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1.
Copenhagen; World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe; 2023.
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-373187

RESUMO

Many stillbirths and neonatal deaths can be prevented through evidence-based and timely interventions.To ensure high-quality care for mothers and their infants during pregnancy, childbirth and the neonatalperiod, the Ministry of Health of North Macedonia established the National Working Group for NeonatalMortality Audit. With support from WHO and the United Nations Children’s Fund, this group conducted thefirst perinatal mortality audit in the country for the year 2019, followed by a second one (with WHO support)for the year 2020.The perinatal mortality audit report 2020 provides insights and evidence-based action points to help identifysystem errors and barriers, and to reinforce strengths. By counting the number of stillbirths and neonataldeaths, gathering information on where and why these deaths occurred, and understanding the underlyingcontributory causes and avoidable factors, health care providers, programme managers, administrators andpolicy-makers can prevent future deaths and improve quality of care.The aim is to provide potential actions towards improving care for mothers and their infants duringpregnancy, childbirth and the neonatal period, as part of wider efforts to improve the quality of care providedthroughout the health system.


Assuntos
Morte , Morte Perinatal , Mortalidade Perinatal , Assistência Perinatal , Natimorto , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde
2.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 28(8): 577-583, 2022-08.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-368712

RESUMO

Background: Children with cancer, who are at the end-of-life and facing death, need access to palliative care services, and nurses play an important role in providing these services. Aims: To explore the palliative care strategies of Iranian nurses for children dying from cancer. Methods: This was a qualitative study with conventional content analysis. Participants were 8 nurses, 1 social worker, 1 psychologist, 2 children, and 4 mothers from the Paediatric Oncology Unit in Semnan, Islamic Republic of Iran, who had experience in palliative care for children with cancer. Data were collected from individuals using in-depth, unstructured and semi-structured interviews and analysed using the Graneheim and Lundman approach. Data rigour increased with credibility, dependability, transferability, and confirmability criteria. Results: Data analysis led to the emergence of the concept of “perceived compassion”. This theme was derived from the 2 main categories of “feeling the shadow of death on the child” and “comforting accompaniment”. Feeling the shadow of death on the child included the subcategories of “pre-death arrangements” and “an opportunity to continue interactions”. Comforting accompaniment was derived from 3 subcategories: “preparing to announce the child’s death”, “extra-role sympathy” and “ post-death interactions”. Conclusion: Perceived compassion was the main strategy used by Iranian nurses to provide palliative care to children dying from cancer.


Assuntos
Cuidados Paliativos , Mães , Enfermeiras Pediátricas , Neoplasias , Adaptação Psicológica , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Assistência Terminal , Morte
3.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 28(8): 601-609, 2022-08.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-368710

RESUMO

Background: Considerations for palliative care and quality of death has significantly increased over the past 10 years in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Recent trends in ageing and increasing chronic disease burden have drawn attention to the need to pay attention to the concept of good death and related factors from the perspective of the local population. Aims: To assess the factors related to good death in the EMR. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest on 22 October 2021 for English language articles, with no time limit, using keywords “quality of death”, “good death”, “quality of dying”, “good dying”, “Middle Eastern”, and countries in the Region. The quality of articles was evaluated using the Hawker criterion and based on the PRISMA guidelines. From the thematic analysis, the factors influencing good death were extracted. EndNote X8 software was used for data management. Results: The search yielded 55 articles, and 14 were included in the study, with a total of 3589 participants. Factors related to good death were classified into 2 main categories: patient preferences and end-of-life care. The former was divided into 4 groups: symptom management, psychological support, social support, and spiritual care. The second category included 2 subcategories: death control and patient autonomy, and end-of-life care. Conclusion: Although patients’ beliefs about good death are personal, unique, and different, perception about good death in the EMR depends on the extent to which patients’ preferences are met and end-of-life care is provided. More research on good death is recommended in the context of Islamic countries in EMR, and to empower patients and their families to better manage the dying process and create educational programmes.


