Application of the MISSCARE scale in an Oncology Service: a contribution to patient safety.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of and reasons for missed nursing care in oncology units. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted at inpatient oncology units at a private hospital. Eighty-three professionals from the nursing team took part. The MISSCARE instrument and a sociodemographic questionnaire were administered. Simple descriptive statistics were used for analyses. Pearson's chi-square test was used to detect associations between variables. RESULTS: The care tasks missed most frequently were assisting with toileting needs within 5 minutes of a request (57.8%), ambulation 3 times per day or as ordered (44.6%), and turning patients every 2 hours (36.1%). The main reasons for missed care were related to communication: tension or communication breakdowns within the nursing team, and the caregiver responsible off unit or unavailable (both 66.2%). CONCLUSIONS: there is a need to develop nursing interventions that neutralize and/or reduce the negative results of this missed care in order to improve the quality of care provided to cancer patients.

Deaths from sepsis: underlying causes of death after investigation in 60 Brazilian municipalities in 2017. / Mortes por sepse: causas básicas do óbito após investigação em 60 municípios do Brasil em 2017.

INTRODUCTION: Sepsis represents the occurrence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome triggered by the initial infection of an organ or system. When sepsis is certified as the cause of death, the first diagnosis is lost, leading to inaccurate information as to its origin. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the underlying causes of death from sepsis after investigation in 60 Brazilian municipalities in 2017. METHODOLOGY: All deaths recorded in the Mortality Information System (SIM) as sepsis in 2017 were selected, and the proportions of reclassified deaths were calculated based on the results of research conducted in hospitals and other health services. RESULTS: Of the 6,486 deaths from sepsis that occurred in the 60 municipalities, 1,584 (24.4%) were investigated, and of these, 1,308 (82.6%) were reclassified with other underlying causes. Individuals aged from 70 to 89 years old showed the highest concentration in the records, with 49.3% of cases. More than 60% of the deaths from sepsis reclassified after the investigation had chronic non-communicable diseases as underlying causes (65.6%), with diabetes being the most common specific cause in this group. Communicable diseases (9.6%) and external causes (5.6%) such as falls were also detected as underlying causes. CONCLUSION: The investigation of deaths from sepsis made it possible to identify the true causes of death and the proportions of reclassification. This information will improve the quality of mortality data and support the planning of public health actions in Brazil.

INTRODUÇÃO: A sepse representa a ocorrência de síndrome de resposta inflamatória sistêmica desencadeada por infecção inicial de um órgão ou sistema. Quando a sepse é atestada como causa do óbito, perde-se o primo diagnóstico, condicionando perda de informação quanto à sua origem. OBJETIVO: Analisar as causas básicas após investigação de óbitos por sepse em 60 municípios do Brasil em 2017. METODOLOGIA: Foram selecionados todos os óbitos registrados em 2017 no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade como sepse, e analisadas as proporções dos óbitos reclassificados após investigação em hospitais e outros serviços de saúde. RESULTADOS: Entre os 6.486 óbitos por sepse ocorridos nos 60 municípios foram investigados 1.584 (24,4%) e, destes, 1.308 (82,6%) foram reclassificados com outras causas básicas. A faixa etária de 70 a 89 anos obteve a maior concentração de registros, com 49,3% dos casos. Mais de 60% dos óbitos por sepse reclassificados após investigação tiveram doenças crônicas não transmissíveis como causa básica (65,6%), sendo a diabetes a causa específica mais comum neste grupamento. Doenças transmissíveis (9,6%) e causas externas (5,6%) como quedas foram também detectadas como causas básicas. CONCLUSÃO: A partir das investigações dos óbitos por sepses foi possível conhecer a verdadeira causa de morte e as proporções de reclassificação. Essas informações contribuirão para melhorar a qualidade dos dados de mortalidade e para subsidiar o planejamento de ações em saúde pública no Brasil.

Profile of deaths from unspecified stroke after investigation of garbage codes in 60 cities in Brazil, 2017. / Perfil dos óbitos por acidente vascular cerebral não especificado após investigação de códigos garbage em 60 cidades do Brasil, 2017.

