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1.
West Indian med. j ; 49(suppl. 2): 56, Apr. 2000. tab
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-896

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of obesity in a health center in Guadeloupe and analyse the association of known cardiovascular risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From a total of675 people aged 18 to 75 years attending a health centre between April and September 1999, 79 obese patients (BMI> 30) and 158 non-obese age and sex matched controls were enrolled. Pregnant patients were excluded. Medical histories were obtained by standardised questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and laboratory measurements were done. RESULTS: Among the 675 subjects, prevalenceof overweight (BMI>25 and<30) was 35.4 percent) formen vs 38.9 percent for women and prevalence of obesity (BMI >30) was 9.7 percent for men vs 18.6 percent for women. Results in cases and controls are shown in the table. A logistic regression revealed that sedentary way of life, hypertension and a WHR>0.90 were cardiovascular risk factors significantly and independently associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: These results have shown a high percentage of overweight subjects for whom it is necessary to organize the prevention of cardiovascular disease by the control of hypertension, dietary restriction and exercise training. (Au)


Assuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Guadalupe , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Exercício Físico , Dietoterapia
3.
West Indian med. j ; 46(1(Suppl.1)): 29, Feb. - Mar. 1997.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-2405

RESUMO

Management of diabetes is the responsibility of the person with diabetes. Success in any endeavour demands a certain degree of discipline and commitment. This is no less true for the diabetes diet than it is for one's work or personal relationships. The diabetes diet is a healthy diet; it is consistent with the Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute's goals for the general population, and everybody would benefit from following it. Being on a diet involves, on the one hand, an element of "deprivation"; portion sizes need to be controlled and choices have to be made which may result in eating less of some foods and more of others. There may be a need for control of meal timing and consistency. The coping strategies of some individuals may require prohibition of some foods in much the same way that some ex-alcoholics need to avoid alcohol entirely because they cannot restrict themselves to moderate use. On the other hand achieving "satisfaction" should be a major aim. Indeed, if the diet is to follow successfully it must be satisfying and include foods which the individual likes. There is no a prior need to prohibit any food; even refined sugar can be incorporated into a diabetes diet plan - and some may actually be beneficial. The health care professional's role is to motivate the individual with diabetes to take control of his or her diet by providing education, advice and support which are appropriate to their needs and abilities, to encourage the setting of realistic goals and to provide positive feedback when the goals are achieved (AU).


Assuntos
Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus/dietoterapia , Adaptação Psicológica , Dieta para Diabéticos , Dietoterapia
4.
Anon.
Cajanus ; 29(2): 84-99, 1996.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-3151

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of high-energy, high protein, oral, liquid, nutrition supplementation and nutrition counselling on the weight status of patients infected with the human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) with and without secondary infections. DESIGN: prospective, descriptive, intervention trial. Follow-up clinic visits were scheduled every 1 to 3 weeks for at least 6 weeks to monitor weight, gastrointestinal symptoms, number of supplements consumed, and incidence of secondary infections. SUBJECTS/SETTING: community-based, HIV-infected patients, with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) defining illness, who were receiving outpatient medical care at Deaconess Hospital, 17 patients were evaluated. INTERVENTION: dietary counselling consisted of recommendations to consume a high protein diet (1.5 g/kg ideal body weight); select foods that minimize gastrointestinal complications; and at least one high-energy, high-protein, oral, liquid, nutrition supplement daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Energy intake from the supplements and weight change over time in relation to whether a secondary infection occurred. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Means, standard deviations, and frequency. RESULTS: At the time of entry to the study, the patients with pre-existing weight loss (16 of 17) were 14 ñ 8 percent below their usual body weight. On average, patients consumed 11 ñ 4 supplements per week for 6 ñ 3 weeks. The majority (12 out of 17) were able to gain or maintain weight. Overall weight gain was 1.1 ñ 2.2 kg. Only 5 of 17 patients lost weight, 4 of whom developed a secondary infection during the study (i.e, after enrollment in the study). All of those who developed a secondary infection were classified as having AIDS and had lower mean CD4 counts at baseline than those who did not develop a secondary infection. Although those who developed a secondary infection had a higher incidence of weight loss, their consumption of oral supplements per week was greater than that of those without a secondary infection. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: In patients with HIV infection and in the early stages of AIDS without a secondary infection, weight gain and/or maintenance was achieved with a high-energy, high-protein, oral, liquid, nutrition supplement in conjunction with nutrition counselling. The majority of patients who developed a secondary infection, however, lost weight despite the use of supplements and counselling (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por HIV/dietoterapia , Avaliação Nutricional , Alimentos Fortificados , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Alimentos Fortificados , Alimentos Formulados , Dietoterapia , Aumento de Peso , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica , Redução de Peso
6.
Kingston; CFNI/PAHO; 1994. 23 p.
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-16155

