Effectiveness of the Mobile Emergency Medical Services (SAMU): use of interrupted time series.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the Mobile Emergency Medical Services (SAMU) in the ABC Region, using myocardial infarction as tracer condition. METHODS: The analysis of interrupted time series was the approach chosen to test immediate and gradual effects of the intervention on the study population. The research comprised adjusted monthly time series of the hospital mortality rate by myocardial infarction in the period between 2000 and 2011. Data were extracted from the Mortality Information System (SIM), using segmented regression analysis to evaluate the level and trend of the intervention before and after its implementation. To strengthen the internal validity of the study, a control region was included. RESULTS: The analysis of interrupted time series showed a reduction of 0.04 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants in the mortality rate compared to the underlying trend since the implementation of the Emergency Medical Services (p = 0.0040; 95%CI: -0.0816 - -0.0162) and a reduction in the level of 2.89 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants (p = 0.0001; 95%CI: -4.3293 - -1.4623), both with statistical significance. Regarding the control region, Baixada Santista, the difference in the result trend between intervention outcome and post-intervention control of -0.0639 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants was statistically significant (p = 0.0031; 95%CI: -0.1060 - -0.0219). We cannot exclude confounders, but we limited their presence in the study by including control region series. CONCLUSIONS: Although the analysis of interrupted time series has limitations, this modeling can be useful for analyzing the performance of policies and programs. Even though the intervention studied is not a condition that in itself implies effectiveness, the latter would not be present without the former, which, integrated with other conditions, generates a positive result. SAMU is a strategy that must be expanded when formulating and consolidating policies focusing on emergency care.

Impact of vaccination on the incidence of varicella hospitalizations in a state in Southeast Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to analyze cases of complicated varicella and the impact of varicella vaccination in Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: This was a time series study of a territorial basis using data on varicella cases from 2010 to 2016, which was provided by the State Health Department of Minas Gerais on . Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis, and the generalized linear regression model proposed by Prais-Winsten was used for the time tendency, adopting a significance level of 5% and the integrated autoregressive modeling of moving averages. RESULTS: There were 1,635 cases of varicella; out of which cellulitis (44%) was the predominant complication. The home-acquired cases were 38.9% and 464 cases (40.6%) were not previously vaccinated. There was a significant decrease in the incidence coefficient when comparing the pre- and post- immunization periods, from 1.95 cases/100,000 inhabitants in 2010 to 0.24 cases/100.000 inhabitants in 2016 (p<0.05). There was a higher incidence of cases recorded among males, with higher prevalence in the age group of 1-4 years (54.7%). Lethality was higher between 5-9 years of age (44%). Mortality was higher in the age group of 0-4 years and among females (2.58/100,000 inhabitants/year). The overall trend of the incidence coefficient was a decreasing one, with an annual percentage variation. CONCLUSIONS: The number of complicated varicella cases notified decreased, coincidentally, in the post-immunization period. However, the immunization coverage period was restricted for the assessment of the correlation between immunization coverage and incidence.

Health services utilization to control arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the city of São Paulo. / Uso de serviços de saúde para controle da hipertensão arterial e do diabetes mellitus no município de São Paulo.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of health services utilization for control of arterial hypertension (AH) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the city of São Paulo in 2003, 2008 and 2015 and to analyze associated factors to this utilization in 2015. METHODS: Data regarding adults who participated in the Health Surveys conducted in the city of Sao Paulo, ISA-Capital 2003, 2008 and 2015, were analyzed. Prevalences and 95% confidence intervals for the three years were estimated to describe the prevalence of the use of services to control HA and DM. For the year of 2015, prevalences of the same variables were estimated according to sociodemographic, geographic and health characteristics. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate AH and DM analysis models. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the prevalence of people who reported routine health services utilization to control AH and DM in the period 2003-2015. For 2015, an increased routine health services utilization to control AH was observed among elderly and those who reported health insurance. For those who reported DM, an association between health services utilization and low schooling was found. Being elderly reduces the risk of not going to the health services to control AH, while being male and not having a health insurance increase this risk significantly. CONCLUSIONS: to identify how individuals with AH and DM use health services in way to control these diseases is very important to reduce access barriers and, yet, provide guidance in health policies to reduce disparities.

OBJETIVO: Descrever as prevalências do uso de serviços de saúde para controle da hipertensão arterial (HA) e do diabetes mellitus (DM) no município de São Paulo nos anos de 2003, 2008 e 2015 e analisar os fatores associados a esse uso no ano de 2015. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados dados de população adulta provenientes dos inquéritos de saúde no município de São Paulo em 2003, 2008 e 2015. Foram estimadas as prevalências e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% nos 3 anos para descrever as prevalências do uso de serviços de saúde para controle da HA e do DM. Para 2015, foram estimadas as prevalências para as mesmas variáveis segundo características sociodemográficas, geográficas e de saúde. Utilizou-se regressão logística multinomial para estimar modelos de análise para HA e DM. RESULTADOS: Observou-se aumento significativo no percentual de pessoas que referiram ir ao serviço de saúde de rotina por causa da HA e do DM no período 2003 a 2015. Em 2015, maior uso de serviços de saúde de rotina para controle da HA foi observado entre os idosos e as pessoas que referiram possuir plano de saúde. No caso do DM, houve associação entre o uso de serviços e baixa escolaridade. Ser idoso diminui o risco de não ir ao serviço de saúde para o controle da HA, enquanto ser do sexo masculino e não possuir plano de saúde aumentam esse risco significativamente. CONCLUSÕES: Identificar como os indivíduos com HA e DM utilizam os serviços de saúde para controle das doenças é de extrema relevância para reduzir barreiras no acesso e, ainda, orientar políticas de saúde no intuito de reduzir desigualdades.

