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1.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 27(7): 679-686, 2021-07.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-353207

RESUMO

Background: Despite the widespread literate on health inequalities and their determinants, changes in health inequalities over time have not received enough attention. Aims: To measure and decompose the over-time changes in economic inequality in presenting visual acuity measured using Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution. Methods: We analyzed 4,706 participants who had complete data on presenting visual acuity and economic status in 2009 and 2014 in the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study. We measured changes in presenting visual acuity concentration indices and decomposed them the using a longitudinal approach. Results: Both the presenting visual acuity and economic status deteriorated between 2009 and 2014. The mean (standard deviation) for presenting visual acuity and economic status scores in 2009 versus 2014 were 0.090 (0.2) versus 0.103 (0.2) and 0.01 (1.0) versus 0.0005 ( 1.07), respectively. Presenting visual acuity concentration index (95% confidence interval) in the first versus second phases of the study were –0.245 (–0.212 to –0.278) versus –0.195 (–0.165 to –0.225), respectively. Longitudinal decomposition of this change in concentration indices during the 5-year period indicated that the most important contributor to reduction in economic inequality of presenting visual acuity was deterioration of presenting visual acuity among people with higher economic status due to their aging. Conclusion: Unexpectedly, reduction in economic inequality in presenting visual acuity was due to presenting visual acuity deterioration among the higher economic status group rather than its amelioration among the lower economic status group. Therefore, the needs of all socioeconomic groups should be considered separately to modify presenting visual acuity in each group and, consequently, reduce the economic inequality in presenting visual acuity.


Assuntos
Acuidade Visual , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Classe Social , Política de Saúde , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde , Escolaridade , Educação , Estado Civil , Status Econômico
2.
East. Mediterr. health j ; 27(7): 643-739, 2021-07.
Artigo em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-346287

RESUMO

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal is the official health journal published by the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization. It is a forum for the presentation and promotion of new policies and initiatives in health services; and for the exchange of ideas concepts epidemiological data research findings and other information with special reference to the Eastern Mediterranean Region. It addresses all members of the health profession medical and other health educational institutes interested NGOs WHO Collaborating Centres and individuals within and outside the Region


المجلة الصحية لشرق المتوسط هى المجلة الرسمية التى تصدرعن المكتب الاقليمى لشرق المتوسط بمنظمة الصحة العالمية. وهى منبر لتقديم السياسات والمبادرات الجديدة فى الصحة العامة والخدمات الصحية والترويج لها، و لتبادل الاراء و المفاهيم والمعطيات الوبائية ونتائج الابحاث وغير ذلك من المعلومات، و خاصة ما يتعلق منها باقليم شرق المتوسط. وهى موجهة الى كل اعضاء المهن الصحية، والكليات الطبية وسائر المعاهد التعليمية، و كذا المنظمات غير الحكومية المعنية، والمراكز المتعاونة مع منظمة الصحة العالمية والافراد المهتمين بالصحة فى الاقليم و خارجه


La Revue de Santé de la Méditerranée Orientale est une revue de santé officielle publiée par le Bureau régional de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé pour la Méditerranée orientale. Elle offre une tribune pour la présentation et la promotion de nouvelles politiques et initiatives dans le domaine de la santé publique et des services de santé ainsi qu’à l’échange d’idées de concepts de données épidémiologiques de résultats de recherches et d’autres informations se rapportant plus particulièrement à la Région de la Méditerranée orientale. Elle s’adresse à tous les professionnels de la santé aux membres des instituts médicaux et autres instituts de formation médico-sanitaire aux ONG Centres collaborateurs de l’OMS et personnes concernés au sein et hors de la Région


Assuntos
Faculdades de Saúde Pública , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar , Desinfecção das Mãos , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Acuidade Visual , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta , Farmacovigilância , Mão de Obra em Saúde , Parada Cardíaca Extra-Hospitalar , Exposição à Violência , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Neoplasias
3.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-118487

RESUMO

Oman is at the threshold of eliminating blinding trachoma. We conducted a community-based survey in 2009-10 to study the association of trachomatous trichiasis [TT] status with visual acuity and blindness among the Omani population aged 40+ years. A total of 8191 eyes were examined and participants' demographic data were collected. TT was absent in 7890 eyes but 227 of these eyes had had lid surgery for TT in the past. TT was detected in 301 eyes, for the first time in 154 eyes and following lid surgery in 147 eyes. The rate of blindness was significantly lower in eyes that had undergone lid surgery in the past [OR = 0.54]. In regression analysis the predictors of blindness were participant's age [adjusted OR = 1.01], sex [aOR = 2.01], history of lid surgery [aOR = 3.09] and residence in a hyperendemic trachoma area [aOR = 10.6]. Promotion of TT surgery might be beneficial in reducing blindness


Assuntos
Triquíase , Tracoma , Transtornos da Visão , Acuidade Visual , Cegueira , Estudos Transversais , Pálpebras
4.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-117889

