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1.
Food Microbiol ; 120: 104495, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38431315

RESUMEN

This study assessed the fate of a Salmonella enterica cocktail (S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Newport, S. Agona and S. Anatum; initial counts 3.5 log CFU/g) in minimally processed sliced chard, broccoli and red cabbage at 16 conditions of different temperature (7, 14, 21 and 37 °C) and relative humidity (RH; 15, 35, 65 and 95%) over six days (144 h). Linear regression was used to estimate the rate change of Salmonella in cut vegetables as a function of temperature and relative humidity (RH). R2 value of 0.85, 0.87, and 0.78 were observed for the rates of change in chard, broccoli, and red cabbage, respectively. The interaction between temperature and RH was significant in all sliced vegetables. Higher temperatures and RH values favored Salmonella growth. As temperature or RH decreased, the rate of S. enterica change varied by vegetable. The models developed here can improve risk management of Salmonella in fresh cut vegetables.


Asunto(s)
Beta vulgaris , Brassica , Salmonella enterica , Temperatura , Microbiología de Alimentos , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Humedad , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Salmonella , Verduras
2.
Food Microbiol ; 120: 104462, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38431310

RESUMEN

The antimicrobial effect of fresh garlic (20, 30, and 50 g/kg) and the equivalent concentrations of garlic oil (80, 120, and 200 mg/kg) was investigated in ground mutton during storage at 4 °C. By day 6 and thereafter, mutton meatballs treated with 50 g/kg of fresh garlic and 200 mg/kg garlic oil exhibited a significant decline in psychrotrophic and Pseudomonas counts in comparison with control. Fresh garlic added at a concentration of 50 g/kg exhibited the highest antimicrobial effect, followed by garlic oil at 200 mg/kg, fresh garlic at 30 g/kg, and garlic oil at 120 mg/kg. By the 15th day of storage, the fresh garlic added at concentrations of 50 and 30 g/kg and garlic oil added at concentrations of 120, and 200 mg/kg inactivated the populations of foodborne pathogens artificially inoculated into ground mutton and exhibited significant (P < 0.01) lower counts in Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus by more than 3 logs CFU/g, in comparison to control. Therefore, fresh garlic and garlic oil can be used as natural antimicrobial food additives to extend the shelf life and inactivate the populations of foodborne pathogens in meat products.


Asunto(s)
Compuestos Alílicos , Ajo , Listeria monocytogenes , Sulfuros , Microbiología de Alimentos , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Salmonella typhimurium
3.
J Oleo Sci ; 73(3): 351-358, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38432999

RESUMEN

Acute pancreatitis (AP) have been documented to have severe impact on pancreatic function. Frequent incidence of AP can result in chronic pancreatitis and thereby it can increase the probability of pancreatic cancers. This study intended to examine the effect of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) synthesized from Coleus forskohlii leaf extract on pancreatic function and AP in rat. Primarily, Se-NPs was fabricated using the C. forskohlii leaf extract. The synthesized nanomaterial was characterized through UV-visible, XRD, and FTIR spectroscopies. Notably, the zeta potential of Se-NPs was found to be -32.8 mV with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.18. Morphological analysis on SEM unveiled the spherical shape of Se-NP with an average particle size of 12.69 nm. Strikingly, cytotoxicity analysis on pancreatic cancer and normal cells unveiled the concentration-dependent toxicity profile. However, IC 50 value is lower in normal pancreatic cell lines in comparison to pancreatic cancer cells lines. Assessment of Se-NPs on AP rats revealed the positive impact of Se-NPs. It effectively decreased the amount of lipase, amylase, IL-1ß, MDA, NO, and Bcl-2 while increased the glucose, insulin, HOMA-ß and antioxidant potential in AP rats. In addition, an evaluation of Se-NPs in the pancreatic functions revealed the non-harmful effect of Se-NPs.