Adults and the elderly who received nutritional counseling in a city of southern Brazil: a population-based study. / Recebimento de aconselhamento nutricional por adultos e idosos em um município do Sul do Brasil: estudo de base populacional.

INTRODUCTION: Nutrition counseling has played a critical role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate how adults and elderly people, who are residents in an urban area of Southern Brazil, received nutritional counseling. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional population based study. Data was collected through a questionnaire applied at home. The outcome was the prevalence of nutritional counseling received in the past year that came from different means, including means of communication. Sociodemographic variables, doctor visits in the past year, nutritional state and other healthcare variables were analyzed. RESULTS: The sample included 1,296 individuals (rate of answer of 90.7%). The results indicate that the majority of the people interviewed were females (56.6%), with their age ranging from 18 to 59 years-old (75.3%). The prevalence of people receiving nutritional counseling was 19.9% (95%CI 17.3 -22.5). It was higher among women than men (p = 0.01). The sex-adjusted analyses showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) association in men for the variables: schooling ≥ 12 years; medical consultation in the last year; low weight; obesity; diabetes and hypertension. Among the women, the following variables were associated with the outcome: health insurance; medical consultation in the last year; obesity and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The low prevalence of nutritional counseling and its association with diseases exposes the need for it to be implemented not only for treatment purposes but also as preventive health actions.

INTRODUÇÃO: O aconselhamento nutricional vem desempenhando um papel de suma importância na prevenção e no tratamento de diversas doenças. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o recebimento de aconselhamento nutricional em adultos e idosos residentes na área urbana de um município do Sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário aplicado em domicílio. O desfecho foi o recebimento de aconselhamento nutricional no último ano vinculado a diversos meios, até mesmo aos de comunicação. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, consulta médica no último ano, estado nutricional e outras variáveis de saúde. RESULTADOS: Um total de 1.296 indivíduos compôs a amostra (taxa de resposta de 90,7%), sendo a maioria mulher (56,6%) e com idade entre 18 e 59 anos (75,3%). A prevalência do recebimento de aconselhamento nutricional foi de 19,9% (IC95% 17,3 - 22,5), sendo maior em mulheres do que em homens (p = 0,01). Na análise estratificada por sexo, nos homens houve associação significativa (p < 0,05) com o desfecho as variáveis: escolaridade ≥ 12 anos; consulta médica no último ano; baixo peso; obesidade; diabetes e hipertensão. Entre as mulheres, apresentaram associação com o desfecho as variáveis: plano de saúde; consulta médica no último ano; obesidade e diabetes. CONCLUSÃO: A baixa prevalência do aconselhamento nutricional e sua associação com doenças já instaladas expõem a necessidade de que o aconselhamento seja realizado não somente para o tratamento mas também como ações preventivas.

Patient safety in primary health care and polypharmacy: cross-sectional survey among patients with chronic diseases.

OBJECTIVE: to characterize and determine the polypharmacy prevalence in patients with chronic diseases and to identify the factors associated, in order to improvement of pharmaceutical care focused on patient safety. METHODS: cross-sectional study included 558 patients, covered by primary health care, using a household and structured questionnaire. We analyzed the data on polypharmacy and its clinical and socioeconomic factors. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was applied, with results expressed in prevalence ratio. RESULTS: the results showed that polypharmacy (consumption of four or more drugs) was of 37.6%. The prevalence ratio analyses identified independent variables associated with polypharmacy: age (3.05), economic strata (0.33), way of medication acquisition through a combination of out-of-pocket and Brazilian public health system (1.44), diabetes and hypertension (2.11), comorbidities (coronary artery disease 2.26) and hospital admission (1.73). In the analyses, inappropriate medication use of the 278 patients (≥ 65 years) was associated with polypharmacy (prevalence ratio 4.04). CONCLUSION: polypharmacy study becomes an opportunity to guide the strategies for the patient safety to promote the medication without harm in chronic diseases.

Satisfaction of users of Psychosocial Care Centers.

OBJECTIVE: evaluate the satisfaction of users with the care provided at the Psychosocial Care Centers and its association with clinical and sociodemographic factors. METHOD: this cross-sectional study was conducted with 55 users from 5 Psychosocial Care Centers. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were obtained through an individual structured interview. The abbreviated version of the Mental Health Services Satisfaction Scale (SATIS-BR) was used for data collection. RESULTS: were descriptively analyzed and simple and multiple logistic regression models were adjusted for analysis of associations, estimating the gross and adjusted odds ratio, with the respective confidence intervals of 95%. Results: the age average of the sample was 40.1 (±12.4) years and the degree of satisfaction average was 4.56 (±0.45). Users with less education (primary school) had 5 times more chance of having less satisfaction (p<0.05). Users with frequency of intensive monitoring were 5 times more likely to have less satisfaction than users who receive monthly monitoring (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: the majority of users are satisfied with the service and factors such as low education and higher frequency of monitoring influenced the satisfaction.

