Producción científica estudiantil en revistas odontológicas peruanas durante el periodo 2012 al 2017 / Student scientific production in Peruvian dental journals during the period 2012 to 2017

INTRODUCCIÓN: Publicar artículos científicos desde el pregrado permite al estudiante consolidar el proceso de investigación a través de los canales formales de comunicación científica. OBJETIVO: Describir la producción científica de los artículos con presencia estudiantil en revistas odontológicas peruanas en el periodo comprendido entre los años 2012 y 2017. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo que evaluó los artículos de las revistas científicas indizadas: Odontología Sanmarquina, Estomatología Herediana, Kiru y Visión Dental. En cada artículo se analizó: participación estudiantil, autoría, universidad de origen, temática del artículo, tipo de artículo e índice de citación. RESULTADOS: De un total de 500 artículos, el 9,6% (48) presentaron participación estudiantil y un promedio de 2,48 ± 1,76 estudiantes por artículo publicado. El 56,25% de las publicaciones con presencia estudiantil correspondieron a artículos originales. En un 43,75% de artículos, los estudiantes fueron los autores principales; en el 22,9% de artículos, la principal temática fue la relacionada con la Educación Dental, seguida de la temática de Cirugía Bucomaxilofacial y Rehabilitación Oral. CONCLUSIÓN: La producción científica estudiantil en las revistas odontológicas peruanas es baja y se concentra principalmente en los artículos originales

INTRODUCTION: Publishing scientific articles from undergraduates enables the student to consolidate the research process through formal channels of scientific communication. OBJECTIVE: Describing the scientific production of articles with student participation in Peruvian dental journals in the period between 2012 and 2017. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive study that evaluated the articles of the journals: Sanmarquina Dentistry, Herediana Stomatology, Kiru and Dental Vision. An analysis was performed on each article, including student participation, authorship, university of origin, topic of the article, type of article, and citation index. RESULTS: Out of a total of 500 articles, 9.6% (48) had student participation, with a mean of 2.48 ± 1.76 students per article. Just over half (56.25%) corresponded to original articles. The students were the main authors in 43.75% of the articles. In 22.9% of these articles, the main topic was related to Dental Education, followed by Buccomaxillofacial Surgery and Oral Rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: Student scientific production in Peruvian dental journals is low, and mainly concentrates on original articles

A New GPS SNR-based Combination Approach for Land Surface Snow Depth Monitoring.

Snow is not only a critical storage component in the hydrologic cycle but also an important data for climate research; however, snowfall observations are only sparsely available. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) has recently been applied for sensing snow depths. Most studies only consider either global positioning system (GPS) L1 or L2 SNR data. In the current study, a new snow depth estimation approach is proposed using multipath reflectometry and SNR combination of GPS triple frequency (i.e. L1, L2 and L5) signals. The SNR combination method describes the relationship between antenna height variation and spectral peak frequency. Snow depths are retrieved from the SNR combination data at YEL2 and KIRU sites and validated by comparing it with in situ observations. The elevation angle ranges from 5° to 25°. The correlations for the two sites are 0.99 and 0.97. The performance of the new approach is assessed by comparing it with existing models. The proposed approach presents a high correlation of 0.95 and an accuracy (in terms of Root Mean Square Error) improvement of over 30%. Findings indicate that the new approach could potentially be applied to monitor snow depths and may serve as a reference for building multi-system and multi-frequency global navigation satellite system reflectometry models.

Productividad científica de revistas odontológicas peruanas. Evaluación de los últimos 10 años / Scientific productivity of Peruvian dental journals. Evaluation of the past 10 years

La productividad de una revista evalúa la cantidad de artículos publicados por institución, autoría, nacionalidad, etc. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el desarrollo de la producción científica peruana en el área odontológica de 3 revistas (Odontología sanmarquina, Kiru y Estomatológica herediana) en el periodo comprendido entre el 2005 y el 2014. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio bibliométrico que evaluó los artículos según el Open Journal System de cada revista en un periodo de 10 años de publicación. Se analizaron las variables de productividad por año, calidad de los artículos y principal temática de publicación. RESULTADOS: De un total de 662 artículos, el 41,5% provinieron de la revista Estomatológica herediana, el 28,2% de Kiru y el 30,2% de Odontología sanmarquina (p < 0,05). El 61% correspondieron a estudios observacionales, el 19% a revisiones, el 14,7% a estudios experimentales y un 5,3% fueron ensayos clínicos. El 39,42% de publicaciones correspondieron a las relacionadas con las ciencias básicas, siendo las de mayor prevalencia. CONCLUSIÓN: La mayor productividad fue realizada por la revista Estomatológica herediana; la calidad de las publicaciones correspondió principalmente a estudios observacionales, siendo la mayoría de los artículos relativos a las ciencias básicas