Asunto(s)
Nanopartículas , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Pancreatitis , Plectranthus , Selenio , Animales , Ratas , Pancreatitis/inducido químicamente , Pancreatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad Aguda , Extractos Vegetales
4.
Glob Chang Biol ; 30(3): e17200, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38433308

RESUMEN

Treelines advance due to climate warming. The impacts of this vegetation shift on plant-soil nutrient cycling are still uncertain, yet highly relevant as nutrient availability stimulates tree growth. Here, we investigated nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in plant and soil pools along two tundra-forest transects on Kola Peninsula, Russia, with a documented elevation shift of birch-dominated treeline by 70 m during the last 50 years. Results show that although total N and P stocks in the soil-plant system did not change with elevation, their distribution was significantly altered. With the transition from high-elevation tundra to low-elevation forest, P stocks in stones decreased, possibly reflecting enhanced weathering. In contrast, N and P stocks in plant biomass approximately tripled and available P and N in the soil increased fivefold toward the forest. This was paralleled by decreasing carbon (C)-to-nutrient ratios in foliage and litter, smaller C:N:P ratios in microbial biomass, and lower enzymatic activities related to N and P acquisition in forest soils. An incubation experiment further demonstrated manifold higher N and P net mineralization rates in litter and soil in forest compared to tundra, likely due to smaller C:N:P ratios in decomposing organic matter. Overall, our results show that forest expansion increases the mobilization of available nutrients through enhanced weathering and positive plant-soil feedback, with nutrient-rich forest litter releasing greater amounts of N and P upon decomposition. While the low N and P availability in tundra may retard treeline advances, its improvement toward the forest likely promotes tree growth and forest development.


Asunto(s)
Nitrógeno , Árboles , Bosques , Fósforo , Suelo
5.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38433686

RESUMEN

Objective:To explore the allergen components of birch pollen in the Beijing area and interpret its clinical significance. Methods:A total of 58 patients with birch pollen allergy were included in the cross-sectional study and divided into allergic rhinitis(AR) and allergic asthma(AA) groups according to clinical manifestations. Concentration of birch pollen allergen sIgE, as well as Bet v 1, Bet v 2, Bet v 4 and Bet v 6 sIgE were detected by ImmunoCAP immunolinked immunoassay. Differences of sIgE concentration of birch pollen allergen component in AR and AA were analyzed. Results:There were 44(75.9%) cases of AR and 14(24.1%) cases of AA were enrolled. All the 18 patients with spring pollen allergy were AR patients without AA. There were 40 cases with both spring and autumn pollen allergy, of which 26 cases(65%) were AR and 14 cases(35%) were AA. The sIgE of birch pollen allergen was level 2 or above in all subjects. 94.8% were positive for any four allergen components. 77.6% were mono-sensitized to any allergen component while 17.2% were dual-sensitized. The positive rate of Bet v 1 and/or Bet v 2 was 93.1%. The positive rates of four protein components were: Bet v 1(82.8%), Bet v 2(29.3%), Bet v 6(1.7%), Bet v 4(0%). sIgE of birch pollen was positively correlated with sIgE level of Betv 1(r=0.898, P<0.001). The sIgE concentration of Bet v2 in AA group was significantly higher than that in AR group([4.34±14.35] kUA/L vs [1.56±3.26] kUA/L, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in other components. Conclusion:Bet v 1 is the main allergen component of birch pollen in the Beijing area, and Bet v 1 plus Bet v 2 can diagnose more than 90% of birch pollen allergy.


