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1.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 24(02): 161-168, 2018-02.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-272565

RESUMO

Background: Data from Turkey show that sense organ diseases were the second leading cause of years lost due to disability in 2015. However, there are no reliable data on either the baseline causative disorders of visual impairment or the burden of these disorders on the population in Izmir region. Izmir is the third most populated city of Turkey with a population of approximately 4.2 million. Aim: The purpose of this study was to define the baseline disorders causing low vision and blindness in accordance with World Health Organization criteria in an adult population in Izmir. Methods: We evaluated the ophthalmologic reports of 20 790 people in Izmir, Turkey. Age- and sex-specific causes of low vision and blindness were identified. Results: Bilateral low vision and blindness was detected in 347 people, 172 males and 175 females. For those aged 18–50 years, retinal dystrophies [37%], congenital eye anomalies [14%] and myopic degenerations [13%] were the most common causes. For those aged 50+ years, age-related macular degeneration [21%] was the leading cause. Diabetic retinopathy [17%], corneal opacities [14%], cataract [12%] and glaucoma [9%] were also important. Sex was not a significant determinant. Conclusion: The specific causes of visual impairment vary greatly with age, however, unavoidable retinal pathologies were the predominant causes at all ages


Contexte : En Turquie, les données montrent que les maladies des organes des sens représentaient la deuxième cause d'années de vie perdues en raison d'une incapacité en 2015. Cependant, il n'existe de données fiables ni sur les troubles de base à l'origine de la déficience visuelle, ni sur la charge de ces troubles dans la population de la région d'Izmir. Izmir constitue la troisième ville la plus peuplée de Turquie, avec une population d'environ 4,2 millions d'habitants. Objectif : La présente étude avait pour objectif de définir les troubles de base à l'origine d'une faible vision et de la cécité dans une population adulte d'Izmir, selon les critères de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé. Méthodes : Nous avons évalué les rapports ophtalmologiques de 20 790 personnes à Izmir [Turquie]. Les causes de la faible vision et de la cécité liées à l'âge et au sexe ont été identifiées. Résultats : Une faible vision et une cécité bilatérales ont été détectées chez 347 personnes, dont 172 hommes et 175 femmes. Pour les sujets âgés de 18 à 50 ans, les dystrophies rétiniennes [37 %], les anomalies oculaires congénitales [14 %] et la dégénérescence myopique [13 %] constituaient les causes les plus courantes. Pour ceux âgés de plus de 50 ans, la dégénérescence maculaire [21 %] liée à l'âge était la cause principale. La rétinopathie diabétique [17 %], les opacités cornéennes [14 %], la cataracte [12 %] et le glaucome [9 %] étaient aussi des causes importantes. Le sexe ne constituait pas un déterminant significatif. Conclusion : Les causes spécifiques de la déficience visuelle varient grandement en fonction de l'âge ; néanmoins, les pathologies rétiniennes non évitables étaient les causes prédominantes à tout âge


الخلفية: أسفرت الحرب الدائرة في سوريا عن كثير من التغييرات في الحياة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية للسوريين. ولم توث للعلاقة بين سلوك التدخين والحرب. الهدف: تحديد مدى انتشار تدخين السجائر بين الطلاب الجامعيين خلال الأزمة في دمشق، الجمهورية العربية السورية ، وأثر الحرب على سلوك التدخين. في المرحلة الجامعية من جميع السنوات الدراسية والكليات طالبا1027فل الأسماء على الإنترنت لما مجموعه ْ مغمقطعياطرق البحث: أجرينا مسحا في جامعة دمشق. أن % بالنسبة لتدخين الشيشة (الأرجيلة). وتبين 30.4% بالنسبة لتدخين السجائر، و24.73 النتائج: بلغ المستوى العام لانتشار تدخين التبغ مستوى انتشار تدخين السجائر أعلى بكثير بين الرجال وطلاب غير المهن الطبية والطلاب المغتربين عن أسرهم. ولم تظهر أي اختلافات كبيرة في لمكان نشأتهم (ريفيين مقابل حضريين)، وسنة الدراسة، وتغيير محل الإقامة بسبب الحرب.مستوى انتشار تدخين السجائر عند مقارنة الطلاب وفقا منذ% من المدخنين بزيادة عدد السجائر التي يستهلكونها يوميا53.1، وأفادنة يومياّ ارتباط الحرب بزيادة كبيرة في متوسط عدد السجائر المدخ وتبين خاصة من جانب السلطات المعنية بالصحة وجهودافي مناطق النزاع وقد تتطلب اهتماماإضافياصحيااندلاع الحرب. وتمثل زيادة التدخين شاغلا العمومية. من جانب السلطات المعنية خاصةوجهودافي مناطق النزاع وقد تتطلب اهتماماإضافياصحياالاستنتاجات: تمثل زيادة معدلات التدخين شاغلا بالصحة العامة


Assuntos
Doenças não Transmissíveis , Cegueira , Baixa Visão , Distrofias Retinianas , Transtornos da Visão
2.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-118193