INTRODUCTION: Unspecified stroke (UnST) is of great importance in mortality statistics, as it is the fourth leading cause of death in Brazil. The objective of this study was to identify the profile of reclassified causes of death after investigation of deaths caused by UnST in Brazil. METHODS: All deaths registered as UnST in 2017 in the Mortality Information System (SIM) were considered as garbage codes. The specific causes, detected after investigation in 60 selected cities, were analyzed by age and sex. RESULTS: Of the total deaths due to UnST identified in these 60 cities (n = 11,289), 25.8% were investigated. Of these, 56.3% were reclassified to ischemic stroke, 12.7% to hemorrhagic stroke, and 23.3% to other specific causes, such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease, in both sexes. DISCUSSION: The higher proportion of deaths due to ischemic stroke in comparison to hemorrhagic stroke was expected. However, the detection of other specific causes outside the stroke group indicates possible quality problems in the filling of death certificate (DC). CONCLUSION: The investigations allowed the identification of subgroups of deaths due to stroke. In addition to the research, however, it is important to conduct physician training in the adequate filling in of the DC, in order to improve estimates of specific stroke mortality, and to enable appropriate targeting of health actions and services.

INTRODUÇÃO: O acidente vascular cerebral não especificado (AVC-NE) é de grande relevância nas estatísticas de mortalidade, sendo a quarta maior causa de morte no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o perfil de causas reclassificadas após investigação de óbitos por AVC-NE no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados todos os óbitos registrados em 2017 no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) como AVC-NE, considerados códigos garbage. As causas específicas, detectadas após investigação em 60 cidades selecionadas, foram analisadas segundo idade e sexo. RESULTADOS: Do total de óbitos por AVC-NE das 60 cidades (n = 11.289), foram investigados 25,8%, dos quais 56,3% foram reclassificados para AVC isquêmico, 12,7% para AVC hemorrágico, e 23,3% migraram para outras causas específicas, como diabetes e doença renal crônica, em ambos os sexos. DISCUSSÃO: A maior proporção de reclassificação dos óbitos por AVC-NE para AVC isquêmico em relação ao hemorrágico era esperada. No entanto, a detecção de outras causas específicas fora do grupo de AVC indica possíveis problemas de qualidade do preenchimento das causas na declaração de óbito (DO). CONCLUSÃO: As investigações realizadas permitiram identificação de subgrupos de AVC. Além da investigação, entretanto, é importante realizar capacitação com médicos para o preenchimento adequado da DO, a fim de melhorar as estimativas da mortalidade por AVC específico e possibilitar direcionamento adequado das ações e dos serviços de saúde.

Electronic and manual registration of Manchester System: reliability, accuracy, and time evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the degree of reliability, accuracy and timing to perform the Manchester Triage System in electronic and manual records. METHOD: exploratory-descriptive research. Case series corresponded to a total of 20 validated simulated clinical cases applied to a sample of 10 nurses. For data collection each participant received 4 clinical cases in 2 different phases of the study, using manual and electronic registration. The variables related to the triage were: incomplete data filling, discriminator, flowchart, priority level, vital signs and triage timing. RESULTS: moderate reliability for choosing flowcharts and substantial reliability for determining discriminators in both records; substantial and moderate, for priority, respectively, in manual and electronic registration. For vital signs, it was weak in manual recording and substantial in electronic. Accuracy showed a statistically significant difference related to vital signs. The average timing on triage was shorter with the use of electronic registration. CONCLUSION: the use of electronic registration has advantages regarding reliability, accuracy and timing to perform the triage, pointing to the importance of adopting technologies in the management and care work process in health services.

Influence of the Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Program on health services access and use in Northeast Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Program on the performance of primary health care by quantifying health services access and use in Northeast Brazil, based on the population size of the municipalities, on the financial investment in health, and on the number of physicians in the family health teams. METHOD: Evaluative research of quantitative nature. Access was evaluated by the population coverage ratio of the Family Health Strategy and use of health services, which were measured by medical appointments conducted between April 2013 and September 2015. We defined processes for database selection, adjustment, and validation, including explanatory variables for a sample of 896 municipalities. The analysis was based on the time periods before and after the implementation of the program. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and non-parametric alternatives constituted statistical tests in the comparative analysis of the data. RESULTS: A 19.2% increase was observed in the number of medical appointments between the first six months and the final six months of the data series. In this period, the median appointments in municipalities with up to 5,000 inhabitants increased from 701.0 to 768.0; while in those with more than 100,000 inhabitants it decreased from 285.5 to 280.0 (p < 0.05). Between April 2013 and September 2015, the median coverage ratio of the family health teams increased from 89.2% to 95.3%, approaching 100% in the municipalities with up to 20,000 inhabitants. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the expansion of access and use of primary health care services in the northeast region after the implementation of the Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Program. Between April 2013 and September 2015, the coverage of family health teams and the production of medical appointments increased, constituting important achievements for SUS.

