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1.
Theriogenology ; 51(5): 985-97, Apr. 1, 1999.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-737

RESUMO

Hair sheep ewes (St. Croix White and Barbados Blackbelly) were used to evaluate 3 methods of estrus synchronization for use with transcervical artificial insemination (TAl). To synchronize estrus, ewes (n=18) were treated with PGF2alpha (15 mg, im) 10 d apart, with controlled internal drug release (CIDR) devices containing 300 mg progesterone for 12 d (n=18), or with intravaginal sponges containing 500 mg progesterone for 12 d (n=18). On the day of the second PGF2alpha injection or at CIDR or sponge removal, sterile rams were placed with the ewes. Jugular blood samples were collected from the ewes at 6-h intervals until the time of ovulation, and daily for 16 d after estrus (Day 0). Plasma was harvested and stored at -20 degrees C until LH, and progesterone concentrations were determined by RIA. There was no difference (P>0.10) in time to estrus among the CIDR-, PGF2 alpha- or sponge-treated ewes. All of the ewes in the CIDR group and 94.4 percent of the sponge treated ewes exhibited estrus by 36 h after ram introduction, while only 72.2 percent of PGF2alpha-treated ewes showed signs of estrus by this time (P<0.06). The time from ram introduction to ovulation was not different (P>0.10) among CIDR, PGF2alpha- or sponge-treated ewes. The time to preovulatory LH surge was similar (P>0.10) among treatment groups. Hair sheep ewes (n=23) were synchronized using PGF2alpha and bred by TAI using frozen-thawed semen 48 h after the second injection. The conception rate to TAI was 2/23 (8.7 percent) and produced 3 ram lambs. In a subsequent trial, 17 ewes were synchronized with CIDR devices and bred by TAI using frozen-thawed semen 48 h after CIDR removal, resulting in a conception rate of 52.9 percent (9/17). It is possible to synchronize estrus in hair sheep using either CIDRs, sponges or PGF2alpha. Even though there were no significant differences in the timing of ovulation or the LH surge among the treatment groups, a higher concentration rate was achieved in ewes synchronized with CIDR devices during the second trial. This may reflect an increase in the skill level of the TAI technician.(AU)


Assuntos
Estudo Comparativo , 21003 , Masculino , Sincronização do Estro/fisiologia , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Ovinos/fisiologia , Administração Intravaginal , Dinoprosta/fisiologia , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Ovulação/fisiologia , Progesterona/sangue , Progesterona/fisiologia , Radioimunoensaio/veterinária , Distribuição Aleatória , Clima Tropical , Ilhas Virgens Americanas
2.
West Indian med. j ; 47(Suppl. 3): 30, July 1998.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-1716

RESUMO

We previously showed that prolactin levels are significantly elevated during the recovery process from surgical insult, implying a role for prolactin in the neuroendocrine immune network. Our present study investigates the importance of severity of surgical insult to the prolactin response. Two groups of surgical patients were studied: 7 patients scheduled for "clean" elective surgery, herniorrhaphy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were compared to 7 patients scheduled for prolonged abdominal exploration. Patients who were pregnant or immediate postpartum or on medications affecting prolactin levels were not studied. Blood was drawn for prolactin and cortisol at 8:00 a.m. on the day of surgery prior to the procedure and on postoperative days 1,3 & 5. Prolactin was measured by a chemiluminescence assay (CIBA Corning, NY). Cortisol was measured by radioimmunoassay (INCSTAR). An advanced analysis software SPSS for Windows 6.0 was used to analyze the collected data. The "clean" surgery group consisted of 4 females and 3 males, mean age 51.5 years. The "prolonged" surgery group consisted of 5 males and 2 females, mean age 61.0 years. Using the two tailed test prolactin levels on post operative days 3 & 5 showed statistically significant increased compared to pre-operative levels in the prolonged surgery group. The "clean" surgery group showed no statistically significant changes in prolactin concentration. Cortisol levels were not significantly elevated in either group. The prolactin response to surgery is related to the severity of surgical insult. We postulate that the prolactin response correlates with the magnitude of the immune response.(AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Prolactina/uso terapêutico , Prolactina/análise , Hidrocortisona/análise , Hidrocortisona/uso terapêutico , Medições Luminescentes , Radioimunoensaio
3.
Am J Phys Anthropol ; 102(1): 33-53, Jan. 1997.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-2040