Assuntos
Mortalidade , Morte , Teologia , Antropologia , Terapias Espirituais , Geriatria , Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida
4.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 27(6): 605-611, 2021-06.
Artigo em Francês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-352842

RESUMO

Contexte : les rapports de mortalité en Tunisie n’incluent pas les causes de décès médico-légaux. Objectif : établir les statistiques sur les causes de décès médico-légaux au nord de la Tunisie en 2015 en se basant sur la Dixième Révision de la Classification internationale des maladies (CIM-10). Méthodes : il s’agissait d’une étude transversale et descriptive portant sur tous les décès autopsiés au nord de la Tunisie en 2015. Les caractéristiques socio-démographiques ont été identifiées, ainsi que les formes médico-légales et les causes de décès. Celles-ci ont été codées selon la CIM-10. Résultats : notre échantillon était composé de 1957 cas. Il y avait une prédominance masculine avec un sex ratio de 3,5. L’âge moyen était de 47,2 ( écart type [ET] 20,6 ) ans. Les morts violentes ont représenté 57,4 % de la mortalité globale, suivies du groupe des maladies de l’appareil circulatoire (24,5 %) et de celui des maladies de l’appareil respiratoire (6,5 %). Les causes de décès les plus fréquentes étaient les accidents de transport terrestre (33,7 %) et les cardiopathies ischémiques (17,9 %). Les accidents de la voie publique étaient à l’origine de 56,1 % des morts accidentelles. La pendaison était le mode suicidaire le plus fréquent (51,5 %). Les homicides étaient le plus souvent secondaires à des plaies par arme blanche (35,8 %). Conclusion : la CIM-10 a permis de mettre en avant la part de la mort violente et ses caractéristiques dans la mortalité médico-légale au nord de la Tunisie, ce qui témoigne de son efficacité dans la standardisation des conclusions des rapports d’autopsie.


Assuntos
Legislação como Assunto , Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Estudos Transversais , Biometria , Mortalidade , Morte
5.
Kopenhaagen; Maailma Terviseorganisatsioon. Euroopa Regionaalbüroo; 2021. (WHO/EURO:2021-2573-42329-58594).
em Estoniano | WHO IRIS | ID: who-341893

RESUMO

WHO on pidanud suitsiidikäitumise (enesetappude ja enesetapukatsete) registreerimise kvaliteeti, ajakohase epidemioloogilise ülevaate omamist globaalselt ning enesetappude ennetamist kõigis maailma maades väga oluliseks teemaks pika aja vältel. Suitsiidikäitumisega seonduv oli üheks oluliseks teemaks WHO vaimse tervise tegevuskavas (WHO, 2013), kus aastaks 2020 seati kaks globaalset eesmärki: (1) 80%-il maadest on olemas toimiv üleriigiline ja sektorite ülene vaimse tervise edendamise ja ennetamise programm; (2) suitsiidikordaja on riigiti vähenenud 10% võrra. Eesti pole kahjuks nende eesmärkide täitmiseni jõudnud. Käesoleva raporti eesmärk on anda epidemioloogiline ülevaade suitsiidikäitumisest (enesetapud ja enesetapukatsed) Eestis 21. sajandil rõhuasetusega viimastele aastatele, kasutades selleks Tervise Arengu Instituudi surmapõhjuste registri ja Eesti Haigekassa andmebaasi agregeeritud andmestikke. Seejuures on eraldi tähelepanu pööratud sotsiaal-demograafilistest teguritest tulenevale ebavõrdsusele ning suitsiidikäitumise registreerimise kvaliteedile. Raport on sisendiks Sotsiaalministeeriumi poolt koostatavale enesetappude ennetamise tegevuskavale.


Assuntos
Estônia , Suicídio , Tentativa de Suicídio , Saúde Mental , Morte
6.
Copenhagen; World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe; 2021.
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-338875

RESUMO

Many stillbirths and neonatal deaths can be prevented through evidence-based and timely interventions. In 2019, with the support of the WHO Regional Office for Europe and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the Ministry of Health of North Macedonia established the Perinatal Mortality Review Committee and analysed all perinatal deaths that occurred in the country during 2019. The purpose of the review was to assign a cause of death, to ascertain the fac-tors that contributed to the death and to identify any systemic issues that could be addressed to prevent future similar deaths.The perinatal mortality audit process in 2019 provided important insights and evidence-based recommendations that can be used both to address system errors and barriers and to identify and praise points of strength. The aim is to pro-vide recommendations for better care for mothers and their infants during pregnancy, childbirth and the neonatal period and improve the quality of care provided throughout the health system.