Major Depressive Syndrome (MDS) and its Association with Time of Residence among Spanish Speaking Au-Pairs Living in Germany.

The number of au-pairs in Germany is on the rise. In 2017, about 13,500 au-pairs were living in German families, almost half of them originating from non-European Union (EU) countries and many of them from Spanish speaking countries. Knowledge about mental health among au-pairs in Germany is limited. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of Major Depressive Syndrome (MDS) and its potential association with time of residence among Spanish speaking au-pairs living in Germany via an exploratory analysis. This study included a sample of 409 Spanish speaking au-pairs living in Germany. We classified the au-pairs into those who lived less than three weeks in Germany (newcomer au-pairs) and those who lived more than three weeks (experienced au-pairs). The participants were recruited by an online survey (Facebook and Instagram) from August 2018 to June 2019. Socio-demographic characteristics, time of residence in Germany and the level of education were assessed. MDS was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire depression module (PHQ-9). Poisson regression models were calculated to evaluate the association between time of residence in Germany and prevalence of MDS. Most of the participants were female (91%). Almost half of them came from Colombia (48%) and were in the age range between 22-24 years (40%). Prevalence of MDS was 8% among newcomers and 19% among experienced au-pairs (p = 0.002). Differences remained statistically significant after adjustment for potential confounders (age, level of education and time of residence in Germany) (prevalence ratio 2.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.22-4.14). In conclusion, au-pairs may develop mental symptoms during their time abroad. Future prospective studies should aim at identifying potential risk factors and preventive measures.

Preconception health behaviors among women with planned pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE: To identify determinants of preconception preparation among women with planned pregnancies. METHOD: A cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 264 women between 18 and 49 years of age who had or were undergoing planned pregnancies, and were users of two School Health Centers in the city of São Paulo. Analysis was conducted through univariate and multiple logistic regression of three variable blocks: 1) social and demographic characteristics; 2) sexual and reproductive characteristics; 3) preexisting health conditions. RESULTS: Women with higher education, belonging to economic groups A and B, and older women with infertility were more likely to perform preconception training. CONCLUSION: Preconception care has a strong social determination, as women with more favorable social profiles are more likely to perform it. Experience with infertility is also instrumental in the likelihood of preconception care.

Discursos de profesionales y adolescentes sobre el acceso de esta población a los Servicios de Salud en Venezuela, 2017 / Discourses of professionals and adolescents about the access of adolescents to Health Services in Venezuela, 2017

Resumen El objetivo fue analizar los discursos de profesionales y adolescentes sobre los factores que dificultan y potencializan el acceso de esta población a los servicios de salud (SS) y los efectos que generan en el alcance de la equidad en un estado de Venezuela. Se realizaron 12 entrevistas con adolescentes y 12 con profesionales, teniendo como base el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD) y la estructura triangular de Thiede, Akweongo y McIntyre. Los resultados se estructuraron en tres temas: el poder de los estereotipos y creencias; la ley al margen del derecho a la salud y construyendo prácticas humanizadas. El marco jurídico-legal admite contradicciones inaceptables que amplían las desigualdades. La edad predomina como una barrera para atender a adolescentes solas/solos, aunque no es percibida como tal por profesionales y está naturalizada como requisito obligatorio. Las/los adolescentes reivindican el derecho de ser respetados, escuchados y atendidos solos. Unos profesionales defienden aplicar de forma rígida normas que limitan el acceso, y otros intentan generar formas que lo garanticen. Los discursos que confrontan el hegemónico deben ser valorizados porque muestran que es posible facilitar el acceso con estrategias que se centren en los usuarios. La confianza aparece como un valor importante en la formación de vínculos entre profesionales/adolescentes. La brecha entre perspectivas de profesionales/adolescentes influenciada por la cultura organizacional son elementos para (re)pensar nuevas posturas institucionales en los SS que faciliten el acceso. El ACD permite dar voz a grupos minoritarios (adolescentes), identificando estrategias para alcanzar la equidad en el acceso a los SS.

Abstract The aim was to analyze the discourses of professionals and adolescents about the factors that hinder and potentiate this population's access to health services (HS) and the effects it generates in the scope of equity in a Venezuelan state. Twelve interviews were conducted with adolescents and 12 with professionals, based on the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and the triangular structure of Thiede, Akweongo and McIntyre. The results were structured around three themes: the power of stereotypes and beliefs; the law outside the right to health; and building humanized practices. The judicial-legal framework admits unacceptable contradictions that amplify inequalities. Age predominates as a barrier to consultation for alone adolescents, although it is not perceived by professionals and is accepted as a mandatory requirement. Adolescents claim the right to be respected, listened and cared when they are alone. Some professionals defend the rigid application of norms that limit access, and others try to generate forms to guarantee rights. The discourses that confront the hegemonic must be valued because they show that it is possible to facilitate the access with strategies that focus the users. Trust appears as an important value in the formation of links between professionals/adolescents. The gap between professional/adolescent perspectives influenced by organizational culture are elements for (re)thinking new institutional positions in HS to facilitate the access. The CDA makes it possible to give a voice to minority groups (adolescents), identifying strategies to achieve equity in access to the HS.

