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1.
Rev. homeopatia (Säo Paulo) ; 80(1/2,supl): 27-51, 2017.
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: biblio-973264

RESUMEN

INTRODUÇÃO: O modelo homeopático de tratamento utiliza o ‘princípio dos semelhantes’ como método terapêutico, administrando medicamentos que causam determinados sintomas em indivíduos sadios para tratar sintomas semelhantes em indivíduos doentes (similia similibus curantur), com o intuito de despertar uma reação secundária e curativa do organismo contra os seus próprios distúrbios. Essa reação secundária (vital, homeostática ou paradoxal) do organismo está embasada no ‘efeito rebote’ dos fármacos modernos, evento adverso observado após a descontinuação de diversas classes de drogas que utilizam o ‘princípio dos contrários’ (contraria contrariis curantur) como método terapêutico...


INTRODUCTION: Homeopathy employs the so-called ‘principle of similars’as therapeutic method, which consists in administering medicines thatcause certain symptoms in healthy individuals to treat similar symptomsin sick individuals (similia similibus curantur) to arouse a secondaryand healing reaction by the body against its own disorders. Thissecondary (vital, homeostatic or paradoxical) reaction of the body isbased on the ‘rebound effect’ of modern drugs, a type of adverseevent that occurs following discontinuation of several classes of drugsprescribed according to the ‘principle of contraries’ (contraria contrariiscurantur)....


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Homeopatía , Farmacocinética del Medicamento Homeopático , Efecto Rebote , Ley de la Similitud , Farmacología
3.
Rev. homeopatia (Säo Paulo) ; 80(3/4): 16-35, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-973268

RESUMEN

Background: Used as complementary to, alternating or integrated with mainstream medicine, the population’s demand for non-conventional therapies has substantially increased in the past decades, requiring from doctors knowledge on the basic notions of such therapeutics to orient their patients regarding treatments different to the ones they usually prescribe. Among them, homeopathy and acupuncture are considered medical specialties in Brazil for various decades. Aim: To describe the current state of medical education in non-conventional therapies (homeopathy and acupuncture) around the world. Methods: We updated data resulting from studies and reviews published until 2013 through a review of more recent studies included in database PubMed. Results: In all countries the teaching of non-conventional therapies is considered a relevant topic for the training of doctors as a function of the increasing interest of the population in their use, with a broad range of approaches targeting undergraduate and graduate students, medical residents and doctors from other medical specialties. Conclusions: The Brazilian medical schools must provide undergraduate and graduate students and medical residents accurate knowledge on the theoretical assumptions and clinical-therapeutic approaches proper to homeopathy and acupuncture, among other non-conventional therapies.


Asunto(s)
Terapias Complementarias , Educación Médica/tendencias , Acupuntura , Homeopatía
4.
Rev. homeopatia (Säo Paulo) ; 80(3/4): 36-81, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-973269

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Homeopathy employs the so-called ‘principle of similars’ as therapeutic method - which consists in administering medicines that cause certain symptoms in healthy individuals to treat similar symptoms in sick individuals (similia similibus curantur) - to induce a secondary and healing reaction by the body against its own disorders. This secondary (vital, homeostatic or paradoxical) reaction of the body is based on the ‘rebound effect’ of modern drugs, a type of adverse event that occurs following discontinuation of several classes of drugs prescribed according to the ‘principle of contraries’ (contraria contrariis curantur). AIM: The present review sought to scientifically substantiate the homeopathic healing principle vis-à-vis experimental and clinical pharmacology through a systematic study of the rebound effect of modern drugs or paradoxical reaction of the body. METHODS: Employing as reference studies and revisions on the subject published since 1998, we updated the data adding recent studies included in database PubMed. RESULTS: The rebound effect occurs after discontinuation of several classes of drugs with action contrary to the symptoms of diseases, exacerbating them to levels above the ones before treatment. [...]. Following the homeopathic premises, modern drugs might also be used according to the principle oftherapeutic similitude, thus employing the rebound effect (paradoxical reaction) with curative intent. CONCLUSIONS: Evidenced by hundreds of studies that attest to the similarityof concepts and manifestations, the rebound effect of modern drugs scientifically substantiates the principle of homeopathic cure. Although the rebound phenomenon is anadverse event studied by modern pharmacology, it is not known by health care professionals, thus depriving doctors of knowledge indispensable for safe management of drugs.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Homeopatía , Farmacocinética del Medicamento Homeopático , Efecto Rebote , Ley de la Similitud , Farmacología
5.
Rev. homeopatia (Säo Paulo) ; 80(3/4): 82-89, 2017. tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-973270

