Atividade antiinflamatória do extrato aquoso de Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verl. sobre o edema induzido por venenos de serpentes amazônicas / Anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verl. on the self-induced inflammatory process from venoms amazonians snakes

O estudo investigou o efeito antiinflamatório do extrato aquoso da Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verl., Bignoniaceae, popularmente conhecida como "crajiru", sobre o edema induzido por venenos de serpentes amazônicas dos gêneros Brothrops e Crotalus, em camundongos albinos, por via oral, intraperitoneal e subcutânea. O efeito anti-edematogênico foi avaliado pela medição do diâmetro dos coxins das patas posteriores, sendo medidos as 1, 3, 6, 12 e 24 horas, para B. atrox e 1, 3 e 6 horas para Crotalus durissus ruruima, e também avaliado por histopatologia. O estudo mostrou que o efeito inibitório do extrato aquoso para o gênero Bothrops, pelas vias subcutânea e intraperitoneal (12 horas) foi de 55,87 por cento e 65,70 por cento, respectivamente. Para o gênero Crotalus o efeito inibitório do extrato pela via subcutânea após 3 horas foi de 33,55 por cento e após 6 horas de 79,81 por cento. Pela via intraperitoneal após 3 horas foi de 48,02 por cento e após 6 horas de 92,52 por cento. Na análise histopatológica, o infiltrado de granulócitos e a miocitólise foram os efeitos inflamatórios inibidos mais significativamente. Os resultados sugerem a presença no extrato aquoso de A. chica de substâncias com atividade inibitória sobre os efeitos inflamatórios dos venenos das serpentes Bothrops atrox e Crotalus durissus ruruima.

The study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract (EAq), the Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verl., Bignoniaceae, known as the "crajiru", tested on the paw oedema induced in inflammatory process by venoms Amazon snakes from the Bothrops and Crotalus species, on albino mice. This process was done by an oral, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous way. The cushions thickness was measured at time breaks of 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours, Bothrops genus and 1, 3 and 6 hours, Crotalus genus, and a histopathologic analysis was made. The Bothrops genus, was used as an inhibitory effect for the subcutaneous and intraperitoneal way (12 hours), and it had an inhibition of 55.87 percent and 65.70 percent, respectively. For the Crotalus genus, the inhibitory effect for the subcutaneous way after 3 hours was the 33.55 percent and 79.81 percent, after 6 hours. The intraperitoneal way affect after 3 hours had an inhibition of 48.02 percent and 92.52 percent after 6 hours. For the histopathological analysis, the leucocytes infiltration and the miocitolisis were the most expressive parameters and thus inhibited. The results suggest the presence of active principles with anti-inflammatory effects.

Determination of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in the leaves and tea of Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bompl.) Verl.

Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bompl.) Verl. is an herb popularly used in the treatment of anemia in the Brazilian Amazon region, and little is known about its mineral content. Therefore, the elemental contents of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were determined in the dried leaves and tea obtained by decoction and infusion of the three varieties of the medicinal plant using flame atomic absorption spectrometry after acid wet digestion of the samples. In general, the levels of the minerals are in good agreement with other studies involving medicinal plants, and the variety AC2 had the highest concentrations of all elements both in dried leaves and tea. Iron was found to be the most abundant in dried leaves (38.4-115.5 µg g(-1)), whereas manganese had the highest extraction efficiencies both in decoction (56.1-62.7%) and infusion (45.6-63.6%). Additionally, the decoction was more efficient in the extraction of almost all elements. The consumption of the decoction of variety AC2 may contribute to a small proportion to the daily requirements of Mn.

Prevalência de triglicerídeos em pessoas de diversas faixas etárias da cidade de Manaus / Trigliceride s prevalence among people with different ages

Atualmente, as hiperlipidemias säo um dos principais fatores de risco para o infarto no miocárdio. Um dos objetivos básicos da pesquisa mundial sobre riscos cardiovasculares tem sido definiras médias de níveis lipídicos séricos e a prevalência de todos os tipos de hiperlipidemias na sociedade. O presente estudo, näo é um estudo randomizado. Tem por finalidade mostrar o comportamento dos triglicérides em 4359 pacientes examinados de janeiro a outubro de 1999. Os resultados indicam que o sexo feminino apresenta padräo de anormalidade a partir da faixa etáriaaa de 25 a 29 anos e no sexo masculino, a partir da de 20 a 24 anos de idade, o que vem sugerir, a necessidade de um controle mais efetivo, até que se determine o motivo desta alterabilidade. Os dados foram colhidos diretamente dos livros de registro de resultados do Laboratório de Bioquímica Clínica do Laboratório Central do Estado do Amazonas