El sistema de atención en el Servicio de Emergencias Médicas de un hospital / The attention system in a hospital's Emergency Medical Service

Introducción: El sistema de emergencia hospitalaria es el umbral indispensable para ingresar al sistema de atención. Con la tamización de las consultas se puede dar agilidad, eficiencia y coordinación certera en el diagnóstico y tratamiento, aportando un tránsito dinámico para mantener el equilibrio entre la atención médica y la optimización de recursos, con la utilización de indicadores de salud como herramienta básica para valorar y mejorar el trabajo. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo, llevado a cabo en el Hospital Sirio Libanés de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, con pacientes incorporados en el año 2018. Se utilizaron herramientas de análisis tales como proporciones, media aritmética simple, de grupo y desviación estándar de datos agrupados. Resultados: Se registraron 31 700 consultas, el 77.24% de las cuales (24 485) pertenece al Instituto Nacional de Servicio Social para Jubilados y Pensionados, y el 22.76% (7215) a otras obras sociales. Los meses de mayor atención fueron: agosto (n = 2372), septiembre (n = 2318) y octubre (n = 2278). El triage tamizó por afección, asignando prioridad, optimizado tiempo y recursos; se internaron 3999 pacientes (13%), los cuales se asignaron a los siguientes rangos etarios: menores de 20 años (n = 25), 20 a 39 años (n = 241), 40 a 59 años (n = 351), 60 a 79 años (n =170), más de 80 años (n = 1812). Edad promedio: 69 años, y 75 años para datos agrupados por intervalo; desviación estándar: 17. Once camas disponibles; promedio diario de permanencia: 10.97. Porcentaje de ocupación: 99.54%; promedio de permanencia: 1.005. Giro de cama: 40.13. Tasa de mortalidad del Servicio de Emergencias: 2.57. Conclusión: El Servicio de Emergencia Médica tiene una tasa de ocupación del 9954%, que corresponde a un grupo etario de más de 60 años. Esto conlleva a tener un dinamismo eficaz que se ve reflejado en el giro de cama de 40.13.

The hospital emergency system is an essential threshold to enter the care system. Screening of consultations can provide agility, efficiency and accurate coordination in diagnosis and treatment, offering a dynamic transit to maintain the balance between medical care and resource optimization. Health indicators are used as a basic tool for assessing and improving work. Materials and methods: Observational, longitudinal, retrospective study carried out at the Syrian Lebanese Hospital of the City of Buenos Aires, with patients enrolled in 2018. Analytical tools such as proportions, simple arithmetic mean, group, and standard deviation of grouped data were used. Results: 31 700 consultations were recorded; 77.24%, 24 485 with the National Institute of Social Service for Retirees and Pensioners; 22.76% (7215) consultations with other social health plans. The months of greatest attention were: August (n = 2372), September (n = 2318) and October (n = 2278). The triage screened the patients for pathology, priority assigned, optimized time and resources; 3999 (13%) patients were hospitalized and assigned by age range: under 20 years (n = 25), 20 to 39 (n = 241), 40 to 59 (n = 351), 60 to 79 (n = 170), over 80 years (n = 1812); average age of 69 years, and 75 years for data grouped by interval. Standard deviation: 17. 11 beds available; average stay: 10.97 days. Percentage occupancy: 99.54%. Average stay: 1.005. Bed rotation: 40.13. Emergency service mortality rate: 2.57. Conclusion: The Medical Emergency Service has an occupancy rate of 99.54%, corresponding to an age group of over 60 years. This leads to an effective dynamism that is reflected in the bed rotation of 40.13.

Feeding of HIV-exposed children in a city in south of Brazil: family capability, clinical and social conditions / Alimentação de crianças expostas ao HIV em um município do sul do Brasil: capacidade familiar, condição clínica e social

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the association between the sociodemographic and clinical aspects of the caregiver and the child, the family's ability to prepare and administer milk and complementary feeding of children exposed to HIV. Methods: cross-sectional study performed with 72 caregivers, in Brazil, through the tool of sociodemographic and clinical characterization of the caregiver and the Capability to Care for HIV-Exposed Children Assessment Scale. Results: there was a high capability to feed (76.6%), both for milk (85.0%) and comple-mentary (65%) feeding. For the milk feeding, accessing the health unit in any situation (p=0.003), having other child exposed to HIV (p=0.013), maintaining the follow-up in the health service (p=0.048) and not consuming alcohol (p=0.045) influenced on the higher probability of the caregiver to present high capability, while residing in the peri-urban area (p=0.002) indicated moderate capability. For the complementary feeding, the higher the schooling (p=0.025), the number of appointments scheduled for the child (p=0.045) and the child being followed up in the health service (p=0.035), the higher the probability of obtaining high capability. Conclusions: the exposure of social and clinical factors of caregivers influences the ability to feed. To ensure adequate nutrition, it is necessary for the health services to be able to consider the geo-socio-cultural characteristics of families in the elaboration of guidelines.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a associação entre os aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos do cuidador e da criança, a capacidade familiar para preparar e administrar a alimentação láctea e complementar de crianças expostas ao HIV. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com 72 cuidadores, entre fevereiro de 2016 a março de 2017, por meio de instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica do cuidador e Escala de Avaliação da Capacidade para Cuidar de Crianças Expostas ao HIV. Resultados: evidenciou-se alta capacidade para alimentar (76,6%), tanto para alimen-tação láctea (85,0%) quanto complementar (65%). Para a láctea, acessar a unidade básica em qualquer situação (p=0,003), ter outros filhos expostos ao HIV (p=0,013), manter o acompanhamento no serviço de saúde (p=0,048) e não consumir álcool (p=0,045) influen-ciou na maior probabilidade de o cuidador apresentar alta capacidade, enquanto que residir em zona periurbana (p=0,002) indicou capacidade moderada. Para a alimentação comple-mentar, quanto maior a escolaridade (p=0,025), o número de consultas da criança (p=0,045) e a criança estar em acompanhamento no serviço de saúde (p=0,035), maior a probabilidade de obter capacidade alta. Conclusões: a exposição dos fatores sociais e clínicos das cuidadoras influencia na capacidade para alimentar. Para garantir a alimentação adequada, é necessário que os serviços de saúde estejam aptos a considerar as características geo-sócio-culturais das famílias na elaboração das orientações.