RESUMO

This study examines socioeconomic conditions, psychosocial stress, and health among 264 infants, children, adolescents, and young adults aged 2 months to 18 years residing in a rural Caribbean village in Dominica. Fieldwork was conducted over a 9 year period (1988-1996). Research methods and techniques include salivary cortisol radioimmunoassay (N = 22, 438), systematic behavioral observation, psychological questionnaires, health evaluation, medical records, informal interviews, and participant observation. Analyses of data indicate complex relations among socioeconomic conditions, stress, and health. Household income, land ownership, parental education, and other socioeconomic measures are weakly associated with child illness. There is no evidence that apparent material benefits of high socioeconomic status such as improved housing, diet, work loads, and access to private health care have important direct effects on child health in this population. However, social relationship, especially family environment, may have important effects on childhood psychosocial stress and illness. Abnormal glucocorticoid response profiles, diminished immunity, and frequent illness are associated with unstable mating relationships for parents/caretakers and household compositon. We suggest that family relationships and concomitant stress and immunosuppression are important intermediary links between socioeconomic conditions and child health.(AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Nível de Saúde , Glucocorticoides/análise , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Escolaridade , Família , Tolerância Imunológica , Interleucina-1 , Interleucina-8 , Estudos Longitudinais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Radioimunoensaio , Saliva/química , Estações do Ano , Biopterina/análogos & derivados , Biopterina/sangue
4.
West Indian med. j ; 45(suppl. 2): 14, Apr. 1996.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-4658

RESUMO

Children with the Trichuris Dysentery Syndrome (TDS) are both stunted and wasted. Following treatment, these children show rapid gain in height and weight. Levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), the main mediator of growth hormone (GH) in plasma, have been related to growth velocity. We therefore looked at the relationship between IGF-1 and the anthropometric and biochemical indices of growth in a group of 14 children (2-10 years old) affected by TDS (cases). We also looked at the same indices in 28 unaffected (control) children matched by age, gender, neighbourhood and socio-economic status. The cases were admitted to the Tropical Metabolism Research Unit (TMRU) and treated with albendazole and iron. The following series of anthropometric measurements: height (Ht), weight (Wt), head circumference (HC), mid-upper arm circumference (MCA), triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses were made at predetermined intervals for one year. On each measuring day, blood samples were drawn for plasma IGF-1 determination by radioimmunoassay (RIA). On admission, the mean levels of plasma IGF-1 were significantly lower in the cases than in the controls. More than half of the individual cases (57 percent) fell below the IGF-1 assay reference levels for their age and gender, the others were at the low end of the range. All of the control levels were within the reference range. Three weeks after hospital discharge (approximately 4 weeks after worm expulsion) the cases had a significant rise in levels of plasma IGF-1: mean = 13.09, SD = 2.97, SEM = 0.86, but were still significantly lower than the controls, 95 percent CI (-11.34, -2.19), p = 0.008. Three months after treatment, there was no significant difference in mean plasma IGF-1 levels between the cases and the controls. This study indicates that low circulating IGF-1 is associated with reduced collagen synthesis. Levels of plasma IGF-1 are correlated with the anthropometric indices of growth and nutrition and reflect the severity of disease in these children (AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Tricuríase/complicações , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Radioimunoensaio
5.
J Pineal Res ; 20(2): 90-7, Mar. 1996.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-2998