RESUMO

Lists side effects of commonly used drugs which may affect nutritional status or which may be affected by food intake. Drugs are listed by general classification(in dark print), By generic name or chemical class, and by product name(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Interações Medicamentosas/fisiologia , Região do Caribe , Ciências da Nutrição , Países em Desenvolvimento , Dietoterapia/métodos
7.
Kingston; CFNI/PAHO; 1994. 32 p.
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-16157

RESUMO

Covers various diets recommended as treatment for hepatic disorders


Assuntos
Humanos , Artéria Hepática/anormalidades , Dietoterapia/métodos , Região do Caribe , Dietética , Dietética/métodos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Ciências da Nutrição
8.
Anon.
Kingston; Pan American Health Organisation; 1994. 32 p.
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-16451
9.
Anon.
Kingston; Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute; 1994. 71 p.
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-16470
15.
In. Fraser, Henry S; Hoyos, Michael D. Therapeutics and family medicine update 1985 : proceedings of the continuing medical education symposia in Barbados and Antigua in 1984. Bridgetown, University of the West Indies (Cave Hill). Faculty of Medical Sciences, 1985. p.72-5.
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-9828
16.
Anon.
Kingston; Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute; 1984. 177 p.
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-16068
17.
[Kingston]; Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute; 1984. 12 p.
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-16559

RESUMO

The importance of diet in the management of diabetes mellitus is well recognized yet many diabetics do not follow their diets. There are a variety of reasons for the failure of dietary management. These include a lack of motivation, inadequate instructions or understanding, a monotonous choice of foods and unrealistic expectations. This paper will present the concepts of diet therapy and those objectives and strategies which are currently generally accepted in the dietary management of diabetes (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus , Jamaica , Hiperglicemia , Região do Caribe , Dietoterapia , Necessidades Nutricionais , Estilo de Vida , Arteriosclerose , Arteriosclerose/prevenção & controle
19.
Kingston; Mar. 1982. 91 p. tab.
Tese em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-13724

RESUMO

Research indicates that a large percentage of hospitalised patients in the United States and England suffer from protein energy malnutrition (P.E.M.) but this condition is usually undiagnosed. The study aimed to investigate the situation at a rural Jamaican hospital by firstly determining the nutritional status of the patients and secondly, assessing the awareness of the doctors of nutrition, in the management of their patients. The sample comprised 297 patients (108 medical, 90 surgical and 99 paediatric) consecutively admitted to the hospital during the three month study period. The investigator assessed the nutritional status using four standard anthropometric measurements viz:- weight, height, mid upper arm circumference (M.U.A.C.) and triceps skinfold thickness (T.S.F.) within twenty-four hours of admission. In addition, the patients' hospital notes were examined and records made of the nutritional management requested for each patient. Signs and symptons suggestive of malnutrition and biochemical analyses carried out or requested, were also recorded. These were used as an indication of the awareness of nutrition on the part of the attending physician. Of the 207 patients on whom anthropometric measurements were taken, 51 (38percent) adult patients from the medical and surgical wards, and 32 (43 percent) of the paediatric cases, were wasted to some degree. In addition, 25 (42 percent) of the paediatric patients measured were underweight and 8 of the adult patients were overweight. Of the 19 cases of obesity found among the adults, 15 were females. Triceps skinfold thickness were especially low among the adult population, 100 (72 percent ) having values below 60 percent of the reference used. Arm muscle circumference were high for those patients. Five of the moderate to severely malnourished adults (those under 80 percent weight for height) suffered from neoplastic diseases. Apart from this, malnutrition was not related to any specific diagnostic category. Signs and symptoms suggestive of malnutrition were infrequently mentioned in the patients' physical examination notes. A quarter of the adult patients were examined for oedema (mostly from the medical wards) while paediatric patients were checked for diarrhoea (28 percent ), vomiting (38 percent ) and dehydration (32 percent ). While pallor was examined for on all three wards to the same extent (42 percent ), anorexia was mentioned only in the dockets of nine patients. Thirty-eight (11 percent ) patients had no diet prescribed in their hospital notes. Generally, dietary prescription was based primarily on the patients' diagnosis but age and physical condition were also considered. Prescribed diets were usually appropriate for the patients in terms of the recorded diagnoses. However, with respect to nutritional status as derived from the study, the diets were incorrect in several cases. No diets were prescribed for the nutritional rehabilitation of malnourished patients. This study suggests that although P.E.M. is common in hospitalised patients, inadequate attention is paid to nutritional status in patient management (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Criança , Adulto , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Estado Nutricional , Pacientes , Corpo Clínico Hospitalar , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/diagnóstico , Antropometria , Hospitais Rurais , Dietoterapia , Jamaica
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