Asunto(s)
Rinitis Alérgica Estacional , Rinitis Alérgica , Humanos , Alérgenos , Betula , Estudios Transversales , Polen
6.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1280163, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38435294

RESUMEN

Background: The relationships between heavy metals and fatty liver, especially the threshold values, have not been fully elucidated. The objective of this research was to further investigate the correlation between blood heavy metal exposures and the risk of Metabolic dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in adults. Methods: Laboratory data on blood metal exposure levels were obtained from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for the period 2015 to 2020 for a cross-sectional study in adults. Associations between blood levels of common heavy metals and the risk of MAFLD in adults were analyzed using multifactorial logistic regression and ranked for heavy metal importance using a random forest model. Finally, thresholds for important heavy metals were calculated using piecewise linear regression model. Results: In a multifactorial logistic regression model, we found that elevated levels of selenium (Se) and manganese (Mn) blood exposure were strongly associated with the risk of MAFLD in adults. The random forest model importance ranking also found that Se and Mn blood exposure levels were in the top two positions of importance for the risk of disease in adults. The restricted cubic spline suggested a non-linear relationship between Se and Mn blood exposure and adult risk of disease. The OR (95% CI) for MAFLD prevalence was 3.936 (2.631-5.887) for every 1 unit increase in Log Mn until serum Mn levels rose to the turning point (Log Mn = 1.10, Mn = 12.61 µg/L). This correlation was not significant (p > 0.05) after serum Mn levels rose to the turning point. A similar phenomenon was observed for serum Se levels, with a turning point of (Log Se = 2.30, Se = 199.55 µg/L). Conclusion: Blood heavy metals, especially Se and Mn, are significantly associated with MAFLD in adults. They have a non-linear relationship with a clear threshold.


Asunto(s)
Metales Pesados , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Selenio , Adulto , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas Nutricionales , Metales Pesados/efectos adversos
7.
PeerJ ; 12: e16985, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38436009

RESUMEN

Tillering/branching pattern plays a significant role in determining the structure and diversity of grass, and trimming has been found to induce tillering in turfgrass. Recently, it has been reported that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) regulates axillary bud development. However, the role of H2O2 in trimming-induced tillering in bermudagrass, a kind of turfgrass, remains unclear. Our study unveils the significant impact of trimming on promoting the sprouting and growth of tiller buds in stolon nodes, along with an increase in the number of tillers in the main stem. This effect is accompanied by spatial-temporal changes in cytokinin and sucrose content, as well as relevant gene expression in axillary buds. In addition, the partial trimming of new-born tillers results in an increase in sucrose and starch reserves in their leaves, which can be attributed to the enhanced photosynthesis capacity. Importantly, trimming promotes a rapid H2O2 burst in the leaves of new-born tillers and axillary stolon buds. Furthermore, exogenous application of H2O2 significantly increases the number of tillers after trimming by affecting the expression of cytokinin-related genes, bolstering photosynthesis potential, energy reserves and antioxidant enzyme activity. Taken together, these results indicate that both endogenous production and exogenous addition of H2O2 enhance the inductive effects of trimming on the tillering process in bermudagrass, thus helping boost energy supply and maintain the redox state in newly formed tillers.


Asunto(s)
Cynodon , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Oxidación-Reducción , Antioxidantes , Citocininas , Sacarosa
8.
Indian J Community Med ; 49(1): 144-151, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38425957

RESUMEN

Background: India has nearly 267 million adult tobacco users, with a slowly improving quitting rate. Among the many approaches to quitting the habit, such as counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, nicotine patch or gum, and prescribed allopathic medicines. Complementary and alternative medicine/therapy (CAM), a thousand-year-old practice in India, may also prove to be a potential method in tobacco cessation; however, there is scarce literature on the extent of use of CAM among tobacco users who attempt to quit the habit. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the potential of CAM as a strategy for tobacco control in India. Material and Methods: We undertook a secondary analysis of the data from both rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS 2009 and 2016). The dependent variable included in the analysis was the use of traditional medicine as a method for quitting tobacco in three types of users-smokers, smokeless tobacco users, and dual users. The prevalence of CAM use was reported, and Chi-square test was applied to find the factors significantly associated with the use of CAM among tobacco users considering a P value of 0.05 to be statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of traditional medicine use for GATS-1 was observed to be more among dual users (4%), while for GATS-2, it was highest among smokers (3%). For both rounds of the GATS survey, the use of traditional medicine was found to be higher among males, rural residents, users with no education or less than primary education, and the eastern region. Conclusions: CAM has a promising potential for supporting tobacco cessation provided a concerted effort is undertaken to standardize pharmacopeia and establish robust clinical evidence. In addition, there is a need to create awareness, build the capacity of healthcare providers, and foster academic-industrial research in indigenous Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) systems.