RESUMEN

Fundamental research in homeopathy has much advanced in the past 20 years. From exploratory studies with animals and plants to the characterization of the systemic effects of homeopathic medicines and in vitro studies with isolated cell systems to assess changes in the mechanisms of cell adaptation and intracellular signaling facing variable homeopathic treatments. The amount of articles published over time enabled several systematic reviews. Recently, demonstration that homeopathic medicines might modify cell functions through epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation and demethylation) paved the road for a fully new field of research. In parallel, the discovery of nanoparticles and specific physical properties of homeopathic dilutions brought light to a previously poorly known field, as it was believed that homeopathic dilutions consist in nothing but water. Thus being, challenges for the future concern the demonstration, or not, of the interrelationship between both phenomena.


Asunto(s)
Homeopatía , Nanopartículas , Estudios de Intervención , Fundamentos de la Homeopatía , Represión Epigenética , Investigación Básica
6.
Rev. homeopatia (Säo Paulo) ; 80(3/4): 90-103, 2017. tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-973271

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: the effects of homeopathic high dilutions (HDs) are controversial because they exceed Avogadro’s number. AIM: to perform a literature review on the effects of HDs on in vitro models. METHODS: a systematic search was performed in database PubMed for studies assessing simple HDs on in vitro models published from 2007 onward. RESULTS: 28 publications met the inclusion/exclusion criteria; 26 studies demonstrated patent effects of simple HDs on in vitro models; most such studies were conducted in countries where homeopathy attained a high level of institutionalization. CONCLUSIONS: in vitro models patently evidence biological activity of HDs aboveAvogadro’s number and account for effects found in clinical practice. Most studies were conducted in countries where homeopathy is officially recognized, which facilitates access to resources for the development of research.


Asunto(s)
Homeopatía , Altas Potencias , Técnicas In Vitro
7.
Rev. homeopatia (Säo Paulo) ; 80(3/4): 104-120, 2017. tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-973272

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Among the non-conventional assumptions of homeopathy, the use of medicines in high dilutions (HD) is a cause for objections and skepticism among the scientific community, trained within the dose-dependency paradigm of classic pharmacology. Research aiming at evidencing the effects of homeopathic HD has resource to several experimental models (in vitro, plants and animals). AIM: To describe the results of studies with high methodological quality that demonstrated positiveeffects of homeopathic HD on plants. METHODS: Taking reviews published until 2015 as reference source, we updated the information through addition of data from recent studies included in database PubMed. RESULTS: From 167 experimental studies analyzed, 48 met the minimum criteria of methodological quality, from which 29 detected specific effects of homeopathic high dilutions on plants through comparison to adequate controls. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the substandard methodological quality ofmost experiments, studies with systematic use of negative controls and reproducibility demonstrated significant indisputable effects of homeopathic HD on plants.


Asunto(s)
Homeopatía , Plantas , Agricultura , Altas Potencias , Patología de Plantas , Metodología como un Tema
8.
Rev. homeopatia (Säo Paulo) ; 80(3/4): 1-15, 2017. tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-973273

RESUMEN

Homeopathy is a medical approach with 200 years of history. Along this time itdemonstrated its ability to solve problems, with low cost, broad scope andunquestionable social acceptance. According to estimates, approximately 500 millionpeople use homeopathy worldwide, corresponding to about 7% of the worldpopulation. However, there are still hindrances to its integration into conventionalmedicine which need to be put into perspective and removed. The aim of the presentarticle is to contextualize homeopathy as a science and an art in Brazil and worldwide.We analyzed some relevant aspects, such as the profile of users, their reasons tochoose homeopathy, and historical and social contexts for the inclusion of homeopathyinto health care and educational systems. We conclude that homeopathy is an ethicalmedical system that provides systemic and safe treatment to patients with optimal cost benefitratio. Homeopathy should be included in universities, schools of medicine andat all levels of the healthcare system, thus ensuring its historical nature as a medical specialty.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Terapéutica Homeopática , Atención a la Salud , Historia de la Homeopatía , Brasil
9.
Rev. homeopatia (Säo Paulo) ; 80(3/4): 121-133, 2017. tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-973274