The productivity of a journal assesses the number of articles published by, institution, authorship, nationality, etc. This study aimed to analyse the development of the Peruvian scientific production in the dental area of three journals (Odontología sanmarquina, Kiru y Estomatológica herediana) in the period between 2005 and 2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A bibliometric study was designed to assess the articles according the Open Journal System of each journal over a period of 10 years of publication. The variables of productivity per year, quality, and main publishing topic were analysed. RESULTS: Out of a total of 662 articles assessed, 41.5% came from the journal Estomatológica herediana, 28.2% from Kiru, and 30.2% from Odontología sanmarquina (P<.05). There were 61% observational studies, 19% reviews, 14.7% experimental studies, and 5.3% were clinical trials. The most prevalent (39.42%) were articles related to basic science. CONCLUSION: Higher productivity was observed by the journal Estomatológica herediana. The quality of publications corresponded mainly to observational studies, and the majority of articles were related to basic science

Early Childhood Dental Caries, Mouth Pain, and Malnutrition in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region.

Malnutrition and dental caries in early childhood remain persistent and intertwined global health challenges, particularly for indigenous and geographically-remote populations. To examine the prevalence and associations between early childhood dental caries, parent-reported mouth pain and malnutrition in the Amazonian region of Ecuador, we conducted a cross-sectional study of the oral health and nutrition status of 1407 children from birth through age 6 in the "Alli Kiru" program (2011-2013). We used multivariate regression analysis to examine relationships between severe caries, parent-reported mouth pain measures, and nutritional status. The prevalence of dental caries was 65.4%, with 44.7% of children having deep or severe caries, and 33.8% reporting mouth pain. The number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) increased dramatically with age. Malnutrition was prevalent, with 35.9% of children stunted, 1.1% wasted, 7.4% underweight, and 6.8% overweight. As mouth pain increased in frequency, odds for severe caries increased. For each unit increase in mouth pain frequency interfering with sleeping, children had increased odds for being underweight (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.27; 95% CI: 1.02-1.54) and decreased odds for being overweight (AOR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.58-0.97). This relationship was most pronounced among 3-6 year-olds. Early childhood caries, mouth pain and malnutrition were prevalent in this sample of young children. Parent-reported mouth pain was associated with severe caries, and mouth pain interfering with sleeping was predictive of poor nutritional status. We demonstrate the utility of a parsimonious parent-reported measure of mouth pain to predict young children's risk for severe early childhood caries and malnutrition, which has implications for community health interventions.

Graphene kirigami.

For centuries, practitioners of origami ('ori', fold; 'kami', paper) and kirigami ('kiru', cut) have fashioned sheets of paper into beautiful and complex three-dimensional structures. Both techniques are scalable, and scientists and engineers are adapting them to different two-dimensional starting materials to create structures from the macro- to the microscale. Here we show that graphene is well suited for kirigami, allowing us to build robust microscale structures with tunable mechanical properties. The material parameter crucial for kirigami is the Föppl-von Kármán number γ: an indication of the ratio between in-plane stiffness and out-of-plane bending stiffness, with high numbers corresponding to membranes that more easily bend and crumple than they stretch and shear. To determine γ, we measure the bending stiffness of graphene monolayers that are 10-100 micrometres in size and obtain a value that is thousands of times higher than the predicted atomic-scale bending stiffness. Interferometric imaging attributes this finding to ripples in the membrane that stiffen the graphene sheets considerably, to the extent that γ is comparable to that of a standard piece of paper. We may therefore apply ideas from kirigami to graphene sheets to build mechanical metamaterials such as stretchable electrodes, springs, and hinges. These results establish graphene kirigami as a simple yet powerful and customizable approach for fashioning one-atom-thick graphene sheets into resilient and movable parts with microscale dimensions.