9.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38430230

RESUMEN

The prescription of homeopathic remedies at the expense of the statutory health insurance (SHI) system in Germany has been criticized for years due to a lack of evidence. Now, on the planned abolition of the reimbursement of homeopathic medicines in Germany, the debate on this topic has been reignited. The aim of this paper is to show the costs and their development over time incurred by homeopathic remedies in the healthcare system from 1985 to 2021. For this purpose, 15 selected homeopathic medicines were chosen from the drug prescription report (Arzneiverordnungsreport) and analyzed with regard to their development of DDD (Defined Daily Dose) using data from the Wissenschaftliches Institut der Ortskrankenkassen (WidO, Scientific Institute of the General Local Health Insurance Funds) and compared with their respective rational pharmacological alternatives. The price comparison was based on the DDD costs and the pharmacy retail price of the smallest packaging in each case. The clinical study situation for the preparations was also analyzed. For this purpose, the clinical studies provided by the manufacturer and those on PubMed were divided into evidence levels and analyzed. In addition, the presentation of homeopathic remedies on company websites, in online pharmacies, in specialist information and package leaflets was analyzed with regard to side effects, interactions, indication, and information on the alleged effect/proof of efficacy. In many media, information on homeopathic medicines remained incomplete, and non-compliance with the Therapeutic Product Advertising Act (Heilmittelwerbegesetz) was noted. Naming of the products if often very suggestive, too. Manufacturers' claims of efficacy go far beyond what can be considered proven in terms of evidence-based medicine and the quality of most clinical studies is poor. Homeopathic remedies are on average significantly more expensive than their rational pharmacological alternatives. Furthermore, DDD costs have continued to rise over the years analyzed. In aggregate, from a pharmacoeconomic, legal, and scientific perspective, abolition of reimbursement of homeopathic medicines in Germany at the expense of the SHI system is well justified.

10.
PeerJ ; 12: e16992, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38426138

RESUMEN

Background: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have a specific symbiotic relationship with plants and rhizosphere soil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of PGPR on blueberry plant growth, rhizospheric soil nutrients and the microbial community. Methods: In this study, nine PGPR strains, belonging to the genera Pseudomonas and Buttiauxella, were selected and added into the soil in which the blueberry cuttings were planted. All the physiological indexes of the cuttings and all rhizospheric soil element contents were determined on day 6 after the quartic root irrigation experiments were completed. The microbial diversity in the soil was determined using high-throughput amplicon sequencing technology. The correlations between phosphorus solubilization, the auxin production of PGPR strains, and the physiological indexes of blueberry plants, and the correlation between rhizospheric microbial diversity and soil element contents were determined using the Pearson's correlation, Kendall's tau correlation and Spearman's rank correlation analysis methods. Results: The branch number, leaf number, chlorophyllcontentand plant height of the treated blueberry group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The rhizospheric soil element contents also increased after PGPR root irrigation. The rhizospheric microbial community structure changed significantly under the PGPR of root irrigation. The dominant phyla, except Actinomycetota, in the soil samples had the greatest correlation with phosphorus solubilization and the auxin production of PGPR strains. The branch number, leaf number, and chlorophyllcontent had a positive correlation with the phosphorus solubilization and auxin production of PGPR strains and soil element contents. In conclusion, plant growth could be promoted by the root irrigation of PGPR to improve rhizospheric soil nutrients and the microenvironment, with modification of the rhizospheric soil microbial community. Discussion: Plant growth could be promoted by the root irrigation of PGPR to improve rhizospheric soil nutrients and the microenvironment, with the modification of the rhizospheric soil microbial community. These data may help us to better understand the positive effects of PGPR on blueberry growth and the rhizosphere soil microenvironment, as well as provide a research basis for the subsequent development of a rhizosphere-promoting microbial fertilizer.