RESUMEN

BACHGROUND: Systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials (RCT) are considered tohave the highest level of evidence. AIM: To perform a descriptive review of systematic reviews and RCT on the effectiveness and efficacy of homeopathy. METHODS: Data from the report published by Liga Medicorum Homeopathica Internationalis (LMHI) in 2014were updated by means on a search conducted in database PubMed. RESULTS: 7systematic reviews with meta-analysis were located, 6 of them concluded that the effects of homeopathy are not compatible with placebo effect; only 1 systematic reviewarrived to the opposite conclusion, but was severely criticized due to methodological flaws. A total of 19 RCT were published along the analyzed period; 84.2% had at leastone positive outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the available evidences of the highest level it is not possible to assert that the effects of homeopathic are exclusively placebo effect. On the opposite, specific effects were detected in several studies.


Asunto(s)
Homeopatía , Efecto Placebo , Efectividad , Eficacia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Evaluación de Eficacia-Efectividad de Intervenciones
10.
Rev. homeopatia (Säo Paulo) ; 80(3/4): 134-135, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-973275

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of potentized estrogen compared to placebo in homeopathic treatment of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain (EAPP). Study design: The present was a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial that included 50 women aged 18-45 years old with diagnosis of deeply infiltrating endometriosis based on magnetic resonance imaging or transvaginal ultrasound after bowel preparation, and score ≥ 5 on a visual analogue scale (VAS: range 0 to 10 points) for endometriosis-associated pelvic pain. Potentized estrogen (12cH, 18cH and 24cH) or placebo was administered twice daily per oral route. The primary outcome measure was change in the severity of EAPP global and partial scores (VAS) from baseline to week 24, determined as the difference in the mean score of five modalities of chronic pelvic pain (dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia, non-cyclic pelvic pain, cyclic bowel pain and/or cyclic urinary pain). The secondary outcome measures were mean score difference for quality of life assessed with SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire, depression symptoms on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and anxiety symptoms on Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). RESULTS: The EAPP global score (VAS: range 0 to 50 points) decreased by 12.82 (p< 0.001) in the group treated with potentized estrogen from baseline to week 24. Group that used potentized estrogen also exhibited partial score (VAS: range 0 to 10 points) reduction in three EAPP modalities: dysmenorrhea (3.28; p< 0.001), non-cyclic pelvic pain (2.71; p= 0.009), and cyclic bowel pain (3.40; p< 0.001). Placebo group did not show any significant changes in EAPP global or partial scores. [...] CONCLUSIONS: Potentized estrogen (12cH, 18cH and 24cH) at a dose of 3 drops twice daily for 24 weeks was significantly more effective than placebo for reducing endometriosis-associated pelvic pain. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02427386.


Asunto(s)
Femenino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Homeopatía , Medicamento Homeopático , Efecto Rebote , Endometriosis , Estrógenos/uso terapéutico , Dolor Pélvico/terapia
11.
Rev. homeopatia (Säo Paulo) ; 80(3/4): 136-141, 2017. ilus, tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-973276

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The efficacy and safety of homeopathic treatment was investigated onchildren with recurrent tonsillitis justifying surgery. METHODS: Prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial that included 40 children between ages of 3 to 7 years old;20 children were treated with homeopathic medication and 20 children with placebo. Follow up was 4 months per child. Assessment of results was clinical by means of astandard questionnaire and clinical examination on the first and last day of treatment. Recurrent tonsillitis was defined as 5 to 7 episodes of bacterial acute tonsillitis per year. RESULTS: From the group of 18 children who completed homeopathic treatment, 14 did not present any episode of acute bacterial tonsillitis; from the group of 15 children who received placebo 5 patients did not present tonsillitis; this difference was statistically significant (p= 0,015). None of the patient exhibited side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Homeopathic treatment was effective in children with recurrent tonsillitis compared toplacebo, 14 children (78%) were no longer indicated surgery. Homeopathic treatment was not associated with adverse events.