The labor market in gerontological nursing in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the development of the labor market in Gerontological Nursing in Brazil, between 1970 and 1996. METHOD: a descriptive-qualitative study with a historical approach that uses the oral history of 14 research nurses working in the historical period, based on the ideas of Eliot Freidson. RESULTS: Nursing overcame barriers to change the care practices to elderly people in the period described, considering the lack of a specific labor market; the need for theoretical knowledge for Gerontology care; the scarcity of research and researchers in the field; the emergence of caregivers for elderly people; the construction of multidisciplinarity and the transformation of institutions for a long-term stay. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the expansion of the labor market at the time was grounded on advances on the production of knowledge of the aging process, supported by the demographic transition, that determined the increase in the demand by elderly people for health services and the enactment of specific laws protecting this population.

Minimum Five-year Outcomes and Clinical Survivorship for Arthroscopic Transosseous-equivalent Double-row Rotator Cuff Repair.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the widespread use of arthroscopic double-row transosseous-equivalent (TOE) rotator cuff repair (RCR) techniques, midterm outcome data are limited. The purpose of this article was to assess midterm clinical outcomes of patients following arthroscopic TOE RCR using either a knotless tape bridge (TB) repair or knotted suture bridge (SB) repair technique. We hypothesized that there would be significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes with TOE RCR that would be durable over time. We also hypothesized that the knotless TB technique would yield equivalent clinical results to the knotted SB technique, but that there would be differences in retear types between the two TOE techniques. METHODS: Patients included were a minimum of 5 years from an index arthroscopic double-row TOE repair using either a knotless TB or knotted SB technique for one, two, or three tendon full-thickness rotator cuff tears involving the supraspinatus tendon. Preoperative and postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, Short-Form 12 Physical Component Summary, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, and satisfaction scores were collected. Scores were also stratified and compared based on primary and revision repair, tear location, and tear chronicity. Outcomes between techniques were contrasted, and survivorship analysis was conducted, with failure defined as progression to revision surgery. RESULTS: One-hundred ninety-two shoulders were included with a mean follow-up of 6.6 years (range, 5.0 to 11.0 years). Fifteen shoulders (7.8%) underwent revision cuff repair. All scores improved significantly for TB repair (P < 0.001). For SB repair, all scores improved, but only American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and Short-Form 12 Physical Component Summary scores (P < 0.05) demonstrated statistical significance. No statistically significant differences were found between the repair techniques when stratified by primary and revision repairs, tear location, or chronicity. Postoperative clinical survivorship was 96.6% and 93.6% for knotted SB repairs and 96.7% and 93.9% for knotless TB repairs at 2 and 5 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: TOE RCR results in significant clinical improvement and excellent survivorship at a minimum of 5 years of follow-up, using either knotted SB or knotless TB repair techniques in primary and revision cases and in small and large tears. Equivalent results were obtained with both TOE techniques. Patients undergoing repair with a TOE showed significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes that were durable at a minimum of 5 years postoperatively.

Evaluation of the primary care for chronic diseases in the high coverage context of the Family Health Strategy.

BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study evaluated the adequacy of the Family Health Strategy for the primary care model for chronic noncommunicable diseases and the changes that occurred between the two cycles of external evaluations of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care, which took place in 2012 and 2014, in the higher coverage context of the Family Health Strategy of Brazil, in the state of Tocantins, Brazil. METHODS: The data source contained information on the infrastructure of the 233 Primary Health Units and on the work process of 266 health teams. The Principal Component Analysis for Categorical Data technique and the McNemar chi-squared statistical test for comparing paired samples were used, and a significance level of 5% with a 95% Confidence Interval was used. RESULTS: The analysis identified a low proportion of dispensing of medications for the treatment of chronic disease in both cycles. There was a significant increase in seasonal influenza vaccination, in the number of sterilization, procedure, dressings and inhalation rooms. There was a small but significant reduction in the materials for cervical cancer screening, although they are available in almost 90.0% of the PHUs. More than 70.0% of the health teams carried out additional health education activities, encouraged physical activity, registered schoolchildren with health needs for monitoring, evaluated user satisfaction and user referral. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study highlighted the improvement of the structure of the Primary Health Units, but identified a low provision of medicines to treat chronic diseases. The health promotion was performed as the main work process tool of family health teams, but it was little focused on intersectoral actions and on actions with the population in the area or on the empowerment of users through self-management support for chronic diseases. Furthermore, it is critical that the Family Health Strategy in Tocantins be organized and focused on the care of chronic diseases to improve and adapt itself to a primary chronic care model.