Assuntos
Morte , Mortalidade Perinatal , Natimorto , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Cuidado Pré-Natal , República da Macedônia do Norte
8.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 25(5): 315-321, 2019-05.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-361478

RESUMO

Background: Reliable and valid information on trends of mortality and common causes of death is essential to guide priorities for the allocation of resources within the health sector in order to improve health services for the population, increase longevity and improve quality of life.Aims: This study aimed to determine crude, gender, age and cause specific death rates and to examine mortality trends in a five-year period between 2007 and 2011 in Erbil City, Iraq. Methods: This study researched 16 780 deaths registered at the statistical unit of the Directorate of Health, Irbil City. Data were reviewed and cleared for the purpose of analysis. Causes of deaths were classified according to body systems.Results: The average crude death rate was 3.1 per 1000 population with male predominance over females in all the years of study (3.5 and. 2.7, respectively). The age-specific death rates were high in the old and middle age groups in addition to the under 5 years age group. Accidents and circulatory diseases were the leading causes of deaths with rates of 65.2 and 58.3/100 000 population, respectively. Conclusions: An accurate identification of cause of death suggests that the only use of the death certificate in Erbil is for the purpose of burial and legal issues, and therefore it is imperative for educational efforts to achieve a complete and comprehensive death registration.


Contexte : Il est essentiel de disposer d’informations fiables et valables sur les tendances de la mortalité et les causes communes de décès pour orienter les priorités en matière d’allocation des ressources dans le secteur de la santé afin d’améliorer les services de santé pour la population, d’accroître la longévité et d’améliorer la qualité de vie.Objectifs : La présente étude visait à déterminer les taux de mortalité bruts spécifiques, par sexe, par âge et par cause et à examiner les tendances de la mortalité sur une période de cinq ans entre 2007 et 2011 à Erbil en Iraq. Méthodes : Cette étude a porté sur 16 780 décès enregistrés à l’Unité des statistiques de la Direction de la Santé, de la ville d’Erbil. Les données ont été examinées et validées à des fins d’analyse. Les causes de décès ont été classées en fonction des systèmes corporels.Résultats : Le taux brut moyen de mortalité était de 3,1 pour 1000 habitants, avec une prédominance des hommes par rapport aux femmes dans toutes les années de l’étude (3,5 et 2,7-2,5) respectivement. Les taux de mortalité par âge étaient élevés dans les groupes des personnes âgées et des personnes d’âge moyen, en plus de ceux des moins de 5 ans. Les accidents et les maladies circulatoires étaient les principales causes de décès avec des taux de 65,2 et 58,3/100 000 habitants respectivement. Conclusions : Une identification précise de la cause du décès laisse supposer que le certificat de décès à Erbil n’est utilisé qu’à des fins d’inhumation et du fait de problèmes juridiques, et qu’il est donc impératif de déployer des efforts éducatifs pour parvenir à un enregistrement complet et détaillé du décès.


Assuntos
Sistemas de Saúde , Mortalidade , Causas de Morte , Atestado de Óbito , Morte , Iraque , Região do Mediterrâneo
9.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-250690

RESUMO

لقد أدرج لقاح المستدمية المنزلية من النمط "بي" في البرنامج اليمني للتمنيع في عام 2005 . وتقارن هذه الدراسة بين معدلات الإدخال في المستشفيات والوفيات ذات الصلة بالالتهاب الرئوي الشديد جدا والالتهاب السحائي الناجم عن جميع الأسباب قبل وبعد إدخال لقاح المستدمية النزلية المتقارن من النمط "بي"، وتعرض نتائج الترصد لالتهاب السحايا الجرثومي في عام 2010 . وهي دراسة استعادية أجريت على البيانات التي جمعت في الفترة 2000 - 2010 وشملت جميع الأطفال الذين تراوحت أعمارهم بين شهرين و 60 شهرا في المستشفى الرئيسي لطب الأطفال في صنعاء. وقد اتضح وجود انخفاضات يعتد بها إحصائيا ومثيرة للاهتمام في معدلات الإدخال إلى المستشفى والموت الناجم عن جميع أسباب التهابات السحايا في الفترة التي سبقت إدخال اللقاح مقارنة بالفترة التي تلت إدخال اللقاح. إلا أن معدل الإدخال إلى المستشفى والوفيات بسبب الالتهاب الرئوي الشديد جدا لم يتحسن إلا قليلا، وكانت هناك بينات على تناقص، ولكن دون أن يكون له ميل يعتد به إحصائيا، مما يدل على أن الالتهاب الرئوي الشديد جدا كان بمثابة نقطة نهائية غير نوعية تترافق بأسباب متعددة للأمراض [منها جرثومي ومنها فيروسي]. ولايزال الالتهاب الرئوي الشديد جدا هو السبب الأكثر انتشارا للأمراض الشديدة وللموت بين صغار الأطفال، ولاسيما من يقل عمره عن 12 شهرا


