RESUMO
Mosquito control programs at seven urban sites in Kenya, Egypt, Israel, Costa Rica, and Trinidad are described and compared. Site-specific urban and disease characteristics, organizational diagrams, and strengths, weaknesses, obstacles and threats (SWOT) analysis tools are used to provide a descriptive assessment of each mosquito control program, and provide a comparison of the factors affecting mosquito abatement. The information for SWOT analysis is collected from surveys, focus-group discussions, and personal communication. SWOT analysis identified various issues affecting the efficiency and sustainability of mosquito control operations. The main outcome of our work was the description and comparison of mosquito control operations within the context of each study site's biological, social, political, management, and economic conditions. The issues identified in this study ranged from lack of inter-sector collaboration to operational issues of mosquito control efforts. A lack of sustainable funding for mosquito control was a common problem for most sites. Many unique problems were also identified, which included lack of mosquito surveillance, lack of law enforcement, and negative consequences of human behavior. Identifying common virtues and shortcomings of mosquito control operations is useful in identifying "best practices" for mosquito control operations, thus leading to better control of mosquito biting and mosquito-borne disease transmission.
Assuntos
Animais , Estudo Comparativo , Costa Rica , Ecossistema , Eficiência Organizacional , Egito , Órgãos Governamentais/organização & administração , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Israel , Quênia , Modelos Organizacionais , Controle de Mosquitos/legislação & jurisprudência , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Controle de Mosquitos/organização & administração , Dinâmica Populacional , Administração em Saúde Pública , Trinidad e Tobago , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
The needs of older persons must be assessed against the rapid demographic changes society is undergoing. Such changes may impact differently on the situation of older persons, unless effective countervailing measures are instituted. If mechanisms for treating with ageing issues in Trinidad and Tobago are to be effective, they must be located within a comprehensive policy framework. It is on this basis that the Government of Trinidad and Tobago has sought to develop a national policy on ageing. The overall goal of this policy is to promote the well being of older persons in a sustainable manner and provide older persons with the opportunity to be integrated into the mainstream of society.
Assuntos
Idoso , Idoso Fragilizado , Órgãos Governamentais/estatística & dados numéricos , Órgãos Governamentais/normas , Programas Governamentais/normas , Envelhecimento , Saúde do Idoso , Trinidad e Tobago , Serviço Social/normasRESUMO
For many years the Governments of the Caribbean have made concerted efforts to improve the nutrition of their peoples. Nevertheless, the idea that there should be a coordinated food and nutrition policy at the national level is relatively new. This article discusses what a national food and nutrition policy should be, ways to formulate it, what scope it should have, some ingredients essential for its success, and the government machinery needed to make it work. (AU)
