolates were also investigated. For the 100 black puddings each sampled from supermarkets and vendors, the mean total aerobic plate count (TAPC) per g was 1.8 x 10 (7) the mean total aerobic plate count (TAPC) per g was 1.8 x 10 (7) +/- 1.5 x 10 (7) and 1.5 x 10(8) +/- 2.3 x 10 (8), respectively. E. coli was isolated from 56 (56.0 percent) black pudding samples from supermarkets with a mean count per g of 9.2 x 10 (6) +/- 7.9 x 10 (6) compared to the prevalence of 79 percent (79 nof 100) and mean count per g of 3.2 x 10 (7) +/- 4.7 x 10 (7) for samples from local vendors. The differences between the prevalences was statistically significant (P < or = 0.0001; chi 2). Only 1 (2.2 percent) of 45 strains of E. coli from supermarket-purchased pudding tested, was an 0157:H7 strain compared to 9 (13.3 percent) of 66 strains of E. Coli from vendor-sold black puding. The difference was not statistically significant (P) or = 0.05; chi 2). Five (5.0 percent) of 100 black pudding samples from supermarkets utyielded Salmonella. wih S. ohio being the predominant serotype. For vendor-sold black pudding, however, 11 (11.0 percent) samples were positive for Salmonella with a new serotype, S. unmamed (4, 12:d-_ being responsible for 50 percent (6 of 12) of isolates from this source. Forty samples each of black pudding from supermarkets and vendors were all (100.0 percent) positive for S. aureus with mean counts per g being 3.1 x 10 (5) +/- 8.8 x 10(5) and 3.3 x 10 (6) +/- 7.7 x 10 (6), respectively. Overall, 27 (33.8 percent) of 80 strains of S. aureus tested were enterotoxigenic producing staphylococcal enterotoxins A(SEA), SEB, SEC, SED or a combination. It was concluded that black pudding poses a high risk to consumers based on the prevalence, microbial load and toxigenicity of the pathogens detected. (AU)


Assuntos
Estudo Comparativo , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Meios de Cultura , Enterotoxinas/metabolismo , Fatores de Risco , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolismo , Trinidad e Tobago
2.
Appl Environ Microbiol ; 60(10): 3647-52, Oct. 1994.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-2106

RESUMO

In natural environments such as anaerobic digesters, bacteria are frequently subjected to the stress of nutrient fluxes because of the continual changes in the flow of nutrients, and to survive, they must be capable of adapting readily to nutrient changes. In this study, the metabolic activities of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter jejuni were studied within culture bags (Versapor -200 filters, 0.22 - microns pore size) in laboratory anaerobic digesters. The metabolic activity of these bacteria was indicated by their adenylate energy charge (EC) ratios and their ability to incorporate [3H] thymidine, which was related to the respective changes in viable number within the culture bags during anaerobic digestion. Fluctuations in the adenylate EC ratios, the uptake of [3H] thymidine, and the viable numbers of E. coli, S. typhimurium, Y enterocolitica, and L. monocytogenes cells were probably due to constant changes in the amount of available nutrients within the anaerobic digesters. The viability of S.typhimurium increased quickly after a fresh supply of nutrients was added to the system as indicated by the uptake of [3H] thymidine and an increase in the adenylate EC ratios. The viable numbers of E. coli, S. typhimurium, Y. enterocolitica, and L. monocytogenes organisms declined rapidly from 10 (7) to 10 (8) CFU/ml to 10(3) to 10 (4) CFU/ml and remained at this level for an indefinite period. The decimal reduction time calculated during the period of exponential decline ranged from 0.8 to 1.2 days for these bacteria. C. jejuni had the greatest mean decimal reduction time value (3 - 6 days).(AU)


Assuntos
Estudo Comparativo , Enterobacteriaceae/metabolismo , Monofosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Anaerobiose , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Campylobacter jejuni/metabolismo , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Meios de Cultura , Enterobacteriaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Listeria monocytogenes/metabolismo , Salmonella typhimurium/metabolismo , Timidina/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Yersinia enterocolitica/metabolismo
3.
J Clin Invest ; 53(1): 117-21, Jan. 1974.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-14819

