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1.
Paramaribo; s.n; 2021. 118 p. ilus.
Tese em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: biblio-1400444

RESUMO

This thesis describes the epidemiology of tuberculosis in multi-ethnic Suriname, as well as progress in diagnosis and treatment trends of tuberculosis(TB) in Suriname.


Assuntos
Humanos , Tuberculose , Terapêutica , Epidemiologia , Diagnóstico
2.
In. Caribbean Public Health Agency. Caribbean Public Health Agency: 60th Annual Scientific Meeting. Kingston, The University of the West Indies. Faculty of Medical Sciences, 2015. p.[1-75]. (West Indian Medical Journal Supplement).
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-17939

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the clinical utility of Chikungunya (CHIKV) test results and clinical symptoms in patients with suspected CHIKV infection. DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients with CHIKV symptoms who presented at a health facility in Grenada during the recent outbreak had a CHIKV diagnostic test form completed by a health professional and a blood sample was drawn. The serum sample was stored at -80oC, shipped to the Naval Infectious Diseases Diagnostic Lab (NIDDL) on dry ice and tested for CHIKV and Dengue (DENV) using PCR real-time assay for viral RNA, and IgM detection by ELISA. RESULTS: Sera from more than 600 patients collected from mid September till mid October, 2014 were drawn and had a CHIKV diagnostic form completed. At the time of writing 112 patients sera have been tested at the NIDDL. 90% of patients had a positive test. PCR only was positive in 8% of patients. IgM only was positive in 83%, and both PCR and IgM were positive in 9% of patients. The major symptoms presented by patients were joint pain (84%), fever (81%), body pain (74%), headache (62%), chills (54%) and rash (49%). CONCLUSION: IgM testing detected 92% of test positive patients while PCR alone detected 17%. The IgM assay was clinically most useful. In an outbreak where dengue is ruled out and CHIKV is the cause, patients with the constellation of symptoms above could be considered positive for CHIKV infection with a 98% accuracy without confirmatory testing.


Assuntos
Vírus Chikungunya , Diagnóstico , Química Clínica , Testes Sorológicos , Granada
3.
In. Caribbean Public Health Agency. Caribbean Public Health Agency: 60th Annual Scientific Meeting. Kingston, The University of the West Indies. Faculty of Medical Sciences, 2015. p.[1-75]. (West Indian Medical Journal Supplement).
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-17992

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To screen high risk patients ≥ 45 years attending primary care facilities who have undiagnosed chronic kidney disease (CKD) and identify this group for further intervention. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was used, the population consisted of all adults 45 years and older in a primary care setting. A validated questionnaire was administered to all eligible participants. RESULTS: A total of 227 participants were recruited to the study. No participant refused to participate resulting in a 100% response rate. One hundred and five participants (105, 46.3%) were classified as normal and one hundred and twenty two (122, 53.7%) were classified as having Stages 1-3 CKD. Further, 22 (18.0%) participants were found to be in Stage 3 of CKD. CONCLUSION: We provide evidence that screening can detect as much as 18.0% of asymptomatic individuals with Stage 3 CKD.


Assuntos
Nefropatias , Diagnóstico , Peneiramento de Líquidos , Estudos Transversais , Trinidad e Tobago
4.
In. Caribbean Public Health Agency. Caribbean Public Health Agency: 60th Annual Scientific Meeting. Kingston, The University of the West Indies. Faculty of Medical Sciences, 2015. p.[1-75]. (West Indian Medical Journal Supplement).
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-18054

