Prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e fatores associados: um estudo de base populacional em mulheres no Sul do Brasil / Prevalence of systemic hypertension and associated factors: a population-based study among women in the South of Brazil

Foi realizado um estudo transversal entre a população de mulheres de 20 a 60 anos residente na cidade de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial e fatores associados. A amostragem foi por conglomerados, e o desfecho foi definido pela presença de níveis tensionais iguais ou maiores que 140x90mmHg e/ou com medidas tensionais abaixo destes níveis, mas com uso de medicação anti-hipertensiva. Entre as 1.020 pessoas entrevistadas, 267 (26,2 por cento; IC95 por cento: 23,5-28,9) apresentavam hipertensão arterial. Na regressão de Poisson encontrou-se associação estatisticamente significativa para idade, cor da pele, estado civil, história familiar, escolaridade e estado nutricional. As maiores frações atribuíveis foram entre as mulheres com até quatro anos de escolaridade (18,38 por cento); entre as obesas (33,86 por cento) e mulheres com sobrepeso (22,55 por cento). Os resultados foram comparados com outros estudos de prevalência realizados no estado e mostraram a importância da necessidade de articulação inter-setorial, revelando a contribuição possível de ser obtida mediante a elevação dos anos de escolaridade e salientaram a relevância das medidas de diminuição de peso na população.

A cross-sectional study was carried out among women 20 to 60 years of age living in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, to determine the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors. Census tract sampling was used, and the outcome was defined by the presence of arterial pressure ³ 140/90mmHg and/or use of anti-hypertensive drugs. Among 1,020 interviewed people, 267 (26.2 percent; 95 percentCI: 23.5-28.9) presented hypertension. Poisson regression showed a statistically significant association with age, skin color, marital status, family history, educational background, and nutritional status. The highest attributable fractions were observed among women with schooling £ 4 years (18.38 percent); obese women (33.86 percent); and overweight women (22.55 percent). The results were compared to other hypertension prevalence studies in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, and the results showed the need for inter-sector efforts, highlighting the possible contribution of increasing people's level of schooling. The study also showed the relevance of weight loss measures in the adult population.

[Prevalence of systemic hypertension and associated factors: a population-based study among women in the South of Brazil]. / Prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e fatores associados: um estudo de base populacional em mulheres no Sul do Brasil.

A cross-sectional study was carried out among women 20 to 60 years of age living in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, to determine the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors. Census tract sampling was used, and the outcome was defined by the presence of arterial pressure >or= 140/90mmHg and/or use of anti-hypertensive drugs. Among 1,020 interviewed people, 267 (26.2%; 95%CI: 23.5-28.9) presented hypertension. Poisson regression showed a statistically significant association with age, skin color, marital status, family history, educational background, and nutritional status. The highest attributable fractions were observed among women with schooling

Desigualdades na realização do exame clínico de mama em São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Inequalities in clinical breast examination in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional com o objetivo de estabelecer o nível de cobertura de exame clínico de mamas entre as mulheres de 20 a 60 anos residentes em São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e descrever as características associadas à sua não-realização. O desfecho foi definido como realização de exame clínico de mamas por médico no ano que antecedeu a entrevista. Foram utilizados dois modelos de análise multivariada. Entre as 1.026 mulheres incluídas na amostra, 556 (54,2 por cento; IC95 por cento: 51,1-57,2) foram submetidas ao exame clínico de mamas. A análise multivariada incluindo todas as mulheres demonstrou que somente a variável classe econômica estava associada com a não-realização de exame médico de mama. No outro modelo constatou-se associação entre classe econômica e cor da pele. Assim, classe econômica influenciou a realização de exames de mama nos modelos. Entretanto, no modelo restrito àquelas mulheres que haviam se consultado no ano, cor da pele foi determinante para a realização do exame, ou seja, superadas as diferenças de acesso, as mulheres brancas terão maior probabilidade de serem examinadas.

This cross-sectional population-based survey focused on the coverage of clinical breast examination (CBE) in women 20 to 60 years of age in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and described the factors associated with lack of CBE. The outcome was defined as having received a CBE by a physician during the year prior to the interview. Two different multivariate models were analyzed. Among the 1,026 women included in the sample, 556 (54.2 percent; 95 percentCI: 51.1-57.2) had received CBEs. Multivariate analysis including the entire sample of women showed that low socioeconomic status (SES) was the only variable associated with not having a CBE. In the other multivariate model (only women who had consulted physicians in the previous year, with or without CBE), a statistically significant effect was found for both SES and skin color. Thus, low SES was significantly associated with lack of CBE in both models. However, in the model limited to women with physician consultations in the previous year, skin color was the main factor for receiving CBE, suggesting that once differences in initial access to the health service were overcome, white women had a higher probability of receiving a clinical breast examination as part of their consultation.

[Inequalities in clinical breast examination in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil]. / Desigualdades na realização do exame clínico de mama em São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

This cross-sectional population-based survey focused on the coverage of clinical breast examination (CBE) in women 20 to 60 years of age in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and described the factors associated with lack of CBE. The outcome was defined as having received a CBE by a physician during the year prior to the interview. Two different multivariate models were analyzed. Among the 1,026 women included in the sample, 556 (54.2%; 95%CI: 51.1-57.2) had received CBEs. Multivariate analysis including the entire sample of women showed that low socioeconomic status (SES) was the only variable associated with not having a CBE. In the other multivariate model (only women who had consulted physicians in the previous year, with or without CBE), a statistically significant effect was found for both SES and skin color. Thus, low SES was significantly associated with lack of CBE in both models. However, in the model limited to women with physician consultations in the previous year, skin color was the main factor for receiving CBE, suggesting that once differences in initial access to the health service were overcome, white women had a higher probability of receiving a clinical breast examination as part of their consultation.