Asunto(s)
Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Preescolar , Niño , Homeopatía , Tonsilitis/terapia , Lycopodium clavatum/uso terapéutico , Pulsatilla nigricans/uso terapéutico , Lachesis muta/uso terapéutico , Atropa belladonna , Strychnos nux-vomica/uso terapéutico , Fósforo/uso terapéutico
12.
Rev. homeopatia (Säo Paulo) ; 80(3/4): 142-150, 2017. tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-973277

RESUMEN

Critical appraisal of the safety of homeopathic medicines developed recently. This matter is relevant for decision making by doctors, patients and drug regulatory agencies. Despite the apparent implausibility of the action of homeopathic medicines due to the pharmacotechnical processes of dilution and agitation used for their preparation, there are reports in the conventional medical literature on the toxicity of homeopathic medicines, including apparently life-threatening events. Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials show that homeopathic medicines cause more adverse effects than placebo, albeit mild and transient. Establishing an online monitoring system for collection of data on the adverse effects of homeopathic, herbal or conventional medicines is relevant for non-biased assessment of the information gathered from consumers and health care providers.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Homeopatía , Agravación en Homeopatía , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos , Seguridad del Paciente
13.
Rev. homeopatia (Säo Paulo) ; 80(3/4): 151-171, 2017. tab, ilus
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-973278

RESUMEN

Homeopathic pathogenetic trials (HPT) are designed to identify specific and characteristic symptoms in apparently health individuals exposed to homeopathic medicines, so that the latter might be indicated following comparison to the patient’s symptoms. The original methodological guidelines for HPTs were established by Hahnemann, who advocated rigorous methods likely to lead to conclusions free from any conjecture. With the advances in scientific methods, new guidelines were formulated to improve the methodological quality of HPT. Relevant scientific contributions were made by Brazilian researchers in this field, resulting in original studies or innovations in methods. The validity and reliability of the clinical information acquired from HPT are fundamental for the success of homeopathic clinical practice.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Homeopatía , Síntomas Patogenéticos , Materia Medica , Patogénesis Homeopática , Experimentación de Medicamentos
14.
Rev. homeopatia (Säo Paulo) ; 80(1/2,supl): 151-171, 2017. tab, ilus
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: biblio-973265

RESUMEN

Os ensaios patogenéticos homeopáticos buscam descobrir sintomas específicos e característicos que se manifestam em indivíduos aparentemente sadios, expostos a medicamentos homeopáticos, para que possam ser utilizados na comparação com os sintomas dos pacientes. Ao definir as diretrizes metodológicas para sua realização, Hahnemann deixou claro que deveriam ser o produto de estudos rigorosos para evitar qualquer conjectura em seus resultados. Com o avanço nos métodos científicos, também têm sido propostas novas diretrizes para sua realização, que são incorporadas aos estudos atuais. Autores brasileiros têm oferecido valiosas contribuições científicas para o desenvolvimento dos ensaios patogenéticos homeopáticos, com realização de estudos originais ou inovações na área metodológica. A validade e a confiabilidade das informações produzidas a partir de ensaios patogenéticos homeopáticos são fundamentais para o êxito da prática clínica em homeopatia.


Homeopathic pathogenetic trials (HPTs) are designed to identify specificand characteristic symptoms in apparently health individuals, afterhaving been exposed to homeopathic medicines, so that the lattermight be indicated following comparison to the patient’s symptoms.The original methodological guidelines for HPTs were defined byHahnemann, who advocated rigorous methods likely to lead to conclusionsfree from any conjecture. With the advances in scientific methods,new guidelines were also proposed to improve the methodologicalquality of HPTs. Relevant scientific contributions were made byBrazilian researchers to develop this field, resulting in the publicationof original studies or innovations on its methods. The validity and reliabilityof the clinical information acquired from HPTs are fundamentalfor the success of homeopathic clinical practice.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Homeopatía , Materia Medica , Patogénesis Homeopática , Síntomas Patogenéticos , Experimentación de Medicamentos
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