ABSTRACT Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine was included in the Yemen immunization programme in 2005. Thisstudy compared the rates of very severe pneumonia and all-cause meningitis hospitalization and death, before and afterintroduction of conjugate Hib vaccine, and reports the results of the 2010 bacterial meningitis surveillance. A retrospectiveanalysis was made of data collected for 2000–2010 for all children aged 2–60 months in the main children’s hospital inSana’a. Compared with the pre-Hib vaccination period, the post-Hib period showed significant and impressive reductionsin the rates of hospitalization and death for all-cause meningitis. However, hospitalization and death for very severepneumonia improved only modestly, and there was evidence of a decreasing but non-significant trend indicting that verysevere pneumonia was a non-specific endpoint with multi-etiologies (both viral and bacterial). Very severe pneumoniaremains the leading cause of severe morbidity and death for young children, particularly those aged < 12 months.


RÉSUMÉ Le vaccin contre Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) a été inclus dans le programme de vaccination duYémen en 2005. La présente étude a comparé les taux d'hospitalisation et de décès dus à une pneumonie trèssévère et à une méningite toutes causes confondues, avant et après l'introduction du vaccin Hib conjugué ; elle apar ailleurs présenté les résultats de la surveillance de la méningite bactérienne de 2010. Une analyse rétrospectivea été menée afin de recueillir des données sur la période de 2000 à 2010 pour tous les enfants âgés de 2 à 60 moisdans le grand hôpital pour enfants de Sanaa. Par rapport à la période précédant la vaccination par le Hib, la périodesuivant cette dernière a présenté des réductions significatives et remarquables dans les taux d'hospitalisation et dedécès pour méningite toutes causes confondues. Toutefois, les taux d'hospitalisation et de décès pour pneumonietrès sévère n'ont diminué que modestement. Des éléments montrent certes une tendance à la baisse, mais nonsignificative, et indiquent que la pneumonie très sévère n'était pas un critère d'évaluation spécifique lorsque lesétiologies étaient multiples (à la fois virale et bactérienne). La pneumonie très sévère reste la cause principale demorbidité sévère et de décès chez le jeune enfant, notamment chez l'enfant de moins de 12 mois.


Assuntos
Haemophilus influenzae tipo b , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus , Pneumonia , Meningite , Hospitalização , Criança , Morte , Estudos Retrospectivos
10.
Копенгаген; Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Европейское региональное бюро; 2005.
em Russo | WHO IRIS | ID: who-276813

RESUMO

С точки зрения общественного здравоохранения паллиативная помощь приобретает все большее значение. Большинство людей в развитых странах умирают в возрасте свыше 65 лет, однако в рамках политики здравоохранения вопросам удовлетворения потребностей людей в последние годы жизни уделяется относительно мало внимания. Люди старшего возраста, как правило, получают меньший объем паллиативной помощи по сравнению с более молодыми людьми, а сама эта помощь в основном нацелена на онкологических больных. В данной брошюре, предназначенной для руководителей и организаторов здравоохранения, рассматриваются: потребности людей старшего возраста; различные профили болезней, от которых они страдают; имеющиеся фактические данные о недооценке болевых и других симптомов, характерных для лиц старшего возраста; потребность в вовлечении пожилых в процесс принятия решений; фактические данные, указывающие на эффективные виды паллиативной помощи; а также вопросы, которые нужно будет рассмотреть в будущем. В сопутствующей брошюре, озаглавленной Паллиативная помощь: убедительные факты рассматриваются пути улучшения услуг в этой области, а также повышение информированности работников здравоохранения и общественности по этим вопросам.