RESUMO

We assessed the causes of visual impairment and blindness in 694 diabetic patients attending our eye centre in Sana'a, Yemen from 2001 to 2005 by review of their medical records. The mean age of the patients was 53.9 [SD 11.52] years, range 13-95 years, and 382 [55%] were males. According to the World Health Organization definitions, 273 [39.3%] patients had visual impairment and 109 [15.7%] were blind. Cataract, proliferative diabetic retinopathy [PDR] and diabetic maculopathy were the main causes of visual impairment and blindness. Patients with PDR and maculopathy were significantly more likely to have visual impairment compared to patients without retinopathy [RR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.74-2.28 and RR - 1.84, [95% Cl: 1.60-2.13 respectively] and be blind [RR - 4.69, 95% Cl: 3.70-5.95% and RR= 2.53, 95% CI: 1.92-3.34 respectively]. Diabetic retinopathy is a public health problem in Yemen and national screening and educational programmes are highly needed to reduce the risk of visual impairment and blindness among diabetics


Assuntos
Baixa Visão , Retinopatia Diabética , Diabetes Mellitus , Comorbidade , Educação em Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos , Degeneração Macular , Prevalência , Cegueira
3.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-118023

RESUMO

Blindness and visual impairment are major causes of noncommunicable diseases in Pakistan. Two national population-based blindness surveys conducted in 1988 and 2002-04 demonstrated a reduction in prevalence of blindness from 1.78% to 0.9% with a significant drop in cataract blindness as a result of accelerated nationwide interventions and eye care integration in primary health care. In addition, between 2006 and 2008r 88 facilities were upgraded as a result of the national eye health programme. These measures resulted in a 279% increase in eye outpatient attendances and a 375% increase in eye surgeries performed. Investment in human resources development and policy change contributed significantly to the sustainability of the programme. Key challenges facing the programme include aligning national eye health strategies with health system strengthening informed through health systems research. This gaper attempts to document this extraordinary success


Assuntos
Planos de Sistemas de Saúde , Cegueira , Baixa Visão , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde
4.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-117889

RESUMO

A retrospective review of records determined the frequency and causes of low vision and blindness in all children aged <16 years attending an ophthalmic practice in Sana'a, Yemen between January and December 2001. Of the 1104 children studied, 45 [4.1%] were found to have bilateral blindness and 115 [10.4%] were unilaterally blind; 48 children [4.3%] were bilaterally visually impaired and 109 [9.9%] were unilaterally visually impaired. The main causes of bilateral blindness included cataract, glaucoma and retinal disorders. The most common causes of bilateral low vision included refractive errors, keratoconus and retinal disorders. These results provide a basis for planning blindness prevention programmes in Yemen


Assuntos
Cegueira , Baixa Visão , Acuidade Visual , Estudos Retrospectivos , Catarata , Glaucoma
5.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-117848

RESUMO

This study in 2005 evaluated the causes and major anatomical site of blindness and severe visual loss at a school for blind children in Isfahan province, Islamic Republic of Iran. All 211 students were examined according to the modified WHO/PBL eye examination record: 70.4% were blind, 24.3% had severe visual loss and 5.3% were visually impaired. The major causes of abnormality were hereditary factors [42.7%], prenatal/ neonatal [18.5%] and unknown etiology [35.5%]. The main sites of abnormality were the retina [62.6%], whole globe [17.5%], lens [7.1%] and optic nerve [7.1%]. A high proportion of parents were in a consanguineous marriage [49.2%]. The pattern of blindness in Isfahan encompasses characteristics of both developed and developing countries


Assuntos
Vias Visuais , Baixa Visão , Retina , Nervo Óptico , Cegueira
7.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-117286

RESUMO

A preliminary survey was conducted to detect the prevalence of refractive error [RE] and low vision among 5839 schoolchildren aged 7-14 years in Cairo, Egypt. Screening was done using Landolt broken ring chart and pinhole test. The prevalence of RE [visual acuity </= 6/12] among the schoolchildren was 22.1% and low vision [visual acuity </= 6/18] was 12.5%. The prevalence of low vision was greatest among the preparatory schoolchildren aged 12 + years. RE was higher among the female students than males [21.4% and 13.6% respectively]. Development of a national survey for detection of visual problems for both preschool and school-aged children is recommended


Assuntos
Baixa Visão , Pessoas com Deficiência Visual , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Prevalência , Distribuição por Idade , Distribuição por Sexo , Erros de Refração
8.
9.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-118474

RESUMO

The prevalence and etiology of visual loss and eye diseases were determined in a resident Afghan refugee community in northern Pakistan. The survey included 1156 people and revealed that 2.1% of the population were blind and 6.9% were visually impaired according to WHO criteria. The leading causes of blindness included cataract [62.5%], uncorrected refractive errors [16.6%], retinal degeneration/dystrophy [12.5%], glaucoma [4.2%] and microphthalmos [4.2%]. The causes of visual loss were uncorrected refractive errors [46.2%], cataract [32.7%] and corneal opacities [4.8%]. These conditions were also important causes of unilateral lost vision. Active trachoma was found in 3.7% of all children under 10 years of age


Assuntos
Prevalência , Oftalmopatias , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Cegueira , Acuidade Visual , Catarata , Glaucoma , Erros de Refração , Degeneração Retiniana , Baixa Visão
14.
Geneva; World Health Organization; 1993. (WHO/PBL/93.27. Unpublished).
em Inglês, Francês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-61105
15.
Genève; Organisation mondiale de la Santé; 1993. (WHO/PBL/93.27. Unpublished).
em Inglês, Francês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-61031
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