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1.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 29(4): 254-261, 2023-04.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-368518

RESUMO

Background: This is one of the first studies exploring immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among blue-collar workers in Abu Dhabi. Aims: This study estimated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among workers living in a closed setting using qualitative analysis of the total SARS-CoV-2 antibody immune response. Methods: We conducted this monocentric, prospective, observational study in a labor compound for a cohort of workers between 28 March and 6 July 2020. We tested for SARS-CoV-2 (nasopharyngeal) (RT-PCR) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 T-Ab. Results: Out of a total of 1600 workers, 1206 (75.0%) participated in the study – all were males, median age 35 years (19–63 years). We found 51% of the participants to be positive for SARS-CoV-2; the 49.0% who tested negative were considered as contacts. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 T-Ab was detected among 864 participants, showing an overall point prevalence of 71.6%. A relatively higher response was found among cases (89.0%) than among contacts (53.2%). Conclusion: This study highlights the need to prioritize public health interventions in closed settings where disease transmission is higher due to greater overall exposure. A high seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 T-Ab was found among the residents. A serial quantitative study applying time series and regression models is recommended to further evaluate the sustainability of the immune response among this and similar population groups.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , COVID-19 , Betacoronavirus , Surtos de Doenças , Pessoal de Saúde , Estudos Prospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Emirados Árabes Unidos
2.
Geneva; World Health Organization; 2021. (WHO/2019-nCoV/Sci_Brief/Natural_immunity/2021.1).
em Inglês, Português | WHO IRIS | ID: who-341241
3.
Genève; Organisation mondiale de la Santé; 2020. (WHO/2019-nCoV/Sci_Brief/Immunity_passport/2020.1).
em Francês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-331904
4.
Ginebra; Organización Mundial de la Salud; 2020. (WHO/2019-nCoV/Sci_Brief/Immunity_passport/2020.1).
em Espanhol | WHO IRIS | ID: who-331903
5.
Geneva; World Health Organization; 2020. (WHO/2019-nCoV/Sci_Brief/Immunity_passport/2020.1).
em Inglês, Árabe, Russo, Chinês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-331866
12.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Francês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-119440

RESUMO

We made a comparative survey of the poliovirus antibodies [anti-poliovirus type 1, anti-poliovirus type 2 and anti-poliovirus type 3] and the measles antibodies in malnourished but completely vaccinated children [37] and control children [34].The age range was 10 months to 5 years. Immunization in children with protein-energy malnutrition was low for both vaccines. Seroprevalence rates of the polio 1, polio 2, polio 3 antibodies and the measles antibodies in the control group were 94.1%, 97.1%, 91.2% and 82.4% respectively. In malnourished children the respective rates were in some cases significantly lower being: 40.5% [P = 0.001], 59.5% [P = 0.001], 40.5% and 35.1%. Malnutrition is a major determinant of the humoral response to oral polio and measles vaccines and must be given due consideration to prevent vaccination failure


Assuntos
Distribuição por Idade , Anticorpos Antivirais , Formação de Anticorpos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Pré-Escolar , Esquemas de Imunização , Vírus do Sarampo , Distribuição por Sexo , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil
13.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-119438

RESUMO

An outbreak of measles due to secondary vaccine failure prompted this investigation into the prevalence of measles antibody in children. We studied 608 children in 7 different age groups: 6, 9, 14 and 18 months and 6, 10 and 15 years. Children in the 2 youngest groups received no vaccination; the rest were vaccinated at 9 months and 15 months. The 15-year-old age group received an additional vaccination. Transplacental measles antibody [Ab] decreased from 10.0% at 6 months to 0% at 9 months. Measles Ab was positive in 52.9% [14 months], 89.4% [18 months], 60.8% 96 years], 45.0% [10 years] and 96.8% [15 years].To increase Ab levels, a booster vaccination is recommended, administered either with the second DPT booster or at pre-high school age


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Distribuição por Idade , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunização Secundária , Imunoglobulina G , Sarampo , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Vacinação
14.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-119414

RESUMO

To better underst and the annual distribution of influenza virus in our country, we isolated and typed 45 viruses from 1043 patients with acute respiratory illnesses in a 10-year study conducted by the National Influenza Centre of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The seasonal distribution of influenza typically ran from November to April. Type A influenza was most common during the winters of 1991-92, 1997-98 and 2000-01 and type B influenza was most common during 1992-5 and 1996-97. Both type A and type B viruses circulated in 1995-96 and 1998-2000. A serological survey based on haemagglutination inhibition test confirmed our findings. The annual pattern of strains isolated was similar to the worldwide pattern during the same interval


Assuntos
Doença Aguda , Anticorpos Antivirais , Clima , Epidemiologia Molecular , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação , Incidência , Vírus da Influenza B , Estações do Ano , Influenza Humana
15.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-119286