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study focuses on middle-aged and older people’s attitude toward older people taking the HIV-test by examining the effect of sociodemographic and HIV-related factors on their agreement with the statement “There is no reason for older people to take the HIV-test because younger ones are more likely to be infected than older ones”. DESIGN AND METHODS: Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistics were used to analyse the data. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effect of sociodemographic and HIV/AIDS related factors on attitude toward older people taking the HIV-test. RESULTS: 64.4% of the participants were born in the Virgin Islands; the average age is 65.3 years; 49.7% had at least a secondary level education; 62.5% were married or in a cohabiting relationship; 63.8% lived in male-headed households. 54.8% strongly disagreed with the notion that older people do not have to be tested because younger ones are more at risk for infection. Bivariate examination showed a significant association between attitude toward older people taking the HIV-test and place of birth; age; education; age of head of the household; religious participation, type of relationship; employment status and number of children; as well as HIV/AIDS-related factors. In binary logistic regression analysis, the two most important influences in attitude toward older people taking the HIV-test were education and agreement with the idea that HV can be prevented by always using condoms with a person who is not your spouse. CONCLUSION: There may be a need to scale up HIV services for the older adult.


Assuntos
Atitude , Idoso , HIV , Diagnóstico , Imunoensaio , Índias Ocidentais
5.
Psychological medicine ; 40(7): 1137-1147, Jul. 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-17621

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: African-Caribbean and black African people living in the UK are reported to have a higher incidence of diagnosed psychosis compared with white British people. It has been argued that this may be a consequence of misdiagnosis. If this is true they might be less likely to show the patterns of structural brain abnormalities reported in white British patients. The aim of this study therefore was to investigate whether there are differences in the prevalence of structural brain abnormalities in white and black first-episode psychosis patients. METHOD: We obtained dual-echo (proton density/T2-weighted) images from a sample of 75 first-episode psychosis patients and 68 healthy controls. We used high resolution magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based methods of image analysis. Two separate analyses were conducted: (1) 34 white British patients were compared with 33 white British controls; (2) 41 African-Caribbean and black African patients were compared with 35 African-Caribbean and black African controls. RESULTS: White British patients and African-Caribbean/black African patients had ventricular enlargement and increased lenticular nucleus volume compared with their respective ethnic controls. The African-Caribbean/black African patients also showed reduced global grey matter and increased lingual gyrus grey-matter volume. The white British patients had no regional or global grey-matter loss compared with their normal ethnic counterparts but showed increased grey matter in the left superior temporal lobe and right parahippocampal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence in support of our hypothesis. Indeed, the finding of reduced global grey-matter volume in the African-Caribbean/black African patients but not in the white British patients was contrary to our prediction.


Assuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos Psicóticos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Diagnóstico , Neuroanatomia , Região do Caribe
6.
Journal of the American College of Surgeons ; 210(6): 1015-1015, Jun. 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-17632

RESUMO

We congratulate Mazza and colleagues for a comprehensive article on their 17-year experience treating nonparasitichepaticcysts (NPHC). Although some mention was made of malignant cystic neoplasms in their reference to the use of tumor markers in the diagnostic workup, as well as the radiologic appearance of irregular, thickened cystic walls, we feel that this important component of cystic hepatic lesions was not sufficiently emphasized. After all, the title of the article is "Management of NPHC," and the consequence of missing a malignant lesion can be catastrophic. Intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma (IBCA) is one of the most common premalignant cystic hepatic lesions, accounting for approximately 5% of all symptomatic cystic lesions. The typical ultrasonographic feature of an IBCA is that of a solitary, multiloculated cyst; whereas the computed tomography scan appearance reveals thin, internal septae. Magnetic resonance imaging shows gadolinium enhancement of the septae. Elevated levels of CA 19-9 in the cystic fluid has also been shown to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. It would therefore be quite interesting to know the radiologic features of the 7 patients diagnosed with cystic neoplasms by Dr Mazza and his team and what specific measures they would recommend to exclude malignancy prior to embarking on definitive management.