RESUMO

It has been hypothesized that pineal structure and function might differ between temperature zone and tropical species of mammals because of lower amplitudes of seasonal change in photoperiod and, in some areas, less seasonal climatic variation. Anoura geoffroyi produce a single offspring in November or December of each year on the Caribbean island of Trinidad, at 10 degrees N latitude in the deep tropics. Previous work has shown that this population lacks reproductive responses to photoperiod, and must be enforcing seasonal breeding using a non-photoperiodic cue. Anoura geoffroyi have a minute, thin, and rod-like pineal gland. Throughout much of its length, the pineal courses irregularly within the ventrolateral wall of the great cerebral vein. This intimate relationship may have functional implications. Despite having a very small pineal gland, this species produced a nocturnal rise in serum melatonin. Serum melatonin levels in most individuals were below or near undetectable levels during the light period and rose to a peak averaging 100 pg/ml in the last third of the dark period. Our results indicate that, although the pineal gland of A. geoffroyi is extremely small, serum melatonin levels are comparable to those of other mammals.(AU)


Assuntos
21003 , Masculino , Quirópteros/anatomia & histologia , Quirópteros/fisiologia , Melatonina/sangue , Glândula Pineal/anatomia & histologia , Glândula Pineal/fisiologia , Ritmo Circadiano , Fotoperíodo , Radioimunoensaio , Reprodução
6.
Ann Clin Lab Sci ; 21(6): 426-9, Nov.-Dec. 1991.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-15947

RESUMO

Cord blood thyrotropin (TSH) screening for congenital primary hypothyroidism has been in effect on the island of St. Lucia for the past three years. Umbilical cord blood samples are obtained on Guthrie filter paper and then transported 3,000 miles to Loyola University of Chicago and delivered to the Illinois State Metabolic Screening Laboratory. There TSH is measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). After three years, 1,789 newborns have been screened, and the mean value is 6.23 +/-0.13 microIU per ml. This mean value is less than previously reported by us in 1986 (10.23 +/-0.29 microIU per ml.).13 It is concluded that this screening service continues to be possible far removed from the population under observation. No case of primary hypothyroidism has been detected. Our decreased mean TSH value is due to the new method currently used by the Illinois State Metabolic Screening Laboratory. Congenital hypothyroidism will not be missed provided internal controls are established and rigidly observed. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Sangue Fetal , Hipotireoidismo/diagnóstico , Tireotropina/sangue , Hipotireoidismo/diagnóstico , Hipotireoidismo/epidemiologia , Radioimunoensaio , Santa Lúcia
7.
West Indian med. j ; 39(4): 218-24, Dec. 1990.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-14274

RESUMO

The effect of a controlled stress (DPT inoculation) on the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis was investigated in children nutritionally rehabilitated from severe malnutrition. The age range of the 15 children studied was 6-26 months. Plasma insulin (INS), growth hormone (GH) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) were measured by radioimmunoassay; plasma glucose (GLU) by a glucoseoxidase method; and red cell insulin binding ( percentSB) was determined, using A-14 monoiodinated insulin. Measurements were made on two occasions: (T-O) at 10 a.m.,12 hr before DPT inoculation, and (T-36) 36 hr. after inoculation. On both occasions, 4 hr post-prandial blood samples were used, and the mean body temperature(T) on the day of the test was determined. Red cell insulin binding ( percentSB) was significantly higher at T-36 than at T-O (16.8 ñ 1.7 vs 12.1 ñ 1.2 (14), p=0.005). (Results were expressed as mean ñ SEM, numbers of paired observations in parentheses). The higher percentSB after DPT was accompanied by an increase in the number of receptor sites (S) (29.05 ñ 6.5 vs 15.6 ñ 2.5 (14),p=0.025). However, insulin receptor affinity (K x 10(9)M(-1)) was decreased 0.7 ñ 0.1 vs 1.5 ñ 0.3(14), p=0.008). There were no significant differences in the plasma levels of insulin, glucose and interleukin-1, but plasma growth hormone (æU/ml) was increased after DPT, (18.0 ñ 3.0 vs 11.5 ñ 1.2 (13), p=0.04). Body temperature (§C) was also significantly increased after DPT,(99.9 ñ 0.4 vs 98.3 ñ 0.2(14), p=0.006). The change in plasma glucose from T-O to T-36 tended to be associated with both a change in plasma insulin (p=0.06) and plasma growth hormone (p=0.07). Increased insulin binding, as one index of increased insulin sensitivity during fever, can contribute to a reduction in blood glucose. However, the elevation in plasma growth hormone cold buffer the hypoglycaemic effect of insulin, and help to maintain glucose homeostasis (AU)