Hábitos de lectura y estudio y su relación con el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de odontología de una universidad peruana / Habits of reading and study and its relationship to academic achievement in dental students of a peruvian university

Objetivo. Determinar los hábitos de lectura y de estudio y su relación con el rendimiento académico en alumnos de odontología. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo y transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 108 alumnosmatriculados en internado hospitalario de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de San Martín de Porres. Los hábitos de estudio fueron evaluados mediante el inventario de Gilbert Wrenn. Para evaluar los hábitos de lectura se empleó una encuesta de diez preguntas, con opciones para marcar. La relación entre los hábitos de estudio y el rendimiento académico se determinó mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados. Respecto al hábito de lectura, se encontró que la mayoría refiere leer solo en forma ocasional. Este hábito fue inculcado principalmente en el colegio o la niñez, y los lugares más frecuentes de lectura son la casa y durante los viajes. Los temas de lectura más frecuentes son hobbies, ficción y textos complementarios de estudio. Como factores que influyen en los bajos índices de lectura en nuestro país, la mayoría señaló el poco interés por la lectura, preferencia por otras alternativas y poca estimulación en etapa escolar. Respecto a hábitos de estudio, el análisis global encontró que la mayoría presentó un nivel bajo (62,0%). No se encontró relación entre los hábitos de estudio y el rendimiento académico (p: 0,89). Conclusiones. La mayoría de estudiantes de odontología presentó deficientes hábitos de lectura y de estudio. No se encontró relación entre los hábitos de estudio y el rendimiento académico.

Objective. To determine the habits of reading and study and its relationship to academic achievement in dental students. Material and methods. Observational, descriptive and cross study. The sample consisted of 108 students registered in internado hospitalario of the Faculty of Dentistry of the San Martin de Porres University. The habits of study were evaluated by means of Gilbert WrennÆs inventory. To evaluate the habits of reading a survey of 10 questions, with options to mark was used. The relationship between study habits and academic performance was determined by means of the SpearmanÆs correlation coefficient. Results. Regarding to thereading habit, it was found that the majority recounts to read only in occasional form. This habit was inculcated principally at schoolor childhood, and the most frequent places of reading are at home and during a travel. The most frequent topics of reading are hobbies, fiction and complementary texts of study. As factors influencing the low levels of reading in our country, most indicated little interest for the reading, preference for other alternatives and few stimulation in school stage. Regarding to study habits, global analysis found that most presented a low level (62.0%). No relationship was found between study habits and academic achievement (P:0.89). Conclusions. The majority of dental students presented deficient habits of reading and study. No relationship was found between study habits and academic achievement. KIRU. 2015;12(1):19-27.

Conocimientos y actitudes sobre bioseguridad en estudiantes de odontología de una universidad peruana / Knowledge and attitudes on biosecurity in dental students of a peruvian university

Evaluar el efecto de una capacitación educativa sobre bioseguridad en estudiantes de Odontología. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de tipo cuasiexperimental, longitudinal y prospectivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 102 alumnos de Carielogía matriculados en el IV ciclo de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres, durante el segundo semestre académico del 2013. Se evaluó los conocimientos y actitudes sobre bioseguridad de los participantes. Seguidamente, los alumnos fueron divididos en un grupo de estudio de 48 alumnos que recibirían una charla educativa sobre los principios de bioseguridad y un grupo control de 54 alumnos que no recibiría la mencionada capacitación. Finalmente, se procedió a evaluarlos nuevamente, comparando los resultados de ambos grupos. Resultados. No se encontró diferencia significativa en el conocimiento del grupo de estudio al ser comparado antes y después de la capacitación (p=0,100). Respecto a las actitudes, la capacitación dio como resultado una mejora tanto en el grupo de estudio como en el control (p=0,000 en ambos casos); al compararse ambos grupos se observó que esta mejora fue mayor en el grupo de estudio (p=0,016). No se encontró relación entre los conocimientos y las actitudes de los estudiantes, tanto antes como después de la capacitación (p =0,734 y p =0,873 respectivamente). Conclusiones. La capacitación sobre bioseguridad no influyó significativamente en el nivel de conocimiento de los alumnos, manteniéndose en un nivel ôregularõ. Respecto a las actitudes, ambos grupos pasaron de ôregularõ a ôbuenoõ, esta mejora fue mayor en el grupo de estudio. No se encontró correlación entre los conocimientos y las actitudes de los estudiantes...