Physical rehabilitation in the context of a landslide that occurred in Brazil.

BACKGROUNDS: The efforts to develop research and training on physical rehabilitation in regards to disasters is considered recent worldwide. In the late evening of the 11th up until the 12th of January of 2011, the most massive natural disaster occurred in Brazil with extremely heavy downpour, abrupt flood, as well as landslides on multiple areas of the Mountain Region of Rio de Janeiro. The objective of this research was to investigate the challenges in terms of physical rehabilitation provided by this event METHODS: The cross-sectional mixed method's study, which was conducted in the city of Nova Friburgo, used two different data sources: hospital records on traumatic injuries pre and post disaster, and interviews with key informants - victims who suffered injuries related to the disaster, professionals from rehabilitation services in the municipality, and also the city's health service management. Pearson's chi-squared test was performed to evaluate statistical significance between the week of a given incident and the type of injury. Interviews were transcribed and analysed through content analysis. RESULTS: A total of 2326 hospital records and 27 interviews were analysed. The proportion of traumatic injury in the municipal emergency service increased from 16% in the prior week, to 40% in the week post-disaster (p <  0.0001). Different injuries were identified: multiple fractures, crushing, amputation, perforation of soft tissues, inhalation of dust and establishment of chronic conditions through stress. Despite this scenario, out of the 16 health professionals interviewed, twelve did not observe an increase in the demand for outpatient rehabilitation services after the disaster. Interviews with the victims revealed that the pathways for care ran into different barriers. From 11 victims interviewed, only one received complete physiotherapy care through the public health services in the city, while all others hired additional assistance, received volunteer services, had assistance in other cities or remained without rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: The needs for rehabilitation increased after the disaster; however, the demand was repressed due to different barriers such as competing needs and possible lack of medical referral. Recommendations were made, including the action of performing a search of victims with rehabilitation needs.

Closing the Nutrition Impact Gap Using Program Impact Pathway Analyses to Inform the Need for Program Modifications in Mexico's Conditional Cash Transfer Program.

BACKGROUND: Mexico's Prospera-Oportunidades-Progresa Conditional Cash Transfer Program (CCT-POP) included the distribution of fortified food supplements (FFS) for pregnant and lactating women and young children. Rigorous evaluations showed significant impacts on nutrition outcomes but also substantial gaps in addressing nutrition problems. OBJECTIVES: To highlight the program design-related and implementation-related gaps and challenges that motivated further research and the eventual design and roll-out of a modified nutrition component for CCT-POP. METHODS: We used a program impact pathway approach to highlight the extent and quality of implementation of CCT-POP, and its impact on nutrition outcomes. We drew on previously published and new primary data, organized into 3 sources: impact evaluations, studies to inform reformulation of the FFS, and a longitudinal follow-up study using qualitative and quantitative methods to document FFS use and the dietary intake of women and children. RESULTS: Despite positive impacts, a high prevalence of malnutrition persisted in the population. Coverage and use of health services improved, but quality of care was lacking. Consumption of FFS among lactating women was irregular. Micronutrient intake improved among children who consumed FFS, but the pattern of use limited frequency and quantity consumed. Substantial diversity in the prevalence of undernutrition was documented, as was an increased risk of overweight and obesity among women. CONCLUSIONS: Three key design and implementation challenges were identified. FFS, although well accepted for children, had limited potential to substantially modify the quality of children's diets because of the pattern of use in the home. The communications strategy was ineffective and ill-suited to its objective of motivating FFS use. Finally, the program with its common design across all regions of Mexico was not well adapted to the special needs of some subgroups, particularly indigenous populations. The studies reviewed in this paper motivated additional research and the eventual redesign of the nutrition component.

Accessibility of children with special health needs to the health care network.

OBJECTIVE: To know how children with special health needs access the health care network. METHOD: This is a qualitative research of descriptive-exploratory type, developed using semi-structured interviews mediated by the Talking Map design. Participants were 19 family caregivers of these children in two Brazilian municipalities. Data were submitted to inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Difficulties were mentioned from the diagnosis moment to the specialized follow-up, something represented by the itinerary of the c hild and his/her family in the search for the definition of the medical diagnosis and the access to a specialized professional; a gap between the children's needs and the care offered was observed in primary health care. CONCLUSION: The access of children with special health needs is filled with obstacles such as slowness in the process of defining the child's diagnosis and referral to a specialist. Primary health care services were replaced by care in emergency care units.