Abortion among women living with or not living with HIV/AIDS users of public health services in São Paulo municipality: prevalence, contexts and reasons / Aborto entre mulheres vivendo e não vivendo com HIV/AIDS usuárias de serviços públicos de saúde no município de São Paulo: prevalência, contextos e motivos

Abstract Objectives: we investigated the lifetime prevalence of abortion and life contexts and reasons reported for first abortion among women living (WLHA) and not living with HIV/AIDS(WNLHA). Methods: representative samples of 975 users of public health care reference network for HIV/AIDS and of 1,003 users of the primary care public services in São Paulo municipality were selected by cluster-stratified sampling and answered an electronic socio-behavioral questionnaire. Results: the prevalence of abortion was 11.9% (CI95%9.8-13.9) among WLHA and 3.0% (CI95%2.4-5.7) for WNLHA.Most abortions (128) among WLHA occurred before diagnosis and 28 after diagnosis or during pregnancy when diagnosis was given. The majority of women did not use any contraception at the time of the first abortion. The use of misoprostol was the most reported method. Having HIV was very important in deciding to abort for half of the WLHA. Absence of marital life and the lack of desire to have children were the most reported reasons by both groups. Conclusions: the similarity in contexts and reasons to abort among WLHA and WNLHA suggests that they share experiences molded by gender and social inequalities that affect their ability to access sexual and reproductive health resources and services.

Resumo Objetivos: investigou-se a prevalência de aborto provocado alguma vez na vida e os contextos de vida e motivos referidos para realização do primeiro aborto entre mulheres vivendo (MVHA) e não vivendo com HIV/AIDS (MNVHA). Métodos: amostras representativas de 975 usuárias da rede especializada em HIV/AIDS e de 1.003 usuárias da rede de atenção básica no município de São Paulo foram selecionadas por amostragem estratificada por conglomerados e responderam um questionário eletrônico sócio-comportamental. Resultados: a prevalência de aborto provocado foi de 11,9% (IC95%9,8-13,9) entre MVHA e de 3,0% (IC95%2,4-5,7) para MNVHA. A maioria dos abortos (128) entre MVHA ocorreu antes do diagnóstico e 28 após o diagnóstico ou na gravidez que este foi dado. A maioria das mulheres não fazia contracepção à época do primeiro aborto. O uso de miso-prostol foi o método mais referido. Ter HIV foi muito importante na decisão de abortar para metade das MVHA. Ausência de vida conjugal e o não desejo de ter filhos foram os motivos mais referidos por ambos os grupos. Conclusões: a semelhança nos contextos e motivos para a realização de aborto entre MVHA e MNVHA sugere que elas compartilham experiências moldadas por desigualdades sociais e de gênero que afetam suas possibilidades de acesso a recursos e serviços de saúde sexual e reprodutiva.

Clinical and care profiles of children and adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease in the Brazilian Northeast region / Perfil clínico e assistencial de crianças e adolescentes com doença falciforme no Nordeste Brasileiro

Abstract Objectives: to describe the clinical epidemiological and care profiles of pediatric patients with sickle cell disease. Methods: a descriptive study of all (48) children and adolescents with sickle cell disease, assisted at a public referral hospital in Paraíba State. The information were obtained from the patients' medical records and interviews were analyzed by using the Epi-Info program 7.2 version, frequency tables were built for the categorical variables and the central measurements and dispersion tendencies were calculated for the variables related to age and hospitalizations. Results: the patients' age ranged from 15 months to 19 years old (median 8.6 years old); 91.7% considered their skin color mixed/black; 81.3% belong to D and E social class; 48% of the responsible guardians reported to have less than nine years of schooling; 70.9% lived in other cities; 93.8% received late diagnosis and 87.5% had irregular outpatient follow-up, 62,5% had an incomplete or outdated vaccination record. There were 226 hospitalizations; painful crises were the most common causes (55.7%). Each patient was hospitalized, about 5.2 times in the period; the median of total days for being hospitalized was 28. There were no deaths. Cardiac (56.2%) and hepatobiliary (54.3%) were the most common chronic compli-cations. Conclusions: sickle cell disease is a neglected clinical condition in the Brazilian Northeast region, where the appropriate political support for the patients is not fulfilled.