Assuntos
Humanos , Cistos , Diagnóstico , Hepatectomia , Hepatopatias
7.
Georgetown; Guyana. Ministry of Health; 2008. 1-90 p. ilus, maps, tab.
Não convencional em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: biblio-906459

RESUMO

The Basic Malaria Microscopy Manuals, Manual of Standard Operating Procedures for Malaria Microscopic Diagnosis and Training Manual Tutor's Guide, for conducting microscopic diagnosis of malaria in Guyana was developed jointly by the Ministry of Health and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) through the RAVREDA-AMI Project. These Manuals are necessary to ensure all partners involved in the multitask holder approach to the control of malaria in Guyana follow the principles of best practices globally tailored to suit the local epidemiologic, social and clinical aspects of malaria control in the country.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , /métodos , Diagnóstico , Malária , Manuais como Assunto/normas , Guiana/epidemiologia
8.
Rev. panam. salud publica ; 14(5): P. 297, Nov. 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-17008

RESUMO

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a silent but dangerous disease affecting an estimated 140 million men and women of all ethnic backgrounds in the Americas. This condition results in disability and millions of premature deaths each year from stroke and heart disease, heart failure, and kidney failure. It is estimated that strokes, heart attacks, and kidney failures resulting from hypertension comprise more than half the mortality in the Americas. These diseases cause untold suffering and lead to major social impacts, economic losses, and reduced productivity in every nation in the Western Hemisphere (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , América , Pressão Sanguínea , Diagnóstico
9.
Mona; s.n; 1999. i,54 p. maps, tab, gra.
Tese em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-17174

RESUMO

A systematic sample of 174 psychiatric patients who were admitted to two urban acute inpatient psychiatric units between November 1998 and January 1999 was analyzed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of patients with dual diagnosis and to compare those patients with other patients without dual diagnosis. The diagnoses were ascertained with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. 100 patients were from Bellevue Hospital and 74 from the University Hospital of the West Indies. The prevalence of dual diagnosis was 32 percent at Bellevue Hospital and 20 percent at University Hospital. Among those with dual diagnosis, schizophrenia and other psychoses (68 percent) was found to be the commonest axis I group disorder, followed by bipolar disorder (17 percent) and major depression (11 percent). Eight-nine percent of patients seen with dual diagnosis had cannabis related diagnosis. Dual diagnosis was more common among male patients (42/47, p<0.001) than among females. When compared to patients who did not have dual diagnosis, these men were found to be younger, in the age range 20-39 years (35/47). Such comparison, also showed that dually diagnosed patients were more likely to have had a previous or current criminal record with odds ratios of 3.67 and 7.44 respectively. The prevalence rates of dual diagnosis in this study are similar to those seen in other countries. Although there were some characterisitcs of the dually diagnosed patients which were similar to that found in studies done in various countries there were few differences. Although not a direct finding of this study, it has been established by previous studies that the fact of having dual diagnosis increases the likelihood of difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. This is further compounded by the absence in Jamaica of any programme to adequately treat these patients. To better inform such treatment planning, future research on dual diagnosis should utilize diverse clinical and functioning measures to make a more detailed needs assessment of these patients (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , THESIS , Hospitais Psiquiátricos , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Comorbidade , Diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Clínico/estatística & dados numéricos , Jamaica , Região do Caribe
10.
Petit Valley; Commonwealth Caribbean Medical Research Council; 1998. 29 p. ilus.
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-16235
11.
CAREC surveillance report ; 16(12) & 17(1): 1-3, December 1990 / January 1991. maps
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-17240

RESUMO

The Pan American Health Organization's (PAHO) initiative to eradicate the transmission of the wild poliovirus from the Americas has required extensive labaratory support. Virologic studies are necessary to confirm suspected cases of poliomyelitis, to identify cases associated with wild polioviruses, to help guide control activities to areas requiring reinforced efforts, and finally to provide evidence that endenic poliovirus transmission has been stopped. Close integration of field and laboratory operations has been the cornerstone of the PAHO Polio Eradication Initiative. This report describes the results of the wild poliovirus isolation for 1989 and the first ten months of 1990 (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Artigo de Revista , Poliovirus , Vigilância em Desastres , Diagnóstico , América
12.
Assoc Gen Pract Jamaica Newsl ; 1(3): 66-70, May 1982.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-10530
14.
Soc Sci Med [B] ; 15(3): 317-32, July 1981.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-15790