Assuntos
Lactente , Humanos , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/efeitos adversos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/sangue , Hormônios/sangue , Homeostase/efeitos dos fármacos , Temperatura Corporal , Plasma , Insulina/sangue , Interleucina-1/sangue , Hormônio do Crescimento/sangue , Radioimunoensaio
8.
Int J Epidemiol ; 19(3): 698-702, Sept. 1990.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-12214

RESUMO

Measles antibody titres were determined by haemagglutination inhibition and by neutralization in 221 sets of serum collected from delivering mothers, umbilical cords, and infants when about six months of age. Radio-immunoassay was also used to measure antibody in 120 sera. Total IgG concentration was determined in the infant sera. All mothers had measles antibody and the mean titre was high. At the time of birth, measles antibody had been further concentrated in the infant. Nevertheless, many children lost protective titres before six months of age. The rate of loss was correlated with the infant's total serum lgG so that high lgG levels at six months correlated with rapid loss of measles-specific antibody. It is suggested that in homes where sanitation is poor, antibody is made to many agents as an early age. To maintain physiological balance, homeostatic mechanisms then increase the rate of catabolism of all lgG, including that passively acquired. In keeping with its stage of sanitary development, vaccination in Jamaica can profitably be given earlier than in the United States, but it must be later than in many African countries. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Gravidez , Lactente , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Imunidade Materno-Adquirida/fisiologia , Sarampo/imunologia , Fatores Etários , Feto , Sangue Fetal , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Imunoglobulina G/classificação , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Radioimunoensaio
9.
West Indian med. j ; 39(Suppl. 1): 68, Apr. 1990.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-5236

RESUMO

The effect of a controlled stress (DPT innoculation) on the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis was investigated in children nutritionally rehabilitated from severe malnutrition. The age range of the 15 children studied was 6-26 months. Plasma insulin (INS), growth hormone (GH), interleukin-1 (IL-1) were measured by radio-immunoassay, plasma glucose (GLU) by a glucose oxidase method, and red cell insulin binding (RCIB) was determined using A-14 monoiodinated insulin. Measurements were made on two occasions: (1) at 10:00 a.m., 12 hrs. before DPT innoculation, and (2) 36 hrs. after innoculation. On both occasions, 4-hr. post-prandial blood samples were used, and the mean body temperature (BT) on the day of the test was determined. Plasma INS (æU/ml), GH (æU/ml), RCIB (percentage) and BT (C) were higher after DPT than before, plasma G1U (mM) was lower after DPT, and plasma IL-1 (fM/ml) was unchanged. The higher RCIB (percentage) after DPT was associated with an increase in the number of receptor sites (S), and a decrease in receptor affinity (K). The results (expressed as means ñ SEM) are summarized in the Table given. Significant positive correlations were shown between GLU and INS (r = +0.56, p < 0.015), and between IL-1 and RCIB (r = +0.66, p < 0.01) before DPT, but these relationships disappeared after DPT. A significant negative correlation was shown between glucose and insulin binding (r = -0.47). p < 0.05), when values before and after DPT were pooled. The results suggest that increased insulin binding may contribute to the lowering of blood glucose levels during the inflammatory response (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Criança , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche , Glicemia/metabolismo , Radioimunoensaio
10.
J infect dis ; 158(6): 1235-44, Dec. 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-10057