Resumo Objetivos: descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico e assistencial dos pacientes pediátricos com doença falciforme. Métodos: estudo descritivo da totalidade (48) de crianças e adolescentes portadores de doença falciforme, atendidos em hospital de referência da rede pública da Paraíba. As informações obtidas em prontuários e entrevistas foram analisadas no programa Epi-Info versão 2, foram construídas tabelas de frequência para as variáveis categóricas, e calculadas medidas de tendência central e de dispersão para variáveis referentes a idade e internações. Resultados: a idade variou de 15 meses a 19 anos(mediana 8,6 anos); pardos e negros (91,7%); 81,3% da classe social D-E; 48% dos responsáveis referiram menos de nove anos de estudo; 70,9% residiam fora da cidade de referência. Diagnóstico tardio em 93,8%; 87,5% com seguimento ambulatorial irregular e 62,5% com calendário vacinal incompleto/desatualizado. Ocorreram 226 internações; crises álgicas foram as causas mais comum (55,7%). Cada paciente foi internado, em média, 5,2 vezes no período; a mediana do total de dias de internações foi 28. Não houve óbitos. Complicações crônicas mais frequentes: cardíacas (56,2%) e hepatobiliares (54,3%). Conclusões: a doença falciforme é uma condição clínica negligenciada no Nordeste Brasileiro, onde não há adequado cumprimento da política de atenção destinada aos pacientes.

Tooth loss and associated factors in the elderly in Cruz Alta, Brazil: a cross-sectional study / Perda dentária e fatores associados em idosos em Cruz Alta, Brazil: um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate severe tooth loss and associated factors among the elderly. A homebased crosssectional study, using random probabilistic sampling, was conducted with elderly persons from Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Oral health was examined and a structured questionnaire was answered. Associations between severe tooth loss and independent variables were determined using Poisson regression with robust variance. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Overall, 287 elderly persons were included. Among the elderly, 86 (29.9%) were edentulous, and 282 (98.3%) had lost at least one tooth. In this sample, median tooth loss was 21 (mean±standard deviation: 19.69±8.21). The sample was dichotomized into two groups according to the definition of severe tooth loss: less than nine remaining teeth or ≥9 remaining teeth. The prevalence of severe tooth loss was 60.3% (n=173). Females were associated with higher prevalence ratio (PR) of severe tooth loss (PR; 95% CI: 1.77; 1.39 - 2.24). Higher level of education was associated with lower PR of severe tooth loss (PR; 95% CI: 0.48; 0.30 - 0.77). The lack of access to dental care was associated with severe tooth loss (PR; 95% CI: 1.38; 1.13 - 1.67). Conversely, frequency of toothbrushing was not significantly associated with severe tooth loss (PR; 95% CI: 0.88; 0.73 - 1.06). High prevalence of severe tooth loss among the elderly was observed and found to be associated with sex, level of education, and access to dental care.

RESUMO Esse estudo objetivou avaliar a perda dentária severa e seus fatores associadas em idosos. Um estudo transversal, de base populacional, usando uma amostra probabilística, foi condu zido com os idosos de Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Exames de saúde bucal e um questionário estruturado foram realizados. Associações entre perda dentária severa e as variáveis independentes foram feitas, utilizando regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. No total, 287 idosos foram incluídos. Entre os idosos, 86 (29,9%) eram edêntulos, e 282 (98,3%) apresen tavam pelo menos uma perda dentária. Nessa amostra, a mediana de perda dentária foi 21 (média ± desvio padrão: 19,69±8,21). A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos de acordo com a definição de perda dentária severa: menos de nove dentes remanescentes ou ≥9 dentes presentes. A prevalência de perda dentária severa foi de 60,3% (n=173). As mulheres estiveram associadas com maior razão de prevalência (RP) de terem perda dentária severa (RP; IC95%: 1,77; 1,39 - 2,24). Alto nível educacional esteve associados com menor RP de ter perda dentária severa (RP; IC95% 0,48; 0,30 -0,77). A falta de acesso ao dentista esteve associada com maiores taxas de perda de dentária severa (RP; IC95%: 1,38; 1,13 -1,67). Por outro lado, frequência de escovação não esteve significati vamente associada perda dentária severa (RP; IC95%: 0,88; 0,73 - 1,06). Alta prevalência de perda dentária severa foi detectada entre os idosos e ela foi associada com sexo, nível educacional, e acesso ao dentista.