RESUMO

A retrospective review of records determined the frequency and causes of low vision and blindness in all children aged <16 years attending an ophthalmic practice in Sana'a, Yemen between January and December 2001. Of the 1104 children studied, 45 [4.1%] were found to have bilateral blindness and 115 [10.4%] were unilaterally blind; 48 children [4.3%] were bilaterally visually impaired and 109 [9.9%] were unilaterally visually impaired. The main causes of bilateral blindness included cataract, glaucoma and retinal disorders. The most common causes of bilateral low vision included refractive errors, keratoconus and retinal disorders. These results provide a basis for planning blindness prevention programmes in Yemen


Assuntos
Cegueira , Baixa Visão , Acuidade Visual , Estudos Retrospectivos , Catarata , Glaucoma
5.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-117501

RESUMO

This study evaluated the prevalence and severity of ophthalmic manifestations in all Graves disease patients [n = 68] presenting to endocrine clinics at Mashad University of Medical Sciences between December 2002 and September 2005. The mean age of patients was 38.0 [SD 14.0] years, range 15 to 71 years. The most common complaints were foreign body sensation [54.0%] and puffy eyelids [48.4%]. The most common apparent abnormality was lid retraction in 64.2% of patients [bilateral in 95.3% of cases]. The patients had a mean modified Werner's NO SPECS classification score of 3.00 [SD 1.46]. The score was significantly higher in males than females [3.58 [SD 1.44] versus 2.63 [SD 1.35]] and was positively correlated with age


Assuntos
Prevalência , Distribuição por Idade , Distribuição por Sexo , Estudos Prospectivos , Testes de Função Tireóidea , Pressão Intraocular , Acuidade Visual , Exoftalmia , Oftalmopatia de Graves
6.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-117287

RESUMO

The prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness were determined in 29 048 children < 16 years in all households of 5 camps for internally displaced people in Khartoum State, Sudan. After house-to-house visits by trained health care workers, 916 children received further assessment, 2.7% of whom were found to be blind, 1.6% to be severely visually impaired and 5.5% to be visually impaired, according to World Health Organization criteria. The prevalence of blindness in children in the camps was estimated as 1.4 per 1000 children. The leading causes of blindness were found to be corneal opacities [40.0%], mainly due to vitamin A deficiency, followed by amblyopia [32.5%]


Assuntos
Cegueira , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Transtornos da Visão , Acuidade Visual , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Distribuição por Idade , Distribuição por Sexo , Prevalência
7.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-119400

RESUMO

The study was carried out in Meshed, Islamic Republic of Iran, from 1998 to 2000 to explore the visual outcome of eye surgery with extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens replacement on 18 leprosy patients [20 eyes]. The most common complications of leprosy were madarosis [90%] and partial or total corneal opacity [90%]. Visual acuity before surgery ranged from 'light perception' to 1/10, and this improved after surgery to 5/10-8/10 for 55% of patients. Postoperative infection leading to endophthalmitis occurred in only 1 patient and was treated with drugs; this patient's visual acuity remained at 10 cm finger count. Posterior synechia due to chronic uveitis in leprosy was diagnosed in 70% of eyes, obstructed iris in 25%, keratic precipitates in 25% and moderate iris atrophia in 10%


Assuntos
Opacidade da Córnea , Ectrópio , Implante de Lente Intraocular , Resultado do Tratamento , Uveíte , Acuidade Visual , Hanseníase
9.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-119179

RESUMO

Causes of bilateral low vision [BLLV] and bilateral blindness [BLB] were investigated among 720 outpatients aged > 45 years in Irbid, Jordan, between July 1999 and October 2000. All received full ophthalmic examinations. BLLV was defined as visual acuity < 6/18 but > 3/60 in the better eye; BLB as acuity < 3/60 in the better eye. The leading cause of BLB and BLLV was cataract. Refractive error was the second major cause of BLLV. Other common causes were diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Age-related macular degeneration was the single cause of BLB and BLLV for only 1.6% and 2.8% respectively. A population-based survey of BLB and BLLV in the elderly, yearly vision examinations and an ophthalmic education programme are recommended


Assuntos
Distribuição por Idade , Cegueira , Catarata , Retinopatia Diabética , Glaucoma , Degeneração Macular , Oftalmoscopia , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Seleção Visual , Acuidade Visual , Transtornos da Visão
11.
(East. Mediterr. health j).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-118474

RESUMO

The prevalence and etiology of visual loss and eye diseases were determined in a resident Afghan refugee community in northern Pakistan. The survey included 1156 people and revealed that 2.1% of the population were blind and 6.9% were visually impaired according to WHO criteria. The leading causes of blindness included cataract [62.5%], uncorrected refractive errors [16.6%], retinal degeneration/dystrophy [12.5%], glaucoma [4.2%] and microphthalmos [4.2%]. The causes of visual loss were uncorrected refractive errors [46.2%], cataract [32.7%] and corneal opacities [4.8%]. These conditions were also important causes of unilateral lost vision. Active trachoma was found in 3.7% of all children under 10 years of age


Assuntos
Prevalência , Oftalmopatias , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Cegueira , Acuidade Visual , Catarata , Glaucoma , Erros de Refração , Degeneração Retiniana , Baixa Visão
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