RESUMO

Detection of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibody was assessed on 368 sera from subjects with different clinical features and from different parts of the world. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay for purified p24 antibodies (p24-RIA) used as screening tests agreed in 88.7 percent of the sera. The results from 247 selected sera were compared with western blot (WB). WB was reactive in sera five to 25 times more dilute than the last positive ELISA or p24-RIA, but different WB batches varied in sensitivity. ELISA was more sensitive than p24-RIA, and p24-RIA was more specific than ELISA. Indeterminate WB interpretations were common (25.5 percent). Most seropositive intravenous drug abusers had unusually strong p24 bands by WB. Among healthy individuals, positive WB reactivity increased with age, whereas indeterminate reactivity declined (P=.034). Thus more sensitive and -specific HTLV-I antibody tests are needed. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-I/análise , Infecções por HTLV-I/epidemiologia , África Ocidental , Fatores Etários , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Western Blotting , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Infecções por HTLV-I/imunologia , Jamaica , Japão , Leucemia/imunologia , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/imunologia , Linfoma/imunologia , Panamá , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Radioimunoensaio , Fatores de Risco , Estados Unidos
11.
Kingston; Feb. 1988. 297 p. ills, tab.
Tese em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-13731

RESUMO

This study was designed to investigate the effect of stress on cancer development and treatment, and also to determine whether there is any cancer association personality profile. Human studies were supplemented by controlled animal studies. Twenty-nine male and female cancer subjects were studied along with twenty-nine controls. The animal study comprised ninety female Sprague-Dawley rats, which were divided into nine groups of ten. One group was treated with noise stress alone, while another group received no treatment at all. Three groups received the carcinogen 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene together with either noise stress, cortisone acetate or 6-mercaptopurine and the rate of tumour growth in these animals was compared to a group that received only the carcinogen, and after tumour growth these animals were subjected to chemotherapy. In addition to the chemotherapy, one of these groups received noise stress and another cortisone acetate. The stress level of the humans and animals was determined by physiological and psychological tests where applicable. The results of the human study revealed that the level of stress among the cancer subjects was higher than among the controls. Even though in some cases cancer development occured after an event that may be considered stressful, it was not easy to conclude whether stress occurred before or after the cancer development. The controlled animal studies revealed, though, that stress alone could not induce tumour development in the observation period of 280 days. Stress, however, influenced tumour growth when the rats were treated with the carcinogen. The findings of this study also suggested that immunosuppression might play a vital role in cancer development. A cancer associated personality profile, depicting among other things a schizophrenic character, was also detected among the human cancer subjects. The treatment of the cancer subjects who had high stress levels was less successful, and this was substantiated by the results of the animal study, which showed that stressed decreased the life span of the animals receiving chemotherapy and stress. The findings of this study suggest that even though stress may not initiate tumour growth, stress influences the growth of potential tumour cells, and may interfere with the response to treatment (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Ratos , Masculino , Feminino , Estresse Fisiológico/complicações , Neoplasias/psicologia , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/terapia , Ruído/efeitos adversos , Testes Psicológicos/métodos , Psicofisiologia , Imunossupressores , Glucocorticoides/efeitos adversos , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Jamaica , Terapia de Imunossupressão/efeitos adversos , Personalidade , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/induzido quimicamente , 9,10-Dimetil-1,2-benzantraceno/efeitos adversos , Radioimunoensaio/métodos
13.
West Indian med. j ; 34(2): 109-13, June 1985.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-11545

RESUMO

Serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), triodothyronine (T3), thyrotropin (TSH), T3 uptake (T3U), free thyroxine (FT4I) and free triodothyronine (FT3I) indices and testosterone (T) were studied by radioimmunoassays to elucidiate thyroid-gonad relationships in 30 men of African origin with bronchial asthma. In asthmatic subjects, (i) there were decreases (p<0.001) in both serum T3, FT3I and T levels;(ii) significant increases (p<0.001) in T3U were not associated with changes in serum T4 and FT4I, indicating an abnormality in thyroid-binding globulins (TBG); and is concluded that the hypophyseal-thyroid-gonadal axis may be set at a lower level in asthmatic patients (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Asma/fisiopatologia , Testículo/fisiopatologia , Glândula Tireoide/fisiopatologia , Asma/sangue , Radioimunoensaio , Testosterona/sangue , Hormônios Tireóideos/sangue
14.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet ; 23(1): 37-40, Feb. 1985.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-9478