RESUMO

We compared 50 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas [cases] and 45 matched healthy controls. Biopsy specimens were taken from tumours and normal tissue of the cases and controls respectively and serial paraffin embedded sections were processed to detect Epstein-Barr [EB] viral antigen. We found EB viral proteins in 38% of cases and none in controls, which suggests a positive correlation. Serum samples were also tested for the presence of EB virus IgG by ELISA for comparison with immunohistochemical findings. Patients with positive immunohistochemical staining results had significantly higher mean antibody titres compared with those with negative results. ELISA may be useful in determining the etiology of head and neck cancers, but the results are not unequivocally reliable


Assuntos
Distribuição por Idade , Anticorpos Antivirais , Biópsia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , DNA Viral , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Imunoglobulina G , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas
16.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-119274

RESUMO

Diseases caused by dengue, s and fly fever and hanta viruses pose a major health risk in many countries. We determined the threat of these arboviral infections through a serologic using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] based tests. Hantavirus-specific antibodies were also detected using immunofluorescence. Of 499 samples tested for dengue virus IgG antibodies l4% were as positive for dengue positive by all the ELISA tests. Among the 42 showing strong IgG reactivity, only 1 was positive for dengue virus IgM antibodies. All samples tested for IgG antibodies to s and fly fever virus were negative. Hantavirus antibodies were detected in 11% of the 46 samples from high-risk individuals. The low prevalences suggest that at present these infections are not a serious problem in Kuwait


Assuntos
Distribuição por Idade , Anticorpos Antivirais , Arbovírus , Bunyaviridae , Dengue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Orthohantavírus , Infecções por Hantavirus , Febre por Flebótomos , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes
17.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-119255

RESUMO

To determine the prevalence of rubella antibodies and age of exposure to rubella among Yemeni schoolgirls, we studied the sera samples of 323 female students [age range 11-21 years; mean age 16.26 +/- 1.89 years] drawn from three schools in Sana'a. All samples were screened for rubella IgG antibodies using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and, if negative, for IgM in order to exclude the possibility of recent exposure. Of 323 sera, 296 [91.64%] were positive for rubella IgG. All IgG negative sera were also IgM negative. Comparable antibody prevalence was observed in all age groups. The prevalence of rubella IgG among Yemeni schoolgirls is high, with most becoming immune between the ages of 11 and 21 years. Although the age of exposure seems to be </= 13 years, further investigation is needed to confirm this


Assuntos
Distribuição por Idade , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunidade Ativa , Imunoglobulina G , Imunoglobulina M , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão) , Vacina contra Rubéola , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Anticorpos Antivirais
18.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-119096

RESUMO

This paper describes the measles immunization programme in Saudi Arabia and the change from the single-dose schedule with the Schwartz vaccine to the double-dose schedule with the Edmonston-Zagreb vaccine. The recent measles-mumps-rubella school campaign is also described


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Pré-Escolar , Programas de Imunização , Esquemas de Imunização , Sarampo , Vírus do Sarampo , Determinação de Necessidades de Cuidados de Saúde , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Vacinação , Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-Rubéola
19.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-119091

RESUMO

We tested the effects of vitamin A supplementation on the antibody titre of 40 healthy volunteers [age range: 10-35 years], who had received a complete course of antirabies vaccine [5 injections over 30 days]. After determining the baseline serum vitamin A status of 80 volunteers, 20 pairs were matched for serum vitamin A level, body mass index, age, sex and socioeconomic status. One person from each pair was randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The experimental group received vitamin A and antirabies vaccine. Controls received only the vaccine. The experimental group had significantly greater [2.1 times] serum antirabies titre than controls. This finding is an important step towards improving the economy of dosage of antirabies vaccines


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Formação de Anticorpos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Terapia Combinada , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunocompetência , Vacina Antirrábica , Vírus da Raiva , Vacinação , Deficiência de Vitamina A , Vitamina A
20.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-118999

RESUMO

We used indirect ELISA assay to test 1193 sera for rubella IgG and IgM antibodies in a seroepidemiological survey of three age- and gender-differentiated sample populations in Shiraz: 203 children aged 2-7 years, 255 paired mothers and neonates [cord blood] and 480 women aged 14-70 years. Seropositivity among women aged 14-70 years was 96.2%. No IgM positive case was found among the 255 tested cord blood samples. Seropositivity among the 203 children was 97.0% [much higher than previously reported]. This may be due to rubella epidemics, which tend to occur every 6-10 years. The impact of introducing rubella vaccination is discussed


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Doenças Endêmicas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Sangue Fetal , Imunoglobulina G , Imunoglobulina M , Gravidez , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão) , Vírus da Rubéola , Saúde da População Urbana , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos
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