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1.
J Agric Food Chem ; 47(10): 4038-45, Oct. 1999.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-741

RESUMO

Pure Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis) juices (64 samples) from Spain, Israel, Belize, Cuba, and Florida, harvested during two seasons (1996-1997 and 1997-1998), were analyzed for their carotenoid profiles. The detection of saponified carotenoid pigments has been achieved and quantified using a photodiode array detection monitored at 350, 430, and 486 nm. Carotenoid pigments commonly found in the orange variety Valencia have been separated on a polymeric C-30 column using a ternary gradient as eluent. Pure Valencia juices from oranges grown in the Mediterranean regions (Israel and Spain) have a high carotenoid content, expressed in beta-carotene (5-18 and 14-35 mg L(-)(1), respectively), compared to those grown in tropical and subtropical regions (Cuba, Belize, and Florida) (4-10, 2-8, and 5-10 mg L(-)(1), respectively). Quantitative results allowed the differentiation of Valencia variety geographical origins, in particular, the Mediterranean area from tropical and subtropical areas, using multidimensinal analyses of carotenoid contents. (AU)


Assuntos
Estudo Comparativo , Bebidas , Carotenoides/análise , Citrus/química , Citrus/normas , Belize , Cromatografia Líquida , Cor , Cuba , Florida , Israel , Espanha
3.
Nurs Outlook ; 37(3): 131-3, 137, May-June 1989.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-8812

RESUMO

An educational program in another country establishes the mechanism for a variety of other possibilities. Faculty in the host country may provide the setting in which U.S. students can gain interculteral experience. Students may be able to conduct an independent study in the host or, if sufficient numbers are available, a U.S. course may be adapted and offered in the host country. If ample funds exist, a two-way student and/or faculty exchange may be possible, thereby adding to the curricula of both schools. Opportunities for joint research and publishing may also become available. For example, long term evaluation of the educational program and use of the program graduates in the host country would be of interest; research in the specialty areas of faculty may also be possible. The difficulties inherent in planning and implementing a program in another country are numerous; however, with foresight and ample time for planning, the benefits to both students and faculty in the host and home institutions can outweigh the drawbacks (AU)


Assuntos
Bacharelado em Enfermagem , Intercâmbio Educacional Internacional , Currículo , Docentes de Enfermagem , Florida , Jamaica , Organização e Administração , Critérios de Admissão Escolar , Ensino
4.
Int J Cancer ; 42(1): 7-12, July 15, 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-10043

RESUMO

Epidemiologic studies indicate that human T cell lymphotropic virus type I(HTLV-I), the causative agent of most cases of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)in Southeast Japan and the Caribbean islands and the probable cause of a progressive neurological disorder often referred to as tropical spastic paraparesis, occurs with unusual geographic clustering. The current large-scale serosurvey was undertaken to improve our understanding of HTLV-I prevalance in different parts of the world. We analyzed 43,445 serum samples collected from various geographic locales worldwide; 76 percent of these sera came from clinically healthy donors. Samples were initially screened by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and 4,353 were further evaluated by means of competition assays. In this study, which did not include sera from endemic areas of Japan, a high prevalence of infection was observed in several countries in the Caribbean basin. A significant age-sex difference was observed between populations in the Caribbean and non-endemic regions of Japan. The reason for the male excess in non-endemic areas of Japan will require further study, while the female excess in the Caribbean basin is compatible with the previously described pattern for other HTLY-I-endemic areas. A newly recognized area of possible endemicity was southern Florida, where evidence of infection with HTLV-I or a related virus was found in a group of native Americans whose sera were collected in 1968. In certain parts of the world, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, important problems in determining specificity of reactivity occurred, probably because of cross-reacting antibodies. No pattern was detected that could explain the cross-reactivity solely on the basis of geographic areas, specific patterns of non-viral parasitic infection, or methods of handling the specimens. It is possible that these cross-reactivities are antibodies to proteins from HTLV-I-related retroviruses yet to be discovered. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/epidemiologia , África , Reações Cruzadas , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Florida , Japão , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Índias Ocidentais , Saúde Global
6.
Am J Epidemiol ; 89(2): 489-502, Feb. 1969.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-9870

RESUMO

Virulences of VE virus strains from tropical regions of the North and South American continents were studied in adult Syrian hamsters, Swiss albino mice and cotton rats. Virulence profiles were based on frequency and time of illness and death following subcutaneous inoculation of small doses of virus as collected in nature or after only a few passages in laboratory hosts. Forty-one strains from Mexico, USA-Florida, Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela uniformity killed hamsters inoculated s.c. with 4-1000 PFU; incubation periods were usually 3-6 days, but some Panamanian and USA-Florida strains had incubation periods 1-2 days longer than strains from other countries. All of 37 strains from these countries regularly produced illness in adult mice, but killed only 71-82 percent; in adult cotton rats, signs of illness were not recognized, but death occurred in 18-30 percent. Variations in virulence profiles for mice and cotton rats among 28 Mexican strains were ogten as great as those seen among 9 strains from USA-Florida, Panama, Colombia and Venezuela. Virus strains from the Bush Bush areas of Trinidad, however, had distinctive virulence profiles. All 5 of these strains killed hamsters only after prolonged incubation periods of more than 5 days, and killed only 1 of 25 mice; neither of two strains killed cotton rats. Young and Johnson reported (Amer. J. Epid., 1969, 89 286-307) that these Trinidad strains should antigenically be classified as Mucambo rather than VE virus. The TC 83 attenuated strain of VE virus in a dose of 500 PFU given s.c. killed no hamsters, mice or cotton rats, but in some experiments employing larger doses, up to 20 percent hamsters became ill and 5-10 percent died without apparent relationship to dose. Plaque sizes and morophologies of 19 VE and 5 Trinidad Mucambo virus strains in primary chicken embryonic cell cultures did not correlate with virulence for hamsters, mice, cotton rats or man, nor with geographic, host or tissue source or year of collection. In sera of cotton rats and mice 3-4 weeks after s.c. inoculation, titers of VE virus HI antibody measured with hemagglutinin from a Mexican virus strain were similar for strains from Mexico, Colombia and Venezuela. However they were lower with USA-Florida and TC 83 virus strains and with Trinidad Mucambo virus strains, suggesting that these viruses differ antigenically from Mexican, Colombian and Venezuelan strains. Nevertheless the attenuated TC 83 vaccine virus protected adult mice against s.c. challenge by 28 Mexican and 8 other VE virus strains from USA-Florida, Panama, Colombia and Venezuela, suggesting that immunologically distinct types of VE virus based on cross-protection do not exist in these countries. (AU)


Assuntos
Embrião de Galinha , Cobaias , Cricetinae , Camundongos , Ratos , 21003 , Vírus da Encefalite , Haplorrinos , Anticorpos/análise , Cérebro , Colômbia , Vírus da Encefalite/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Vírus da Encefalite/imunologia , Vírus da Encefalite/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Encefalite/patogenicidade , Florida , Coração , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação , Injeções Subcutâneas , Rim , México , Especificidade da Espécie , Técnicas de Cultura , Trinidad e Tobago , Venezuela , Virulência , Cultura de Vírus
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