Análisis del perfil de la enfermera coordinadora de procuramiento de órganos en Chile / Analysis of the profile of the nursing coordinator of organ procurement in Chile

Introducción: En Chile, los coordinadores de procuramiento son mayoritariamente enfermeras y la tasa de donación es muy baja respecto a su población. Objetivo: Analizar la coherencia entre el perfil del enfermero/a coordinador de procuramiento definido por el Ministerio de Salud y el observado en los coordinadores chilenos. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, muestreo no probabilístico, de enfermeras que se desempeñaban cómo Coordinadores de Procuramiento en servicios asistenciales públicos y privados de Chile. Las Variables estudiadas fueron de carácter sociodemográficas, de caracterización profesional, de capacitación, estructura de la unidad de procuramiento, y de requisitos del cargo de coordinador. Datos recolectados en el mes de octubre del año 2017, en el III Encuentro Nacional de Coordinadores de Procuramiento y Trasplantes, a través de un cuestionario estructurado, que permitió contrastar el perfil obtenido con el perfil definido por el Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL). Resultados: Los coordinadores de procuramiento, son en un 82,4% de sexo femenino, promedio de edad de 36+ 11 años. El 90,2% se desempeña en un Hospital Público. El 100% tiene título enfermera acreditada, un 30% entre 1 y 4 años de egresados, y un 37% menos de 5 años de experiencia laboral. Sin experiencia clínica en cuidados de alta complejidad, como unidades de Urgencia (82,3%) o cuidados intensivos (58,8%). El 66,5% consideró que la formación inicial, fue suficiente para asumir el cargo. Conclusiones: En los aspectos estudiados, el perfil profesional de los enfermeros coordinadores locales difiere del perfil definido por la autoridad de salud

Introduction: In Chile, organ procurement coordinators are mostly nurses and the donation rate is very low compared to their population. Objective: To analyze the coherence between the profile of the nurse organ procurement coordinator defined by the Ministry of Health and that observed in the Chilean coordinators. Material and Method: Descriptive, quantitative study, non-probabilistic sampling of nurses who worked as Organ Procurator Coordinators in public and private care services in Chile. The variables studied were sociodemographic, professional characterization, training, structure of the procurement unit, and requirements of the position of coordinator. Data collected in October 2017, at the III National Meeting of Organ Procurement and Transplant Coordinators, through a structured questionnaire, which allows to check the profile obtained with the one defined by the Ministry of Health (MINSAL). Results: Organ procurement coordinators are 82.4% female, with an average age of 36+11 years. 90.2% work in a Public Hospital. 100% have an accredited nursing degree, 30% between 1 and 4 years of graduates, and 37% less than 5 years of work experience. No clinical experience in highly complex care, such as emergency units (82.3%) or intensive care (58.8%). 66.5% considered that the initial training was sufficient to assume the position. Conclusions: In the studied aspects, the professional profile of the local coordinators nurses differs from the profile defined by the health authority

Avaliação de risco para pé diabético em idosos com diabetes mellitus / Risk assessment for diabetic foot in elderly with diabetes mellitus / Evaluación del riesgo de pie diabético en pacientes de edad avanzada con diabetes mellitus

Este é um estudo quantitativo, de abordagem epidemiológica, realizado com dados secundários, que objetivou avaliar as práticas de autocuidado e o grau de risco para o pé diabético em idosos com DM acompanhados em um Ambulatório de Pé Diabético de um município do interior de Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se a ficha de atendimento de idosos com DM, considerando o período de agosto de 2015 a agosto de 2016. Considerou-se 46 pessoas em atendimento no período, das quais, 54,3% eram homens; 52,2% morando com companheiro (a); com médias de: idade 68,2 anos (dp = 6,3) etempo de diagnóstico de DM de 16,76 anos (dp=8,04). Em uso de biguanidas (69,6%), com doenças do aparelho circulatório (89,1%), com destaque para hipertensão arterial. A falta de exame dos pés alcançou 47,8% e dos sintomas neuropáticos os mais importantes foram: queimação, dormência e formigamento (84,6%), assim como as deformidades comuns eram: calosidades (37%), ressecamento (34,8%) e unhas grossas (32,6%). O estudo mostra a necessidade de se melhorar o monitoramento dos idosos com DM, bem como, a ampliação de ações de educação em saúde que possam ser significativas direcionadas ao melhor autocuidado dos pés, com vista a evitar complicações e manter a qualidade de vida

Este es un estudio cuantitativo, de abordaje epidemiológico, realizado con datos secundarios, que objetivó evaluar las prácticas de autocuidado y el grado de riesgo para el pie diabético en ancianos con diabetes mellitus cuyo caso es seguido con un Ambulatorio de pie diabético de un municipio del interior de Minas Gerais. Se utilizó al formulario de atendimiento de ancianos con DM, considerando el período de agosto de 2015 a agosto 2016. Se consideraron 46 participantes. De ellos, 54.3% eran hombres; 52.2% vivían con pareja; la media de edad fue 68.2 años (de = 6.3), y tiempo de diagnóstico de 16.76 años (de=8.04). La mayoría de los participantes utilizaba biguanidas (69.6%), tenía enfermedades del sistema circulatorio (89.1%), especialmente la hipertensión arterial.47.8% no pasaron por exámenes en los pies y los síntomas neuropáticos más importantes fueron: quemazón, adormecimiento y hormigueo (84.6%), así como las deformidades comunes eran: callosidades (37%), resecamiento 934.8%) y uñas gruesas (32.6%). Este estudio muestra la necesidad de mejorar el monitoreo de ancianos con DM, así como ampliar las acciones de educación en salud que se pueda direccionar significativamente a la mejoría en el autocuidado de os pies, para evitar complicaciones y mantener la calidad de vida

