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1.
Psychiatry ; 59(2): 156-74, May 1996.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-2383

RESUMO

Thomas Jefferson noted that socials ills breed economic ills and vice versa. Every community in the world has its own thresholds and patterns of violence, and communities experience varied levels of deterioration of safety with a reciprocal increase in violence. The United States, having undergone 200 years of social evolution as an independent nation, has a spiraling problem with violence. Jamaica, with only recent independence from British sovereignty, is an ideal crucible for the study of evolution of violence in a very young demogracy and, hopefully, to identify problems and provide some solutions. Having gained independence from British rule in 1962, Jamaica immediately demonstrated a facile experimentation with forms of government that differed dramatically from what had been previously experienced under the rather rigid, autocratic British administration. In its 33 years of independence, this country has gone through some extraordinary shifts. An initial courtship with communist theory led to a destructive liason with Fidel Castro's version of Marxism. During this brief interlude, the intellectual ideals of equality and peace came into direct contrast with facts of a failing Communist regime. During this period, there was a steady exodus of wealthy Jamaican families for whom heavy taxation threatened financial ruin. The prime minister, the Honorable Michael Manley, a highly sophisticated left-wing intellectual liberal, soon realized the political cost of the alliance with his Caribbean neighbor, Fidel Castro, who was then and is now dedicated to old-fashioned, state-controlled Communism. He attempted to return to a free-market democracy with financial foundations that were, by then, very shaky. To succeed in a project to reduce violence and improve the quality of life, the entire community needs to be involved. From our work in countries where community projects were primarily financed by federal and state agencies, we were aware that the participation of private citizens in projects was essential for success. Commitment has an added intensity when personal time and funding is involved. Prime Minister Manley enthusiastically embraced and inspired this project, believing that it embodied the fundamental principles of democratic involvement to which he was committed. When the authors personally presented their plan to him, he accepted it immediately and with an obvious personal sense of urgency.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Problemas Sociais/prevenção & controle , Valores Sociais , Violência/prevenção & controle , Problemas Sociais/psicologia , Violência Doméstica/prevenção & controle , Violência Doméstica/psicologia , Jamaica , Sistemas Políticos , Política , Fatores Socioeconômicos
2.
Chicago, Illinois; s.n; Jun. 1995. xx,565 p. ilus, maps, tab, gra.
Tese em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-1460

RESUMO

Since the mid-1970s proprietary medical schools have spread throughout the Windward & Leeward Islands of the Caribbean. In some cases, these transnational educational corporations have made commitments to enhance education and health care resources of host countries. In all cases, the presence of hundreds of students and faculty, and the associated local spending, represents significant additional foreign exchange and employment. This dissertation seeks to learn how proprietary medical schools have affected development in Eastern Caribbean microstates, to assess what role, if any, they might play in local development, and to discern their implications for the complex array of regional agreements comprising the fourteen-nation Caribbean Community and its associated educational regime - whose institutional pinnacle is the University of the West Indies - to which all host microstates subscribe. The central focus of this study is Grenada and St. George's University School of Medicine. St. George's is the oldest such establishment, and is the archetype for all that followed in the region, Using an historical approach rooted in international political economy, public policy and area studies, this dissertation utilizes unpublished and recently declassified documents, newspapers, personal interviews, and other primary sources to reconstruct the complex relationship of school and state through four distinct political periods. At every stage of the analysis, regional events and implications were also considered. The study concludes that the incentive to allow proprietary medical schools was rooted in historic insecurities deriving from unequal power relations among member states of the educational regime, combined with ongoing perceptions of distributive bias. Host states viewed proprietary medical schools as an opportunity to augment both capital and human resources, and therefore acted alone, despite implicit norms against such independent action. The Grenadian case demonstrated that proprietary medical schools could, given sufficient encouragement, provide host microstates with certain developmental benefits affecting educational development, health care, and economy. However, the extent that these benefits are realized was found to be largely dependant on entrepreneurial awareness within the political leadership, institutionalization of collaborative/coordinating mechanisms, quality of medical school management.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XX , Faculdades de Medicina/economia , Faculdades de Medicina/história , Mudança Social , Desenvolvimento Econômico/história , Granada , Educação Médica/economia , Educação Médica/história , Sistemas Políticos/história , Desenvolvimento Econômico/história , Política de Saúde/história , Granada
3.
4.
Int J Health Serv ; 19(1): 79-93, 1989.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-12345

RESUMO

This article is part of a study that described and analyzed the development of nursing education in Trinidad and Tobago from self-government in 1956 to 1986, with special emphasis on the forces that helped to shape the society from colonial times, and consequently, nursing education. Adaptation and application of major concepts from theories of underdevelopment and development and colonialism formed the basis of the study's theoretical framework. The article focuses on the impact of the metropolitan countries on the development of health care polices. Because of the nation's historical legacy of colonialism and its current linkages with the United States and Canada, a major area fundamental to the analysis was to determine whether those two countries had superseded traditional British influences in determining health care policies. This raised the issue of whether or not health care policies could be autonomously developed to meet the needs of the people. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Política de Saúde/tendências , Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Educação em Enfermagem , Planejamento em Saúde , Agências Internacionais , Sistemas Políticos , Saúde Pública , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Trinidad e Tobago
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