Asunto(s)
Alphaproteobacteria , Arándanos Azules (Planta) , Suelo/química , Rizosfera , Plantas , Ácidos Indolacéticos , Fósforo
11.
J Comp Neurol ; 532(3): e25595, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38427380

RESUMEN

The thalamus is one of the most important divisions of the forebrain because it serves as the major hub for transmission of information between the brainstem and telencephalon. While many studies have investigated the thalamus in mammals, comparable analyses in reptiles are incomplete. To fill this gap in knowledge, the thalamus was investigated in crocodiles using a variety of morphological techniques. The thalamus consists of two parts: a dorsal and a ventral division. The dorsal thalamus was defined by its projections to the telencephalon, whereas the ventral thalamus lacked this circuit. The complement of nuclei in each part of the thalamus was identified and characterized. Alar and basal components of both the dorsal and ventral thalamus were distinguished. Although some alar-derived nuclei in the dorsal thalamus shared certain features, no grouping could account for all of the known nuclei. However, immunohistochemical observations suggested a subdivision of alar-derived ventral thalamic nuclei. In view of this, a different approach to the organization of the dorsal thalamus should be considered. Development of the dorsal thalamus is suggested to be one way to provide a fresh perspective on its organization.


Asunto(s)
Caimanes y Cocodrilos , Animales , Tálamo/anatomía & histología , Mamíferos , Núcleos Talámicos Ventrales , Telencéfalo , Núcleos Talámicos/anatomía & histología
12.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 5147, 2024 03 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429352

RESUMEN

Rice husk, an agricultural waste from the rice industry, can cause serious environmental pollution if not properly managed. However, rice husk ash (RHA) has been found to have many positive properties, making it a potential replacement for non-renewable peat in soilless planting. Thus, this study investigated the impact of a RHA composite substrate on the growth, photosynthetic parameters, and fruit quality of cucumber (Yuyi longxiang variety) and melon (Yutian yangjiaomi variety). The RHA, peat, vermiculite, and perlite were blended in varying proportions, with the conventional seedling substrate (peat:vermiculite:perlite = 1:1:1 volume ratio) serving as the control (CK). All plants were cultivated in barrels filled with 10L of the mixed substrates. The results from this study found that RHA 40 (RHA:peat:vermiculite:perlite = 4:4:1:1 volume ratio) significantly enhanced substrate ventilation and positively influenced the stem diameter, root activity, seedling index, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) of cucumber and melon plants. Additionally, plant planted using RHA 40, the individual fruit weight of cucumber and melon found to increase by 34.62% and 21.67%, respectively, as compared to the control. Aside from that, both cucumber and melon fruits had significantly higher sucrose, total soluble sugar, vitamin C, and soluble protein levels. This subsequently improved the activity of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase in both cucumber and melon. In conclusion, the RHA 40 found to best promote cucumber and melon plant growth, increase plant leaf photosynthesis, and improve cucumber and melon fruit quality, making it a suitable substrate formula for cucumber and melon cultivation in place of peat.


Asunto(s)
Óxido de Aluminio , Silicatos de Aluminio , Cucumis sativus , Cucurbitaceae , Oryza , Dióxido de Silicio , Carbohidratos de la Dieta , Suelo
13.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 2131, 2024 Mar 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38459068

RESUMEN

AgRP neurons drive hunger, and excessive nutrient intake is the primary driver of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. While many factors impacting central regulation of feeding behavior have been established, the role of microRNAs in this process is poorly understood. Utilizing unique mouse models, we demonstrate that miR-33 plays a critical role in the regulation of AgRP neurons, and that loss of miR-33 leads to increased feeding, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction in mice. These effects include the regulation of multiple miR-33 target genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid metabolism. Our findings elucidate a key regulatory pathway regulated by a non-coding RNA that impacts hunger by controlling multiple bioenergetic processes associated with the activation of AgRP neurons, providing alternative therapeutic approaches to modulate feeding behavior and associated metabolic diseases.


