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2.
J Natl Med Assoc ; 90(Suppl. 11): S720-3, Nov. 1998.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-1398

RESUMO

There are intra- and interracial differences in prostrate cancer incidence and mortality rates worldwide. The environment and migration patterns seem to influence the disparities in cancer statistics. The lowest incidence rate is recorded in Chinese, followed by other Asians, South Americans, southern Europeans, and northern Europeans, in ascending order. However, people of African descent have the highest incidence so far. Until recently, African Americans in Alameda County (California) in the United States had the highest reported incidence (160/1000,000). An incidence of 314/100,000 recently was reported in African Caribbeans from Jamaica. These high rates contrast with the low incidence rates reported in continental (Sub-Saharan) Africa. Angwafo et al have reported higher age-adjusted incidence rates in Yaounde, Cameroon (93.8/100,000). They highlighted the importance of diagnostic techniques and trained manpower, and adjustments for the age distribution of populations when comparing incidence rates between regions. The great disparity in cancer statistics over large geographic areas and races has oriented studies toward genes and gene products susceptible to environmental risk factors such as diet, ultraviolet rays, and cadmium, which may be associated with or causative of prostate cancer. Randomized studies on suspected risk factors and promoters of prostrate cancer need to be conducted worldwide. However, caution is in order when inferences are made comparing populations with access to health care to those without. (Au)


Assuntos
Estudo Comparativo , Humanos , Masculino , Comparação Transcultural , Neoplasias da Próstata/etnologia , Emigração e Imigração/estatística & dados numéricos , África Subsaariana/etnologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Incidência , Fatores de Risco , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Índias Ocidentais/etnologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidade
3.
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-16687

RESUMO

This chapter looks mainly at the reasons for the rapid spread of AIDS in Africa; it examines the roles of other sexually transmitted diseases. "promiscuity", prostitutes, and the possibility that susceptibility to HIV might be genetically linked. The AIDS virus is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse. There are two key scientific factors which allow us to understand its spread: the likelihood that an infected person will transmit the virus tp a partner during sexual intercourse, and the frequency with which individuals acquire new sexual partners. Slowing down the spread of the virus requires both a reduction in the likelihood of its transmission during any single act of sexual intercourse, and a reduction in the rate at which new sexual partners are acquired (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , África Subsaariana , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , África , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/etiologia , Trinidad e Tobago
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