Assuntos
Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos , Geriatria , Assistência Terminal , Morte , Cuidados Paliativos , Saúde Pública , Estado Terminal , Doença Crônica , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Apoio Social , Europa (Continente)
11.
Копенгаген; Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Европейское региональное бюро; 2005.
em Russo | WHO IRIS | ID: who-276781

RESUMO

В развитых странах наблюдается тенденция к старению населения, и сейчас большее чем прежде число людей испытывают к концу жизни те или иные симптомы серьезных хронических заболеваний. Удовлетворение потребностей этих людей ставит перед общественным здравоохранением серьезную задачу. По традиции паллиативная помощь на завершающем этапе жизни главным образом оказывалась онкологическим больным. В настоящей брошюре, предназначенной для руководителей и организаторов здравоохранения, разъясняется, почему службы здравоохранения должны обеспечивать высококачественную паллиативную помощь для всех лиц с тяжелыми хроническими болезнями. В частности, в ней приводятся фактические данные об эффективности паллиативной помощи, показано, как она может быть улучшена, а также разъясняется, почему важно обеспечить полную ее доступность. Публикация также содержит анализ различных культурных и здравоохранительных особенностей разных стран и описания способов повышения информированности работников здравоохранения и общественности по этим вопросам. В сопутствующей брошюре, озаглавленной Совершенствование паллиативной помощи пожилым людям, потребности этой уязвимой группы населения рассматриваются более подробно.


Assuntos
Assistência Terminal , Morte , Cuidados Paliativos , Saúde Pública , Estado Terminal , Doença Crônica , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Apoio Social , Europa (Continente)
12.
Copenhagen; World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe; 2004.
em Inglês, Espanhol | WHO IRIS | ID: who-107563

RESUMO

Palliative care is of growing public health importance. Most deaths in developed countries occur in people aged over 65, but relatively little health policy is directed at their needs in the last years of life. Older people tend to receive less palliative care than younger people and such services have focused on cancer. Aimed at health policy- and decision-makers, this booklet presents the needs of older people, the different trajectories of illnesses they suffer, evidence of underassessment of pain and other symptoms, their need to be involved in decision-making, evidence for effective palliative care solutions, and issues for the future. A companion booklet entitled Palliative care: the solid facts considers how to improve services and educate professionals and the public.


Assuntos
Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos , Geriatria , Assistência Terminal , Morte , Cuidados Paliativos , Saúde Pública , Estado Terminal , Doença Crônica , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Apoio Social , Europa (Continente)
13.
Copenhagen; World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe; 2004.
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-107561

RESUMO

Populations in European and other developed countries are ageing, and more people are now living with the effects of serious chronic illnesses towards the end of life. Meeting their needs presents a public health challenge. Traditionally, palliative care towards the end of life has been offered mostly to cancer patients, but must now be offered for a wider range of serious illnesses and integrated more broadly across health care services. This booklet is part of the WHO Regional Office for Europe's work to present evidence for health policy- and decision-makers in a clear and understandable form. It explains why health services should provide good quality palliative care for all people facing serious chronic illness. It provides evidence for the effectiveness of palliative care, shows how it can be improved, and explains the need to ensure full access. The booklet also explores the varied cultural and health care contexts in different countries, and reveals how to educate professionals and the public about these issues. A companion booklet entitled “Better palliative care for older people” considers this vulnerable group in more detail. Both booklets seek to broaden awareness, stimulate debate and promote action.


Assuntos
Assistência Terminal , Morte , Cuidados Paliativos , Saúde Pública , Estado Terminal , Doença Crônica , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Apoio Social , Europa (Continente)
14.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-119035

RESUMO

The prevalence of fear was explored in 340 adolescents in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates. More than 50% reported feeling extremely frightened of 6 out of 60 fear items surveyed. These items were: someone dying in the family [66.5%], parents getting divorced [65.3%], the devil [63.8%], breaking a religious law [61.5%], being kidnapped [53.2%] and being adopted [49.9%]. The level of fear showed a significant positive correlation with female gender, parental death/divorce, living with a single parent/relatives, living in low income families and an adverse home environment. Nearly half of the children reported that the fear caused considerable distress and interfered with daily activities


Assuntos
Atividades Cotidianas , Psicologia do Adolescente , Psicologia da Criança , Morte , Divórcio , Escolaridade , Família , Saúde Mental , Prevalência , Estresse Psicológico , Medo
19.
Brazzaville; Organisation mondiale de la Santé. Bureau régional de l'Afrique.; 1979. (AFR/RC29/R2).
em Francês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-110811
20.
Brazzaville; World Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa.; 1979. (AFR/RC29/R2).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-102958
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