Use of health outcome and health service utilization indicators as an outcome of access to medicines in Brazil: perspectives from a literature review.

BACKGROUND: To guarantee the right to health, the health system must also ensure access to medicines. Several financial arrangements to provide these technologies are implemented and range from the direct (either total or partial) to indirect payment by the patient, being necessary to evaluate its effect on access to medicines. However, to ensure access to medicines is not just about ensuring its availability, as this only materializes in its use. Thus, evaluation studies of interventions in access to medicines have been using indicators related to the health results and use of health services as its outcomes. Furthermore, as this relationship is not direct, it is important to critically assess the adequacy of these tools to measure this phenomenon and, additionally, the ability to use it in the Brazilian scenario. Therefore, this study sought to identify, describe, and analyze the use of these indicators as medicine access outcomes, through a review of the scientific literature. METHODS: An extensive literature review was done using a bibliographic database for a systematic review. The references were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the indicators from the papers retained were analyzed using the parameters of validity, measurability, reliability, and relevance. RESULTS: We have analyzed over 12,000 references of which 30 references were included, describing the use of 49 health outcomes and health service use indicators. The majority reported the use of health service utilization measures. In our evaluation, the best indicators for assessing the effects of co-payment intervention on access are the ones aimed at specific populations or symptomatic health conditions in which the response to the therapeutic treatment is known and occurs in a short period of time. It was evident the lack of information on the indicators analyzed as well as the limitation of the Brazilian secondary databases for its calculation. CONCLUSIONS: This research showed the variety and heterogeneity of the indicators used in scientific studies. The best indicators for access to medicines are sought to measure the use of health services for symptomatic health conditions that are quickly responsive to pharmacological treatment, while the indicators related to worker productivity loss was the most suitable for health outcomes.

[The implementation of a Biobank network for Chile]. / Una red de biobancos para Chile: investigar hoy, para curar mañana.

The concept "Biobank" is relatively new in the scientific literature, and is not yet consensually defined, even for the World Health Organization (WHO). However, the use of human samples in biomedical research is a very old activity. The organized development of Biobanks in different places has grown in the last decade. The experience in different countries and continents has been diverse. In this special article we intend to summarize, organize and communicate to the national medical and scientific community, (i) the concept of Biobank, (ii) the international experience and a map of the Research Biobanks working in Chile, (iii) the basic biomedical and essential operational aspects to manage a Biobank for Research and (iv) the impact of a National Network of Biobanks implementation in the Chilean Health System. Ethical and regulatory aspects will not be included, given their intrinsic complexity, which should be discussed elsewhere.

Frequency of emergency department visits and hospitalizations due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations in patients included in two models of care / Frecuencia de visitas al departamento de emergencias y hospitalizaciones debido a exacerbaciones de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en pacientes incluidos en dos modelos de atención

INTRODUCTION: Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a huge impact on lung function, quality of life and mortality of patients. Emergency Department visits and hospitalizations due to exacerbations cause a significant economic burden on the health system. OBJECTIVE: To describe the differences in the number of emergency visits and hospitalizations due to exacerbations of COPD among patients included in two models of care of the same institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A historical cohort study in which COPD patients who are users of two models of care were included: COPD integrated care program (CICP) and general consultation of pulmonology (GCP). The first model, unlike the second one, offers additional educational activities, 24/7 telephone service, and priority consultations. The number of emergency visits and hospitalizations due to COPD exacerbations in patients who had completed at least one year of follow-up was evaluated. The multivariable Poisson regression model was used for calculating the incidence rate (IR) and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) with an adjustment for confounding factors. RESULTS: We included 316 COPD patients (166 from the CICP and 150 from the GCP). During the year of follow-up, the CICP patients had 50% fewer emergency visits and hospitalizations than patients from the GCP (IRR=0.50, 95%CI: 0.29-0.87, p=0.014). CONCLUSIONS: COPD patients in the CICP had fewer emergency visits and hospitalizations due to exacerbations. Prospective clinical studies are required to confirm the results and to evaluate the factors that contribute to the differences.