Asunto(s)
Hambre , MicroARNs , Animales , Ratones , Proteína Relacionada con Agouti/genética , Proteína Relacionada con Agouti/metabolismo , Hambre/fisiología , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Neuronas/metabolismo , Obesidad/metabolismo
14.
Mol Plant Pathol ; 25(3): e13441, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38462774

RESUMEN

RNA interference, or RNA silencing, is an important defence mechanism against viroid infection in plants. Plants encode multiple DICER-LIKE (DCL) proteins that are key components of the RNA silencing pathway. However, the roles of different DCLs in defence responses against viroid infection remain unclear. Here, we determined the function of tomato DCL2b (SlDCL2b) in defence responses against potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) infection using SlDCL2b loss-of-function tomato mutant plants. Compared with wild-type plants, mutant plants were more susceptible to PSTVd infection, developing more severe symptoms earlier and accumulating higher levels of PSTVd RNAs. Moreover, we verified the feedback mechanism for the regulation of SlDCL2b expression by miR6026. Functional blocking of tomato miR6026, by expressing its target mimics, can enhance resistance to PSTVd infection in tomato plants. These findings deepen the current understanding of RNAi-based resistance against viroid infection and provide a potentially new strategy for viroid control.


Asunto(s)
Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum tuberosum , Viroides , Viroides/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Interferencia de ARN , ARN Viral/metabolismo
15.
Plant Cell Rep ; 43(4): 90, 2024 Mar 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38466444

RESUMEN

KEY MESSAGE: Serendipita indica induced metabolic reprogramming in colonized plants complements phosphorus-management in improving their tolerance to arsenic stress on multifaceted biological fronts. Restoration of the anthropic damage done to our environment is inextricably linked to devising strategies that are not only economically sound but are self-renewing and ecologically conscious. The dilemma of heavy metal (HM) dietary ingestion, especially arsenic (As), faced by humans and animals alike, necessitates the exploitation of such technologies and the cultivation of healthy and abundant crops. The remarkable symbiotic alliance between plants and 'mycorrhizas' has evolved across eons, benefiting growth/yield aspects as well as imparting abiotic/biotic stress tolerance. The intricate interdependence of Serendipita indica (S. indica) and rice plant reportedly reduce As accumulation, accentuating the interest of microbiologists, agriculturists, and ecotoxicological scientists apropos of the remediation mechanisms of As in the soil-AMF-rice system. Nutrient management, particularly of phosphorus (P), is also praised for mitigating As phytotoxicity by deterring the uptake of As molecules due to the rhizospheric cationic competition. Taking into consideration the reasonable prospects of success in minimizing As acquisition by rice plants, this review focuses on the physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional alterations underlying S. indica symbiosis, recuperation of As stress together with nutritional management of P by gathering case studies and presenting successful paradigms. Weaving together a volume of literature, we assess the chemical forms of As and related transport pathways, discuss As-P-rice interaction and the significance of fungi in As toxicity mitigation, predominantly the role of mycorrhiza, as well as survey of the multifaceted impacts of S. indica on plants. A potential strategy for simultaneous S. indica + P administration in paddy fields is proposed, followed by future research orientation to expand theoretic comprehension and encourage field-based implementation.