This is a quantitative epidemiological study carried out with secondary data that aimed to evaluate the self-care practices and the degree of risk for diabetic foot in the elderly with DM accompanied in a Diabetic Foot Ambulatory of a municipality in the interior of Minas Gerais General. The data sheet for elderly people with DM was used, considering the period from August 2015 to August 2016. It was considered 46 people in care in the period, of which, 54.3% were men; 52.2% living with partner; With averages of: age 68.2 years (SD = 6.3) and DM diagnosis time of 16.76 years (SD = 8.04). In the use of biguanides (69.6%), with diseases of the circulatory system (89.1%), with prominence for arterial hypertension. The most important neuropathic symptoms were: burning, numbness and tingling (84.6%), and the common deformities were: callosities (37%), dryness (34.8% %) And thick nails (32.6%). The study shows the need to improve the monitoring of the elderly with DM, as well as the expansion of health education actions that may be significant towards better self-care of the feet, in order to avoid complications and maintain quality of life

[Multimorbidity and use of health services by individuals with restrictions on habitual activities: the Pró-Saúde Study]. / Multimorbidade e uso de serviços de saúde em indivíduos com restrição de atividades habituais: Estudo Pró-Saúde.

The study aimed to assess the use of health services and the association with different measures of multimorbidity. This was a cross-sectional study nested in the Pró-Saúde Study, a longitudinal study of municipal technical and administrative employees in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data were analyzed from phase 2 (2001-2002), and the study population consisted of 733 individuals who reported restrictions on habitual activities due to health problems in the 15 days prior to the data collection. The search for a health service (outcome variable) was used as the proxy for use of health services. Multimorbidity was assessed by simple count and the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, generating four exposure variables: number of self-reported diseases, multimorbidity (2 or more diseases), and total score and number of systems affected. The analyses stratified by sex used Poisson regression models with robust variance, adjusted by age and schooling. Women showed higher mean values than men for all the measures, with 51% classified as having multimorbidity. In men, multimorbidity increased by 43% (95%CI: 1.11-1.84) the probability of using health services, while there was no statistically significant association in women. For men, each additional disease increased the probability of use of a health service by 14% (95%CI: 1.05-1.24). There were evident differences in the use of health services and multimorbidity according to sex. Explaining these patterns becomes relevant for the provision of efficient, coordinated, and safe care for persons with multimorbidity.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o uso de serviços de saúde e sua associação com diferentes medidas de multimorbidade. Trata-se de um estudo transversal aninhado a uma investigação longitudinal de funcionários técnico-administrativos no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Estudo Pró-Saúde. Foram analisados dados coletados na fase 2 (2001-2002), sendo a população de estudo composta por 733 indivíduos que relataram restrição de atividades habituais por problemas de saúde nos 15 dias anteriores à coleta de dados. Busca por serviço de saúde (variável de desfecho) foi utilizada como proxy para uso de serviços de saúde. Multimorbidade foi avaliada por meio de contagem simples e de uma escala cumulativa (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale), gerando quatro variáveis de exposição: número de morbidades autorrelatadas, multimorbidade (2 ou mais morbidades), escore total e número de sistemas afetados. Nas análises estratificadas por sexo, foram utilizados modelos de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta ajustados por idade e escolaridade. Mulheres apresentaram em média valores mais altos para todas as medidas, e 51% foram classificadas com multimorbidade. Ter multimorbidade aumentou em 43% (IC95%: 1,11-1,84) a probabilidade de utilizar os serviços de saúde em homens, enquanto para as mulheres não houve associação estatisticamente significativa. Para os homens, a cada morbidade adicional, a probabilidade de utilizar serviço de saúde aumentou em 14% (IC95%: 1,05-1,24). Diferenças no uso de serviços de saúde e multimorbidade segundo sexo são evidentes. Conhecer tais padrões torna-se relevante para a prestação de um cuidado eficiente, coordenado e seguro para pessoas com multimorbidade.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el uso de servicios de salud y su asociación con diferentes medidas de multimorbilidad. Se trata de un estudio transversal, anidado en una investigación longitudinal de funcionarios técnico-administrativos, en el municipio de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Estudio Pro-Salud. Se analizaron los datos recogidos en la fase 2 (2001-2002), estando la población de estudio compuesta por 733 individuos que relataron restricción de actividades habituales por problemas de salud, durante los 15 días anteriores a la recogida de datos. Búsqueda de un servicio de salud (variable de desenlace) se utilizó como proxy para el uso de servicios de salud. La multimorbilidad se evaluó mediante cómputo simple y una escala acumulativa (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale), generando cuatro variables de exposición: número de morbilidades autoinformadas, multimorbilidad (2 o más morbilidades), puntuación total y número de sistemas afectados. En los análisis estratificados por sexo se utilizaron modelos de regresión de Poisson con variancia robusta ajustados por edad y escolaridad. Las mujeres presentaron de media valores más altos para todas las medidas, siendo que un 51% fueron clasificadas con multimorbilidad. Tener multimorbilidad aumentó en un 43% (IC95%: 1,11-1,84) la probabilidad de utilizar los servicios de salud en hombres, mientras que para las mujeres no hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa. Para los hombres, con cada morbilidad adicional, la probabilidad de utilizar un servicio de salud aumentó en un 14% (IC95%: 1,05-1,24). Las diferencias en el uso de servicios de salud y multimorbilidad según sexo son evidentes. Conocer estos patrones es relevante para la prestación de un cuidado eficiente, coordinado y seguro para personas con multimorbilidad.