Introducción. Las exacerbaciones de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) tienen un gran impacto en la función pulmonar, la calidad de vida y la mortalidad de los pacientes. Las visitas al Departamento de Emergencias y las hospitalizaciones debido a las exacerbaciones, causan una carga económica importante para el sistema de salud. Objetivo. Describir las diferencias en el número de visitas de emergencia y hospitalizaciones debidas a exacerbaciones de la EPOC, entre los pacientes incluidos en dos modelos de atención de la misma institución. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un estudio de cohorte histórica en el que se incluyeron pacientes que son usuarios de dos modelos de atención: el programa de atención integrada de la EPOC (CICP) y la consulta general de neumología (PCG). El primer modelo, a diferencia del segundo, ofrece actividades educativas adicionales, servicio telefónico las 24 horas del día y consultas prioritarias. Se evaluó el número de visitas de emergencia y hospitalizaciones debido a exacerbaciones de la EPOC en pacientes que habían completado, al menos, un año de seguimiento. Se utilizó el modelo de regresión multivariable de Poisson para calcular la tasa de incidencia (IR) y la razón de tasas de incidencia (IRR), con un ajuste para factores de confusión. Resultados. Se incluyeron 316 pacientes con EPOC, 166 del CICP y 150 de la PCG. Durante el año de seguimiento, los pacientes en el CICP tuvieron 50 % menos visitas de emergencia y hospitalizaciones que los pacientes en la PCG (IRR=0,50; IC95% 0,29-0,87; p=0,014). Conclusiones. Los pacientes con EPOC en el CICP, tuvieron menos visitas de emergencia y hospitalizaciones debido a las exacerbaciones. Se requieren estudios clínicos prospectivos para confirmar los resultados y evaluar los factores que contribuyen a las diferencias.

Famílias refugiadas africanas: qualidade de vida, expectativas e necessidades em relação à saúde / African refugee families: quality of life, needs and expectations regarding health

Resumo O Brasil abriga indivíduos de diversos países em situação de refúgio, tal como é definida pela Lei nº 9.474/1997 ou por autodeclaração. O uso do Sistema Único de Saúde faz parte dos direitos dos refugiados. Apesar desse direito, observa-se a ocorrência de preconceitos, desinformação e dificuldades de acesso a serviços. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi mensurar a qualidade de vida e compreender as necessidades e expectativas de famílias de refugiados africanos em relação à saúde. O estudo foi realizado em dois momentos: quantitativo e qualitativo. Os participantes responderam a escala de qualidade de vida WHOQOL-bref. Foi extraída uma família da amostra para a realização do genograma estrutural e de entrevista semiestruturada com questão norteadora. A análise quantitativa foi feita por estatística descritiva e os discursos obtidos, pela análise de conteúdo proposta por Laurence Bardin. Como resultados, no parâmetro de 0 a 100, a média apresentada foi de 49,57, classificando a qualidade de vida como "nem boa, nem ruim". Esse resultado é condizente com os discursos dos entrevistados e está relacionado à falta de emprego e dinheiro. Em relação à saúde, as avaliações não diferem das dos brasileiros: o serviço apresenta demora no atendimento, faltam médicos e os postos são distantes. Destaca-se também o preconceito vivido por alguns participantes ao serem atendidos pelos serviços de saúde, pelo fato de serem africanos.

Abstract Brazil is home to individuals from different countries in refuge situation, as defined by Law no. 9,474/1997 or by self-declaration. The Brazilian National Health System is available to refugees, but, despite this right, prejudice, misinformation, and difficulties in accessing these services are observed. The objective of this research is to measure their quality of life and to understand the needs and expectations of African refugee families in relation to health. The study was performed in two moments: a quantitative and a qualitative one. Participants responded to the WHOQOL-Bref quality of life scale. A sample family was extracted to compose the structural genogram and to participate in a semi-structured interview with a guiding question. The quantitative analysis was done by descriptive statistics and the discourses obtained were evaluated by the content analysis proposed by Laurence Bardin. Results showed, in the 0 to 100 parameter, a mean of 49.57, classifying the quality of life as "neither good, nor bad". This result is consistent with the discourses of the interviewees, related to lack of employment and money. Regarding health, their evaluations do not differ from those of Brazilians: the service presents delays in care, lack of doctors and the health posts are far away. The prejudice suffered by some participants when being attended by the health services, related to being African, was also highlighted.