RESUMO

We studied the acute renal metabolic response in rats made acidotic by a single oral dose of ammonium chloride. Cortical slices from acutely (2-h) acidotic rats utilized more glutamine and produced more ammonia and glucose from glutamine than slices from normal animals. When cortical slices from normal rats were pretreated in vitro with plasma isolated from acutely acidotic rats, they achieved similar increases in glutamine utilization, ammonia formation, and gluconeogensis from glutamine. We did not observe such stimulation in normal cortical slices pretreated in a low pH-low bicarbonate medium. Our data show that a non-dialysable factor is present plasma from acutely acidotic rats that may be responsible for the early increase in the urinary ammonia observed in such animals (AU)


Assuntos
Ratos , Córtex Renal/metabolismo , Amônia , Prótons , Acidose/sangue , Bicarbonatos/farmacologia , Sangue , Cálcio , Meios de Cultura , Gluconeogênese , Glutamina/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio
4.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg ; 66(3): 463-70, 1972.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-14767

RESUMO

The characteristics of 10 strains of Trypanosoma cruzi from British Honduras are reviewed and discussed. The strains were isolated from the faeces of wild-caught Triatoma dimidiata and all proved to be highly pathogenic to white mice and rats and to certain species of wild rodents. All the strains were characterized by a high cardiotropism, which did not diminish even after prolonged passage in further animals. A variable degree of neurotropism, characterized by parlysis of the limbs, produced by the strains was observed in many laboratory animal as well as in some of the experimentally infected wild rodents. Histological studies of organs from several of the paralized animals failed to provide definitive clues as to the origin of the paralysis. A wide range of dimorphism was observed in the blood-forms of T. cruzi from each of the isolated strains; this dimorphism and the mean nuclear index number changed during each passage. The morphogenisis of the parasites in tissues, in the insect vector, and in NNN culture medium, was found to include amastigote, sphaeromastigote, epimastigote and transitional trypomastigote forms, all leading to the formation of the infective trypanosome form. The importance of co-ordinated studies on the biological and physiological characteristics of T. cruzi strains from man, animal reservoirs, and triatomine insect vectors, from the regions where Chagas' disease is endemic, is emphasized as one of the fundamental requirements for the experimental chemotherapy of Chagas' disease (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Camundongos , Ratos , 21003 , Trypanosoma cruzi/classificação , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificação , Doença de Chagas/microbiologia , Belize , Doença de Chagas/complicações , Doença de Chagas/tratamento farmacológico , Meios de Cultura , Reservatórios de Doenças , Fezes/microbiologia , Cardiopatias/etiologia , Insetos Vetores , Morfogênese , Paralisia/etiologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Trypanosoma cruzi/citologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Trypanosoma cruzi/patogenicidade , Virulência , Zoonoses
5.
Ann Trop Med Parasitol ; 65(2): 179-83, June 1971.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-13037

RESUMO

The viability and morphology of Trypanosoma sigmodoni from artificial media are described. Although the parasites in vitro transformed into amastigote, sphaeromastigote and epimastigote stages, they failed to multiply, or to complete their development to trypomastigote form. It is suggested that the forms of T. sigmodoni seen in the cultures may be morphologically similar to the stages of the parasite that may occur in the (as yet unknown) invertebrate host.(Summary)


Assuntos
Ratos , Trypanosoma/isolamento & purificação , Doença de Chagas/microbiologia , Belize , Meios de Cultura , Doenças dos Roedores/microbiologia , Trypanosoma/citologia , Trypanosoma/crescimento & desenvolvimento
7.
Br Guiana Med Ann ; 28: 218-23, 1947.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-8817

RESUMO

A comparison was made of the value of the following media in the isolation of E. typhosa:- MacConkey's Agar, Difco Bismuth Sulphite Agar, Difco S.S. Agar and Tetrathionate Chalk Broth with Brilliant Green in 1: 200,000 dilution. The Bismuth Sulphite medium gave the best results, and tetrathionate chalk broth with brilliant green the next best. Direction plating on MacConkey's Agar and on Difco S.S. is not so efficient (Summary)


Assuntos
Técnicas In Vitro , Meios de Cultura , Febre Tifoide , Ágar
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