RESUMO
The literature on the incidence in the UK of congenital and constitutional anomalies in populations deriving from Africa, the Caribbean, the Far East, the Indian subcontinent and the Mediterranean is reviewed. These groups represent an increasing proportion of the whole child population. Comparison with the white population and between groups reveals that the burden of impairment varies with country of origin. Some of the reasons implicated include different gene frequencies and mating patterns, age/parity distribution and uptake of preventive services. Comparisons with prevalence at birth in the countries of origin are made where possible. In general, populations with high rates in their country of origin retain their high rates (e.g. central nervous system anomalies among births to parents deriving from the Indian subcontinent). There is a general lack of data on the prevalence of handicapping conditions such as cerebral palsy, as well as the associated health needs and service utilisation amongst ethnic minorities. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Anormalidades Congênitas/etnologia , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Anormalidades Congênitas/genética , África/etnologia , Ásia Oriental/etnologia , Reino Unido , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Índia/etnologia , Itália/etnologia , Migrantes , Índias Ocidentais/etnologiaAssuntos
Humanos , Deficiências Nutricionais/complicações , Hepatopatias/epidemiologia , Hepatopatias/etiologia , Alcoolismo/complicações , Antígenos da Hepatite B , Fígado Gorduroso/etiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/complicações , Hepatite A/etiologia , Higiene , Cirrose Hepática/etiologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiologia , Micotoxinas/envenenamento , Deficiência de Proteína/complicações , África do Norte , Sudeste Asiático , Canadá , Europa (Continente) , Ásia Oriental , Índia , Jamaica , Paquistão , América do Sul , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Under the auspices of WHO an investigation was made by 9 laboratories in different parts of the world on the distribution of rubella antibodies in girls and women of child-bearing age. In the first part of the study the objective was to determine the reliability and reproducibility of the tests employed. It was found that there was no significant differences in the variability of the titres obtained by repeatedly testing the same sera in one laboratory. In the second part of the study sera were obtained from girls in schools and women attending clinics and health centres. They were not taken from random samples of the populations. In most of the studies the pattern of development of antibody was similar. About half the persons had antibody at 6-8 years of age and 80 percent-87 percent at 17-22 years of age, the percentage remaining relatively constant thereafter. The island populations of Trinidad and Jamaica and a rural area of Japan were, however, found to have significantly fewer women with antibodies than urban areas in Europe or the Americas.(AU)