Política(s) de segurança alimentar e nutricional: narrativas de líderes e moradores de um bairro popular de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil / Politic and policies for food and nutrition security: meanings given by urban community leaders and residents of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Resumo O Fome Zero e as políticas de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) fizeram do Brasil uma referência internacional em tecnologias sociais de promoção do acesso à alimentação. Este artigo analisa percepções de líderes comunitários e/ou moradores de um bairro popular de Salvador sobre a atuação do Estado em SAN. A metodologia aliou mapas conceituais e grupo focal aplicados em dois momentos (2014 e 2016, respectivamente) de uma pesquisa-ação. Foi evidenciado, em ambos os momentos, o distanciamento dos atores locais em relação aos programas de SAN. No início da pesquisa-ação, as percepções sobre a SAN reforçavam a responsabilização dos indivíduos, indicando o desconhecimento da alimentação enquanto direito. No segundo momento, as narrativas do grupo focal criticaram duramente o Estado por não cumprir com a sua obrigação nesse campo. No discurso dos participantes, fome e insegurança alimentar e nutricional são expressões e instrumentos de sistemas de opressão historicamente construídos - racial, patriarcal e de classe. A discussão sobre os interesses defendidos pelo Estado traz à tona a questão da democracia e da representatividade. A desconfiança nas políticas sociais e de SAN constitui um problema crucial a ser explorado, em um cenário atual de desmantelamento das políticas e de retrocessos democráticos.

Abstract The program Fome Zero and the resulting Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) policies have turned Brazil into an international reference for social technologies that promote access to food. This article analyzes the perceptions of community leaders and/or residents of a poor neighborhood in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, regarding the State's action in FNS. The methodology combined conceptual maps and focus group that were implemented in two different moments (2014 and 2016, respectively) of a participatory action research. Results highlight, at both times, the distance of local actors regarding FNS policies. At the beginning of the action research, perceptions on FNS emphasized individuals' responsibility, showing the unawareness on the human right to food. Two years later, narratives of the focus group heavily criticized the State for not complying with its obligations. In the participants' discourse, hunger and food and nutrition insecurity appear as both the expression and the instrument of historically established oppression systems - racial, patriarchal, and of social class. The discussion on which interests are defended by the State brings forward the issue of democracy and representativeness. The distrust regarding social and FNS policies constitute a crucial problem to be explored in the current context of policy decommissioning and democratic setbacks.

Desafios na gestão de resíduos de estabelecimentos de saúde públicos perante a RDC 222/18 / Waste management challenges of public health facilities subject to RDC 222/18

RESUMO A RDC 222/18 representa um avanço na área da gestão dos resíduos de serviços de saúde, no entanto, alguns desafios precisam ser considerados para o alcance dos impactos esperados na saúde ambiental e na qualidade de vida da população. Nesta perspectiva, considerando que estabelecimentos de saúde públicos precisam ser regulados pelo órgão responsável no que se refere às adequações sanitárias, o presente estudo tem como propósito relatar a experiência acadêmica de um profissional de saúde na coleta de dados de inspeção sanitária para pesquisa nos estabelecimentos de saúde públicos de um município do Sul do Brasil e os desafios ante a RDC 222/18. Como material de observação, foi utilizado o roteiro de inspeção aplicado em 28 estabelecimentos de saúde públicos. As informações coletadas foram categorizadas conforme os desafios observados. Verificaram-se desafios na gestão dos Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) relativos à ausência de plano de gerenciamento, falha no manejo, falta de abrigo externo, falhas na tomada de decisão e quanto à responsabilidade técnica. Evidenciou-se que, para o cumprimento da RDC 222/18 e seus consequentes impactos positivos, o tema necessita de maior visibilidade em meio aos profissionais da saúde, especialmente no campo da educação permanente.

ABSTRACT RDC 222/18 represents an advancement in the area of health care waste management, however, some challenges need to be considered in order to achieve the expected impact on environmental health and quality of life of the population. In this perspective, considering that public health institutions need to be regulated by the body responsible for sanitary management, this study aims to report the academic experience of a health professional in gathering data related to sanitary inspections of public health services in a municipality in Southern Brazil and the challenges facing RDC 222/18. As an observation material, the inspection list applied in 28 public health care facilities were used. The obtained information was categorized according to the observed challenges. There were challenges in the management of Health Service Waste (RSS) related to the absence of a management plan, management failure, lack of external shelter, decision-making failures and technical responsibility. It was noted that, in order to comply with RDC 222/18 and its consequent positive impacts, this theme needs greater visibility amongst health professionals, particularly in the permanent education field.

