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1.
Washington, D.C; Pan American Health Organization; [2005]. 32 p.
Monografia em Inglês | PAHO | ID: pah-249903
10.
Washington, D.C; Organización Panamericana de la Salud; jul 2000. 24 p. (OPS. Investigaciones en Salud Pública Documentos Técnicos, 27).
Monografia em Espanhol | PAHO | ID: pah-192088
12.
Artigo em Inglês | PAHO | ID: pah-32687

RESUMO

In hospitals, one of the ways to control microbial contamination is by disinfecting the furniture used by patients. This study's main objective was to evaluate the microbiological condition of hospital mattresses before and after such disinfection, in order to identify bacteria that are epidemiologically important in nosocomial infection, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RODAC plates with two different culture media were used to collect specimens. Patient beds were selected according to previously established criteria, and surface areas on the mattresses were chosen at random. From the total of 1 040 plate cultures from 52 mattresses, positive results were obtained from 500 of them (48.1), 263 before disinfection and 237 after disinfection. Considering the selectivity of the culture media, the positivity rate was high. There were high prevalences of S. aureus both before and after mattress disinfection. The study results suggest that the usual disinfection procedures, instead of diminishing the number of microbes, merely displace them from one part of the mattress to another, and the number of microorganisms remains the same


Assuntos
Hospitais , Camassia/microbiologia , Desinfecção , Fenol , Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Brasil
14.
Artigo em Inglês | PAHO | ID: pah-30322

RESUMO

The four primary objectives of this descriptive study were to: 1) design a quality-measurement instrument for institutional cancer registries (ICRs), 2) evaluate the existing ICRs in Colombia with the designed instrument, 3) categorize the different registries according to heir quality and prioritize efforts that will efficiently promote better registries with the limited resources available, and 4) determine the institution with the greatest likelihood of successfully establishing Colombia's second population-based cancer registry. In 1990 the National Cancer Institute of Colombia developed 13 instituion-based cancer registries in different Colombian cities in order to promote the collection of data from a large group of cancer diagnostic and treatment centers. During the first half of 1997, this evaluation reviewed 12 registries; one of the original 13 no longer existed. All of the Colombian institutions (hospitals) that maintain institution-based cancer registries were included in the study. At each institution, a brief survey was administered to the hospital director, the registry coordinator, and the registrar (data manager). Researchers investigated the institutions by looking at six domains that are in standard use internationally. Within each domain, questions were developed and selected through the Delphi method. Each domain and each question were assigned weights through a consensus process. In most cases, two interviewers went to each site to collect the information. The university hospitals in Cali, Pereira, and Medellin had substantially higher scores, reflecting a good level of performance. Four of the 12 institutions had almost no cancer registy work going on. Five of the 12 hospital directors considered that the information provided by the cancer registries influenced their administrative decisions. Three of the registries had patient survival data. Four of the institutions allocated specific resources to operate their cancer registries; in the other 8 hospitals there was no clear budget allocation. Seven of the hospital directors could not identify five or more objectives of a cancer registry. Data management was usually poor and resources insufficient at most of the institutions. In summary, the cancer registry system in Colombia varies greatly from institution to institution. A few of the hospitals do a good job while others have neglected the registries. The high, identical total scores for Pereira and Medellin suggest they would be good locations to establish new population-based cancer registries similar to the existing one in Cali. However, the overall characteristics in Pereira may provide a more appropriate environment for the second registry, with Medellin as an alternative


Assuntos
Neoplasias , Registros Médicos , Hospitais , Colômbia
15.
UNDP.
New York; UNDP; Jul. 1999. ilus.
Monografia em Inglês | PAHO | ID: pah-51344

RESUMO

Contains: v.2. Medical supplies and equipment, selected essential drugs, guidelines for drug donations, guidelines for the safe disposal of unwanted pharmaceuticals, the new emergency health kit


Assuntos
Políticas, Planejamento e Administração em Saúde , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Equipamentos e Provisões , Hospitais , Medicamentos Essenciais , Controle de Qualidade
16.
Artigo em Inglês | PAHO | ID: pah-27334

RESUMO

This study analyzed the efficiency of cholera treatment in three hospitals representative of the Ecuadorian public health system in order to provide hospital directors and administrators and health service policy-makers with information to plan responses to future epidemics and to reduce the costs of cholera treatment in general. For the study, total and excess cholera treatment costs were calculated using hospital files and statistics and an in-hospital surveillance system of the cholera cases. The type and quantity of each input used for each treatment were analyzed, as well as the number of days hospitalized, according to the severity of the illness. With this process, excess costs were determined in relation to a "treatment norm" that would have been appropriate for each patient. The researchers found that 45 per cent of the cholera treatment costs were excessive. The most important contributor was excess recurrent costs (90 per cent), including extended hospital stays, disproportionate use of intravenous rehydration solutions, and unnecessary laboratory tests. Excess capital costs, from land, buildings, and hospital equipment, represented 10 per cent of the total excess treatment costs. No significant relationship was found between treatment costs and the severity of the illness, nor between costs and a patient's age. A patient's sex appeared to be an important variable, with the cost of treating women being notably higher than for men. An inverse relationship was found between treatment costs and the complexity of the hospital. The reserchers concluded there was an inefficient use of resources in the treatment of cholera in the three hospitals where the research was performed


Assuntos
Cólera , Resultado do Tratamento , Hospitais , Equador , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde
17.
Washington, D.C; Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Programa de Preparativos para Situaciones de Emergencia y Coordinación del Socorro en Casos de Desastre; [1999]. 13 p. ilus.(OPS. Terremotos y Hospitales, 1).
Monografia em Espanhol | PAHO | ID: pah-51174
18.
Artigo em Inglês | PAHO | ID: pah-26873

RESUMO

This study describes the burden of stroke on hospital services in a Caribbean community. The settings are the two main acute general hospitals in Trinidad observed over a 12 month period. All subjects were admitted with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke. The measures were hospital admission rates, length of hospital stay, case-fatality rates, disability at discharge, and risk factors for stroke. There were 1.105 hospital admissions with a diagnosis of stroke. The median length of stay was 4 days, with an interquartile range of 2 to 9, and stroke accounted for approximately 9.478 bed days per annum. The hospital admission fatality rate was 29 por cien. Among surviving patients, 437 (56 percentage) were severely disabled at discharge. Age-standardized admission rates for first strokes in persons aged 35-64 years were 114 (95 percentage CI: 83 to 145) per 100.000 in Afro-Trinidadian men and 144 (109 to 179) in Indo-Trinidadian men. The equivalent rates for women were 115 (84 to 146) and 152 (118 to 186). Among patients with first strokes, 348/531 (66 percentage) reported physician-diagnosed hypertension, but only 226 (65 percentage) of these reported being on antihypertensives at admission. Stroke in Trinidad and Tobago is associated with a high case-fatality rate and severe disability in survivors. Modifiable risk factors were reported in a majority of stroke cases, and there is a need to develop effective preventive strategies


Assuntos
Transtornos Cerebrovasculares , Fatores de Risco , Hospitais , Trinidad e Tobago
19.
Panamá; Organización Panamericana de la Salud; jul. 1998. 56 p. tab.
Monografia em Espanhol | PAHO | ID: pah-32648
20.
Hyattsville, Maryland; US. National Center for Health Statistics; Jun. 1998. 155 p. tab.(DHHS Publication, 98-1007).
Monografia em Inglês | PAHO | ID: pah-27850
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