Asunto(s)
Arsénico , Basidiomycota , Metales Pesados , Micorrizas , Oryza , Humanos , Fósforo/metabolismo , Oryza/metabolismo , Metales Pesados/metabolismo , Micorrizas/metabolismo , Productos Agrícolas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo
16.
PLoS Comput Biol ; 20(3): e1011891, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38466752

RESUMEN

Recent developments in experimental techniques have enabled simultaneous recordings from thousands of neurons, enabling the study of functional cell assemblies. However, determining the patterns of synaptic connectivity giving rise to these assemblies remains challenging. To address this, we developed a complementary, simulation-based approach, using a detailed, large-scale cortical network model. Using a combination of established methods we detected functional cell assemblies from the stimulus-evoked spiking activity of 186,665 neurons. We studied how the structure of synaptic connectivity underlies assembly composition, quantifying the effects of thalamic innervation, recurrent connectivity, and the spatial arrangement of synapses on dendrites. We determined that these features reduce up to 30%, 22%, and 10% of the uncertainty of a neuron belonging to an assembly. The detected assemblies were activated in a stimulus-specific sequence and were grouped based on their position in the sequence. We found that the different groups were affected to different degrees by the structural features we considered. Additionally, connectivity was more predictive of assembly membership if its direction aligned with the temporal order of assembly activation, if it originated from strongly interconnected populations, and if synapses clustered on dendritic branches. In summary, reversing Hebb's postulate, we showed how cells that are wired together, fire together, quantifying how connectivity patterns interact to shape the emergence of assemblies. This includes a qualitative aspect of connectivity: not just the amount, but also the local structure matters; from the subcellular level in the form of dendritic clustering to the presence of specific network motifs.


Asunto(s)
Neuronas , Tálamo , Neuronas/fisiología , Simulación por Computador , Potenciales de Acción/fisiología , Sinapsis/fisiología , Red Nerviosa/fisiología , Modelos Neurológicos
17.
Curr Biol ; 34(5): R209-R211, 2024 Mar 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471452

RESUMEN

In many species, metabolic and reproductive functions are coupled to the seasons. Tanycytes, specialized glial cells in the hypothalamus, play an important function in these physiological changes. A new study now shows that light exposure drastically alters the formation of sensory cilia on tanycytes.


Asunto(s)
Células Ependimogliales , Hipotálamo , Células Ependimogliales/metabolismo , Estaciones del Año , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Neuroglía/metabolismo , Biología
18.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(3): 1665-1673, 2024 Mar 08.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471878

RESUMEN

Changes in soil nitrogen components in tea gardens affect the soil nitrogen supply capacity and nitrogen cycle. In this study, soil samples were collected from forest land, cultivated land, and tea gardens with different plantation ages (30, 50, and 70 years) to explore the changes in soil nitrogen components and their relationship with physicochemical properties and enzyme activities. The results showed that:① with the increase in tea plantation age, the silt, total phosphorus, and urease and catalase activities gradually increased, whereas the sand, clay, pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon, and the activities of invertase gradually decreased. The alkaline phosphatase activity increased first and then decreased with the increase in tea plantation age, and no significant differences were observed in soil water content and acid phosphatase activity. ② With the increase in tea plantation age, the contents of acid ammonia nitrogen, amino acid nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) increased significantly, and the contents of total nitrogen, acid ammonia nitrogen, hydrolyzable unknown nitrogen, and non-hydrolyzable nitrogen in tea gardens were significantly higher than those in forest land. ③ The total phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and urease were the main factors affecting soil nitrogen components. Among them, organic nitrogen components were significantly correlated with total phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase, and inorganic nitrogen components were significantly correlated with alkaline phosphatase, whereas total nitrogen had significant correlations with sand, silt, total phosphorus, urease, and alkaline phosphatase.