Gerenciamento de resíduos em laboratórios de uma universidade pública brasileira: um desafio para a saúde ambiental e a saúde do trabalhador / Waste management in laboratories of a Brazilian public university: a challenge for environmental health and occupational health

RESUMO As instituições de ensino superior, enquanto geradoras e difusoras de conhecimento, precisam cada vez mais assumir seu papel no contexto regional, especialmente na criação de políticas sustentáveis e de preservação do meio ambiente. Neste sentido, o presente artigo objetiva compreender as práticas de gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde nos laboratórios de ensino-pesquisa do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - campus Montes Claros. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, realizada mediante a aplicação de questionário com os trabalhadores inseridos em atividades dos laboratórios de ensino. Para a análise, foram utilizadas as frequências absolutas e relativas, medidas de posição, tendência central e dispersão. Entre os problemas identificados, ressaltam-se: as não conformidades com a legislação vigente, em relação ao gerenciamento de resíduos nos laboratórios; a ausência relatada pelos trabalhadores, de capacitações para a realização de suas funções, como também de treinamentos para a prevenção de riscos e para o manejo adequado de resíduos; e a cobertura vacinal baixa contra hepatite B e tétano. Apesar de os locais pesquisados realizarem o gerenciamento dos seus resíduos, constata-se que muitas práticas estão em desacordo com a legislação vigente e precisam ser adequadas.

ABSTRACT Higher education institutions, as generators and disseminators of knowledge, are increasingly in need to assume their roles in regional context, especially in the creation of sustainable and environment preservation public policies. In this sense, the aim of this article was to understand the management of health care waste practices in teaching and research laboratories of the Institute of Agrarian Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais - Montes Claros campus. It is a research with quantitative and qualitative approaches, carried out through survey application with workers engaged in the activities of the teaching labs. For the analysis, absolute and relative frequencies, position measurements, central tendency and dispersion were used. Among the problems detected, it should be highlighted: non-compliance with current legislation, concerned to laboratories waste management; absence reported by workers, of training for the accomplishment of their functions, as well as education for risk prevention and proper waste management; insufficient immunization coverage against hepatitis B and tetanus. Although the places researched manage their waste, this work concludes that many practices are at odds with the current legislation and need to be adequate.

Perfeccionamiento de la calidad de los servicios médicos para el enfrentamiento de brotes de dengue / Improving the quality of medical services to face dengue outbreaks

Introducción: El dengue es un problema que afecta a más de 100 países y pone en situación de riesgo a la mitad de la población mundial. En la evolución de los pacientes, además de los factores biológicos, influyen factores sociales entre los cuales se encuentra la calificación del personal de salud. Objetivo: describir el grado de conocimiento y aceptación que tienen directivos y profesionales del sistema de salud para la atención a enfermos de dengue. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación operativa de tipo cualitativa, en las provincias La Habana, Ciego de Ávila, Cienfuegos y Santiago de Cuba en el período 2014-2017. Se aplicó cuestionario de conocimientos con respecto a las Guías Cubanas para la Atención a Enfermos de Dengue, y se realizaron discusiones grupales para conocer criterios acerca de los aspectos organizativos. Resultados: La mayoría de los encuestados dominó los aspectos fundamentales necesarios para el manejo clínico adecuado de los pacientes y evitar su muerte, aunque existieron diferentes niveles de conocimiento. Los profesionales médicos obtuvieron mayor puntuación que los no médicos. Conclusiones: La apreciación general de los profesionales del Sistema de Salud es que la organización para la atención a pacientes durante epidemias de dengue es correcta y se ejecuta de manera satisfactoria. Ellos tienen los conocimientos indispensables para manejar adecuadamente a los pacientes(AU)

Introduction: Dengue is a problem that affects more than 100 countries and threatens half of the world population. Besides biological factors, the evolution of patients is influenced upon by social factors such as the qualification of the health personnel. Objective: Describe the degree of knowledge and acceptance by managers and professionals from the health system for the care of dengue patients. Methods: A qualitative operational study was conducted in the provinces of Havana, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos and Santiago de Cuba in the period 2014-2017. A questionnaire was applied to assess acquaintance with the Cuban Guides for the Care of Dengue Patients, and group discussions were performed to gather criteria about organizational aspects. Results: Most respondents were aware of the main aspects required for the appropriate clinical management of patients and to prevent their death, though varying levels of information were observed. Medical professionals obtained higher scores than non-medical staff. Conclusions: Most Health System professionals consider that implementation of patient care actions during epidemics is appropriate and these are performed in a satisfactory manner. They have the indispensable knowledge required to adequately manage patients(AU)