RESUMO

The first part of this paper presents data on the socio-medical system of an ethnically heterogeneous society collected during 16 months of fieldwork. Special attention is given to the Black Caribs (or Garifuna). The focus is on the possible functions of alternative therapeutic systems. The second half of the paper provides a semiotic framework for the analysis of illness episodes. It is concluded that the sign of disorder in this context has no single interpertant. Rather there exist a variety of interpertants from which the therapost and patient may select. There are constraints on this process. But the process is enhanced where the patient (and the social group) are free to negotiate a `diagnosis'. Negotiation implies selecting from among a variety of potential meanings; it implies a dialogue in which one goal is an interpretation which is acceptable in cultural terms and which leads to a therapy which is perceived as `appropriate'. Negotiation may also mean the realignment of signs into new `syndromes' which indicate different etiologies or therapies. The existence of alternative therapeutic systems facilitates this process by providing access to new codes governing interpretation. The confrontation with biomedicine and its largely intractable codes may require that the ensuing interpretation incorporate, account for, or partially assimilate the `diagnosis' or interpretation of biomedical personnel. Nevertheless, a single sign may have multiple referents, each consistent with one of the various interpretations imposed by multiple therapeutic systems. These referents may exist simultaneously without inherent contradiction. But to achieve such a consensus may require the development of new models based on an articulation but not an identification of two or more codes.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Idoso , Masculino , Serviços de Saúde do Indígena/organização & administração , Belize , Estado de Consciência , Diagnóstico , Sonhos , Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Medicina Tradicional , Cura Mental , Simbolismo , Terapêutica
17.
Anon.
Port of Spain; Pan American Health Organization; Mar. 1965. 54 p. maps, tab.
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-3228
18.
West Indian med. j ; 1(3): 281-90, Oct. 1952.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-10415

RESUMO

A general private practice, with no midwifery or surgery, in a West Indian town is surveyed. 1,433 new cases were seen within six months. Children accounted for 10 per cent and old people for 9 per cent. There were almost twice as many female as male cases. Every third was a woman aged between 15 and 40 years. The complaints of 1,290 adults were analysed. One out of four came because of pain located in some region of the body; one out of seven was "feeling not well" in a vague way and one out of ten for a female complaint. All other complaints were met with in considerably smaller numbers. The diagnoses made in the same group of adults showed gynaecology to be the largest branch of medicine presented: it could claim every fifth patient and almost every third woman. Conditions mainly of an emotional kind, termed 'functional', were the principal findings in one out of every seven patients (about 14 percent). The group of patients with vague complaints furnished one-third of these cases. Backache was considered functional more often than headache. Malaria was not commonly met with (less that 2 per cent of the adult cases) and no other tropical diseases were diagnosed. The corelation between complaint and medical findings was lowest in regard to heart conditions. People coming from obvious trivialities and unjustified certificates were few. The variety of conditions seen in a general practice and the possible effects of the present day trend towards specialisation are remarked upon (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/normas , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Diagnóstico/estatística & dados numéricos , Jamaica
19.
Arch Pathol ; 41: 32-6, Jan. 1946.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-12113

RESUMO

Among 3,391 admissions for internal diseases at Curacao, Netherlands West Indies, over a period of five years, there were 61 for acute rheumatic fever. Three cases were complicated by chorea minor. Scarlet fever was not observed. Among 1,307 autopsies on native of Curacao, Aruba and Bonaire there were 20 which disclosed typical gross lesions or sequelae of rheumatic carditis. In 12 of these histologic examination was possible, and in 11 typical Aschoff bodies were found. The supposition is advanced that rheumatic carditis is more frequent in the tropics than is commonly believed but that the true incidence can be determined only by collecting reliable data, based especially on autopsies with histologic examinations. (summary)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Cardiopatia Reumática/epidemiologia , Cardiopatia Reumática/etnologia , Cardiopatia Reumática/etiologia , Febre Reumática/epidemiologia , Antilhas Holandesas/epidemiologia , Clima Tropical , Diagnóstico , Nódulo Reumático
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