Objective. To evaluate the effect of an educational training on biosecurity in dental students. Materials and methods. The study was quasi-experimental, longitudinal and prospective. The sample consisted of 102 students enrolled on the course of caries in the fourth cycle of the Faculty of Dentistry at the San Martin de Porres University, during the second semester of 2013. The initial assessment of knowledge and attitudes on biosafety of all participants was made .Then the students were divided into a study group of 48 students who receive training on the principles of biosecurity and another control group of 54 students who did not receivethe above mentioned training. Finally we proceeded to evaluate again the knowledge and attitudes about biosecurity, comparing the results of both groups. Results. No significant difference was found in the knowledge of the study group when compared before andafter training (p=0.10). Regarding attitudes, training resulted in an improvement in both the study group and the control (p=0.00 in both cases); comparing both groups, it was observed that the improvement was greater in the study group (p=0.02). No relationship between knowledge and attitudes of students, before and after training was found (p=0.73 and p=0.87 respectively). Conclusions. The educational intervention on biosecurity did not influence significantly the level of knowledge of the students, being kept in a ôregularõ level. Regarding attitudes, both groups passed from a ôregularõ to a ôgoodõ level, being this improvement greater in the study group. No relationship between knowledge and attitudes of students was found. KIRU. 2014;11(1):39-45...

Estudio bibliométrico de los articulos publicados en la revista odontológica de la una universidad peruana / Bibliometric study of articles published in the dental journal of a peruvian university

Evaluar todos los art¡culos publicados en la revista odontol¢gica KIRU de la FO-USMP. Material y m‚todos. El estudio fue descriptivo, transversal, evaluando cada art¡culo por medio de la ficha de recolecci¢n de datos. Resultados. El  rea de inter‚s mayoritario fue la de cirug¡a maxilofacial con una frecuencia de 17 (15,7%) y en segundo lugar la periodoncia con una frecuencia de 16 (14,8 %). El dise¤o de estudio m s empleado es el ensayo cl¡nico no aleatorizado con una frecuencia de 24 (22,2%). En relaci¢n al a¤o de publicaci¢n, el a¤o 2004 y el 2009 fueron los que m s art¡culos se publicaron con una frecuencia de 17 (15,7%). La mayor¡a de revistas tiene siete art¡culos por revista, con una frecuencia de 49 (45,4%). El n£mero de autores por art¡culo que predomina es de un autor, con una frecuencia de 57 (52,8%). La mayor¡a de personas que publican un art¡culo tienen grado de cirujano dentista y docente con una frecuencia de 47 (43,6%). Conclusiones. Se debe incrementar la investigaci¢n en el  rea de ciencias b sicas, as¡ como la participaci¢n del estudiante universitario.

To evaluate all articles published in the journal of dentistry Kiru of the FO-USMP. Material and methods. The study wasdescriptive, transversal, evaluating each article through the data collection sheet. Results. The area of interest more focused is maxillofacialsurgery at a frequency of 17 (15,7%) and second was periodontics with a frequency of 16 (14,8%). The study design most usedis the non-randomized clinical trial with a frequency of 24 (22, 2%). In relation to the publication year 2004 and 2009 were the year thatmost articles were published at a frequency of 17 (15, 7%) The majority of journals have 7 articles per journal with a frequency of 49(45,4%). The number of authors per article is predominantly one author with a frequency of 57 (52,8%) The majority of people who havepublished a paper have the degree of dental surgeon and professor with a frequency of 47 (43,6%). Conclusions. Research in basicscience must be increased as well as the participation of university students.

[The influence of fluothane and hexobarbital on the cerebral cortex and spinal cord centers]. / Bliianie ftorotana i Geksenala na kiru bol'shikh polusharii i tsentry shinnogo mozga.

Tests set up on 17 cats demonstrated by using methods of evoked potentials that the reflex activity of the spinal cord centers is inhibited after introduction of 2.3 +/- 0.2 ml of fluothane, whereas the functional performance capacity of the large hemispheres cortex is suppressed following administration of 3,2 +/- 0,8 ml of the drug. The restitution of excitability and conductivity of the cortex in the post-anesthetization period proceeds at the rate 1.7 times faster than the restoration of the spinal cord centers. With deepening of the hexobarbital anesthesia complete inhibition of the spinal reflex activity supervenes after introduction of 56.3 +/- 12.3 ml/kg and that of the cortex following introduction of 115.0 +/- 23.2 ml/kg of hexobarbital.