RESUMO

To find out whether plasma vasopressin (PAVP) response to a water load during pregnancy is inappropriately high, as had been speculated, we measured PAVP by radio-immunoassay in 30 women at the time of delivery. Ten women had received infusion of aqueous glucose solution during labor for hydration (GW group); another ten received infusion of glucose solution as a vehicle for oxytocin (OT group), and ten women did not receive any intrapartum intravenous fluid therapy (controls). Serum sodium and osmolality were also determined in all the subjects. PAVP levels were significanty lower in GW (0.70) ñ 0.4 pg/ml)and OT groups (0.7 ñ 0.6 pg/ml) (P< 0.05). Significant negative correlation was seen between the amount of glucose solution infused and levels of PAVP (r = 0.61; P< 0.01). These findings suggest that during labor, the physiological relationship between serum osmolality and PAVP is intact, and that infusion of a water load in the form of aqueous glucose solution is attended by an expected lowering of PAVP. We infer that inappropriate ADH response is not the cause of water retention and hyponatremia often seen in women receiving aqueous glucose solution during labor.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Arginina Vasopressina/sangue , Hidratação , Trabalho de Parto , Solução Hipertônica de Glucose , Concentração Osmolar , Radioimunoensaio , Sódio/sangue
15.
Hum Nutr Clin Nutr ; 39C: 245-57, 1985.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-12066

RESUMO

Plasma concentrations of free triiodothyronine (FT3), total triiodothyronine (TT3) and total thyroxine (TT4) were reduced to 63.0, 37.7, 61.7 per cent of controls respectively in protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), while free thyroxine (FT4) was elevated by 23 per cent. There was a gradual increase of both TT4 and TT3 during recovery. The ratio of free to bound hormones was high in malnutrition and declined with recovery, indicating a deficiency of thyroid-hormone binding in malnutrition. The observation of a significant reduction (P<0.05) in T3/T4 ratios, which occurred in malnutrition and was induced during recovery after 3 d on a low energy maintenance diet, suggested depressed conversion of T4 to T3 due to energy restriction. Energy restriction also significantly (P<0.001) depressed plasma insulin concentrations in the presence of nearly constant glucose levels. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Glicemia/metabolismo , Insulina/sangue , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/sangue , Tiroxina/sangue , Tri-Iodotironina/sangue , Peso Corporal , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/dietoterapia , Radioimunoensaio
16.
Kingston; s.n; Oct. 1982. 341 p. ills, tab.
Tese em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-13680

RESUMO

Low insulin release has been observed in PEM; however, structural damage of the endocrine pancreas is not considered a major causative factor. Although PEM can be considered a stress situation, and catecholamines are known to be inhibitors of insulin release, little work has been done on the role of the sympathoadrenal system on insulin release in PEM. Control rats (132ñ2.6 g) and malnourished rats (53ñ0.55 g) fed on lab chow for 21-28 days after weaning were anaesthethized with 50 mg/kg body weight sodium-pentobarbital intraperitoneally, and blood for insulin radioimmunoassay sampled from the portal vein. Fasting insulin levels in 30 malnourished and 30 control rats were 1.6ñ0.4 uU.ml and 3.93ñ0.26 uU/ml respectively (p<0.001). The two groups of animals showed a significant difference in insulin output in response to glucose load. After collecting fasting blood in malnourished and control rats, an alpha-receptor blocker, phentolamine (0.25 mg/kg body weight), was administered through the inferior vena cava and blood sampled over a period of 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The area under the curves showed no difference in magnitude of insulin release in the two groups. Administering O-methyltyrosine (80 mg/kg body weight) for four days before sacrifice, catecholamine synthesis was blocked in 30 control and 30 malnourished rats. The fasting insulin levels in control and malnourished rats were 9.83ñ0.86 uU/ml and 9.63ñ0.6 uU/ml respectively. The insulin response to intravenous glucose challenge in the control and malnourished rats treated with O-methyl tyrosine for four days before sacrifice was exaggerated during the first phase of release and was of the same magnitude in both groups as compared with rats without drug treatment. Fifteen control and 15 malnourished rats were treated with tranquilizer, diazepam (0.15 mg/kg body weight), over a period of 10-14 days. Fasting insulin levels in the malnourished and control rats were 3.17ñ0.16 uU/ml and 4.61ñ0.11 uU/ml respectively, a significant increase (p<0.001) in the malnourished animals compared with rats without drug treatment. The plasma calcium and potassium levels, which are known to influence insulin release, showed no significant difference between control and malnourished groups. Finally, the histological examination of the islets by light microscopy showed the presence of "normal" B cells in both the malnourished and control rats. These results show that the sympathoadrenal system is one of the factors causing low insulin release in PEM. Although in PEM low insulin output is a form of adaptation to life, high insulin levels are required during treatment. The anabolic effect of insulin might, therefore, be enhanced if PEM patients were subjected to less stress during the period of treatment (AU)