Asunto(s)
Fosfatasa Alcalina , Suelo , Suelo/química , Arena , Nitrógeno/análisis , Carbono , Ureasa , Amoníaco , Fósforo/análisis , , Microbiología del Suelo , China
19.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(2): 929-939, 2024 Feb 08.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471931

RESUMEN

The effects of biochar application on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions in a typical rice-vegetable rotation system in Hainan after two years were investigated. The aim was to clarify the long-term effects of biochar on greenhouse gas emissions under this model, and it provided a theoretical basis for N2O and CH4 emission reduction in rice-vegetable rotation systems in tropical regions of China. Four treatments were set up in the field experiment, including no nitrogen fertilizer control (CK); nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer (CON); nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer combined with 20 t·hm-2 biochar (B1); and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer combined with 40 t·hm-2 biochar (B2). The results showed that: ① compared with that in the CON treatment, the B1 and B2 treatments significantly reduced N2O emissions by 32% and 54% in the early rice season (P < 0.05, the same below), but the B1 and B2 treatments significantly increased N2O emissions by 31% and 81% in the late rice season. The cumulative emissions of N2O in the pepper season were significantly higher than those in the early and late rice seasons, and the B1 treatment significantly reduced N2O emissions by 35%. There was no significant difference between the B2 and CON treatments. ② Compared with that in the CON treatment, B1 and B2 significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 63% and 65% in the early rice season, and the B2 treatment significantly increased CH4 emissions by 41% in the late rice season. There was no significant difference between the B1 and CON treatments. There was no significant difference in cumulative CH4 emissions between treatments in the pepper season. ③ The late rice season contributed to the main global warming potential (GWP) of the rice-vegetable rotation system, and CH4 emissions determined the magnitude of GWP and greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI). After two years of biochar application, B1 reduced the GHGI of the whole rice-vegetable rotation system, and B2 increased the GHGI and reached a significant level. However, the B1 and B2 treatments significantly reduced GHGI in the early rice season and pepper season, and only the B2 treatment increased GHGI in the late rice season. ④ Compared with that in the CON treatment, the B1 and B2 treatments significantly increased the yield of early rice by 33% and 51%, and the B1 and B2 treatments significantly increased the yield of pepper season by 53% and 81%. In the late rice season, there was no significant difference in yield except for in the CK treatment without nitrogen fertilizer. The results showed that the magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions in the tropical rice-vegetable rotation system was mainly determined by CH4 emissions in the late rice season. After two years of biochar application, only low biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer had a significant emission reduction effect, but high and low biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer increased the yield of early rice and pepper crops continuously.


Asunto(s)
Carbón Orgánico , Gases de Efecto Invernadero , Oryza , Gases de Efecto Invernadero/análisis , Agricultura/métodos , Fertilizantes/análisis , Suelo , Nitrógeno , China , Metano/análisis , Óxido Nitroso/análisis , Fósforo , Verduras , Potasio
20.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(2): 898-908, 2024 Feb 08.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471928

RESUMEN

Magnetic phosphorous biochar (MPBC) was prepared from Camellia oleifera shells using phosphoric acid activation and iron co-deposition. The materials were characterized and analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), specific surface area and pore size analysis (BET), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). MPBC had a high surface area (1 139.28 m2·g-1) and abundant surface functional groups, and it could achieve fast solid-liquid separation under the action of an external magnetic field. The adsorption behavior and influencing factors of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in water were investigated. The adsorbent showed excellent adsorption properties for SMX under acidic and neutral conditions, and alkaline conditions and the presence of CO32- had obvious inhibition on adsorption. The adsorption process conformed to the quasi-second-order kinetics and Langmuir model. The adsorption rate was fast, and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 356.49 mg·g-1. The adsorption process was a spontaneous exothermic reaction, and low temperature was beneficial to the adsorption. The adsorption mechanism was mainly the chemisorption of pyrophosphate surface functional groups (C-O-P bond) between the SMX molecule and MPBC and also included hydrogen bonding, π-π electron donor-acceptor (π-πEDA) interaction, and a pore filling effect. The development of MPBC adsorbent provides an effective way for resource utilization of waste Camellia oleifera shells and treatment of sulfamethoxazole wastewater.


Asunto(s)
Sulfametoxazol , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Sulfametoxazol/química , Adsorción , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Agua , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Carbón Orgánico/química , Fósforo , Cinética , Fenómenos Magnéticos
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