Natural probes for cholinergic sites: L-bebeerine actions on the neuromuscular transmission, the nicotinic receptor/ionic channel complex, and contraction of skeletal muscles

The mechanisms underlying the muscle relaxant of 1-bebeerine (BB), a tertiary alkaloid isolated from the roots of Chondrodendron platyphyllum, were examined in mammalian and amphibian skeletal muscles. Injections of BB (0.05 - 1 g/kg,i.p.) in rats caused a dose-related flaccid paralysis and respiratory arrest at high doses. In isolated rat diaphragmand toad sartorius muscles, BB depressed the indirectly elicited muscles twitches (IC50:228 muM and 5.4 muM, respectively, at 22 degree) and blocked the nerve-elicited muscle action potential. The neuromuscular blockade was not reserved by neostigmine (10 muM). High concentrations of BB (170 and 340 muM) caused muscle contracture unrelated to the junctional blockade, and intensified by increasing the bath temperature. Analysis of the contraction properties showed that BB (40 and 80 muM)increaded the twitch/tetanus ratio (46 percent and 125 percent) and prolonged the relaxation time; the falling phase of the directly elicited action potential in toad sartorius muscle fibers was slower probably by a decreased potasium conductance. BB (0.1 - 340 muM) reduced the binding of [1251]alpha- -bungarotoxin to the junctional AACh receptor of the rat diaphragm (IC50:47.7 muM, at 37 degree. At low concentrations BB (1.5 - 15 muM) induced either opening or blockade of the Ach receptor-ionic channel. The results showed that BB blocked noncompetitively the neuromuscular transmission through a mechanism that affects the Ach recognition site and the ionic channel properties. The alkaloid also produced muscle contracture and changed the contractile properties through its extra-junctional action at the calcium handling by the sarcoplasmic reticulum or the contractile machinery. (AU)

Natural probes for cholinergic sites: L-bebeerine actions on the neuromuscular transmission, the nicotinic receptor/ionic channel complex, and contraction of skeletal muscles

The mechanisms underlying the muscle relaxant of 1-bebeerine (BB), a tertiary alkaloid isolated from the roots of Chondrodendron platyphyllum, were examined in mammalian and amphibian skeletal muscles. Injections of BB (0.05 - 1 g/kg,i.p.) in rats caused a dose-related flaccid paralysis and respiratory arrest at high doses. In isolated rat diaphragmand toad sartorius muscles, BB depressed the indirectly elicited muscles twitches (IC50:228 muM and 5.4 muM, respectively, at 22 degree) and blocked the nerve-elicited muscle action potential. The neuromuscular blockade was not reserved by neostigmine (10 muM). High concentrations of BB (170 and 340 muM) caused muscle contracture unrelated to the junctional blockade, and intensified by increasing the bath temperature. Analysis of the contraction properties showed that BB (40 and 80 muM)increaded the twitch/tetanus ratio (46 percent and 125 percent) and prolonged the relaxation time; the falling phase of the directly elicited action potential in toad sartorius muscle fibers was slower probably by a decreased potasium conductance. BB (0.1 - 340 muM) reduced the binding of [1251]alpha- -bungarotoxin to the junctional AACh receptor of the rat diaphragm (IC50:47.7 muM, at 37 degree. At low concentrations BB (1.5 - 15 muM) induced either opening or blockade of the Ach receptor-ionic channel. The results showed that BB blocked noncompetitively the neuromuscular transmission through a mechanism that affects the Ach recognition site and the ionic channel properties. The alkaloid also produced muscle contracture and changed the contractile properties through its extra-junctional action at the calcium handling by the sarcoplasmic reticulum or the contractile machinery.

Inquérito sobre fungos anemófilos na fronteira Brasil - Colômbia / Survey about anemophilus fungi in brazilian colombian border

Foi realizado um inquérito, sobre fungos anemófilos, em três vilarejos situados na fronteira Brasil-Colômbia, zona muito quente e úmida, durante o mês de julho de 1978. Em apenas uma coleta feita, em diferentes pontos, foram cultivadas colônias pertencentes a dezoito gêneros diferentes de fungos anemófilos, com predominância de Mucor (64,3%. Cândida (54,8%), Rhodotorula (38,1% e Penicillium (38,1%)