Assuntos
Ratos , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Glândulas Suprarrenais , Sistema Nervoso Simpático , Estresse Fisiológico , Distúrbios Nutricionais/veterinária , Radioimunoensaio/métodos , Glucose/metabolismo , Fentolamina/metabolismo
17.
Int J Cancer ; 30(3): 257-64, Sept. 15 1982.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-14448

RESUMO

Type-C RNA tumour viruses have been implicated in the etiology of naturally occurring leukemias and lymphomas of animals. Human T-cell leukimia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) is the first human virus of this class consistently identified in association with a specific type of human leukemia/lymphoma. The isolation of HTLV was made possible by the ability to grow mature T-cell in tissue culture usually with T-cell growth factor (TCGF). We now report a cluster usually with T-cell leukemia/lymphoma among Blacks from the Caribbean in which all eight cases are positive for HLV virus and/or antibody. These patients have diseases that appears indistinguisable from Japanese adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma which, as we have also reported, is associated with HTLV in over 90 percent of cases. The finding of HTLV antibodies in some of the normal population in the Caribbean and Japan, and the clustering of a specific form of T-cell leukemia/lyphoma in these virus-endemic areas, suggest that HTLV infection may be associated with the occurrence of a distinctive clinico-pathologic entity (Summary)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , 21003 , Masculino , Feminino , Leucemia/imunologia , Linfoma/imunologia , Retroviridae/imunologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Antígenos Virais/análise , Células Cultivadas , Leucemia/patologia , Linfoma/patologia , Radioimunoensaio , Linfócitos T , Índias Ocidentais
18.
J Hyg Lond ; 88(2): 309-24, Apr. 1982.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-14800

RESUMO

An IgM-antibody capture radioimmunoassay (MACRIA) was developed for detection of IgM antibody specific for the human parvovirus-like agent B19. Diagnosis of infection with this agent by either antigen detection or antibody seroconversion had been made by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in 18 cases of aplastic crisis occurring in children with homozygous sickle-cell desease. The MACRIA described here gave positive results in 17 of 18 cases; in the remaining case only an acute specimen taken from the patient during viraemia and late convalescent specimens taken 184 and 247 days after onset of illness were avaliable. The test was used to investigate 20 further cases of aplastic crisis in which neither viral antigen nor antibody seroconversion could be detected by CIE. Detection of virus-specific IgM permitted diagnosis of infection with this parvovirus-like agent in 17 of these cases. In the remaining three cases only single serum specimens taken late in convalescence, 82, days or more after the onset of symptoms, were available. In addition to these 34 cases of aplastic crisis in which primary infection with this agent was diagnosed by MACRIA, seven cases of apparent 'silent' infection detected by CIE were investigated. The test permitted the discrimination between primary infection and re-exposure to the virus in six of these patients. The use of this assay has added a considerable weight of evidence implicating primary infection with this parvovirus-like agent as an important cause of aplasic crisis in children with sickle-cell disease. Furthermore, MACRIA permits diagnosis of infection when only single serum specimens taken up to ten weeks after infection are available. Thus the use of this test will significantly facilitate the investigation of other clinical syndromes of presumptive infective infectious aetiology (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adulto , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Parvoviridae/imunologia , Anemia Aplástica/etiologia , Anemia Aplástica/imunologia , Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Anemia Falciforme/imunologia , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Radioimunoensaio/métodos , Padrões de Referência , Fatores de Tempo
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