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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38425195

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with at least one STI (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT], Neisseria gonorrhoeae [NG], Trichomonas vaginalis [TV], and Mycoplasma genitalium [MG]) in Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the pilot implementation of the National Service for molecular diagnosis of CT, NG, TV, and MG in pregnancy. We obtained Ministry of Health surveillance data from the implementation project. Data encompassing pregnant women aged 15-49 years from public antenatal clinics in Brazil in 2022 were included. RESULTS: A total of 2728 data of pregnant women were analyzed. The prevalence of at least one infection was 21.0% (573), with the highest prevalence in the Southeast region (23.3%) and the lowest in the Center-West region (15.4%). The prevalence of CT was 9.9% (270), NG 0.6% (16), TV 6.7% (184), and MG 7.8% (212). Factors associated with any infection were from 15 to 24 years (AOR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.58-2.35); reported family income up to US$400 (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.03-3.34); declared not living maritally with their partners (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.52-2.37) and had more than one sexual partner in their lifetime (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.55-2.86). CONCLUSION: This study showed a high prevalence of at least one STI among pregnant women in Brazil, particularly among younger women. It also provides up-to-date national data on CT, NG, TV, and MG infections in this population. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing access to STI screening for young pregnant women within the Brazilian public health system.

2.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38427148

RESUMO

Previous research indicates that youth exhibiting antisocial behavior are at risk for utilizing a disproportionate amount of health services compared to youth without these problems. The present study investigates whether being processed by the juvenile justice system and showing callous-unemotional (CU) traits independently predict health service utilization (medical and mental health service use and out-of-home placement) over and above the severity of antisocial behavior across adolescence. A total of 766 participants who had been arrested for the first time in adolescence provided data at ten appointments over a period of seven years. Results showed that self-reported antisocial behavior at the time of arrest predicted increased use of most health service use types over the next seven years (i.e. medicine prescriptions, tests for sexually transmitted infections, mental health service appointments, and out-of-home placements). All except prescription medication use remained significant when controlling for justice system processing and CU traits. Further, justice system processing added significantly to the prediction of medical service appointments. Whereas CU traits were associated with mental health service appointments and out-of-home placements, these did not remain significant when controlling for severity of antisocial behavior. These findings are consistent with prior research documenting the health care costs of antisocial behavior.

3.
J Travel Med ; 2024 Mar 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38438164

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and blood-borne viruses (BBVs) impose a global health and economic burden. International travellers facilitate the spread of infectious diseases, including STIs. Hence, this review assessed the prevalence/proportionate morbidity of travellers with STIs and sexually transmitted BBVs, and factors associated with the infection in this population. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINHAL, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception of the databases until November 2022. Published analytical observational studies reporting the prevalence/proportionate morbidity of travellers with STIs and factors associated with STIs by type of traveller (i.e. tourists, business travellers, students, visiting friends or relatives [VFRs], international truck drivers, backpackers, expatriates, and men who have sex with men [MSM]) were included. The selection of articles, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers. Meta-analyses were conducted for each STI by clinical presentation and type of traveller. RESULTS: Thirty-two studies (n = 387 731 travellers) were included, 19 evaluated the proportionate morbidity of STIs among symptomatic travellers, while 13 examined the prevalence of STIs in asymptomatic travellers. The highest proportionate morbidity was found among VFRs (syphilis, 1.67%; 95%CI:1.03-2.81%), backpackers (chlamydia trachomatis, 6.58%; 95%CI: 5.96-7.25%), and MSM (HIV [2.50%;95%CI:0.44-12.88%], gonorrhoea [4.17%;95%CI:1.1.5-13.98%], lymphogranuloma venereum [4.17%;95%CI:1.1.5-13.98%], and HAV [20.0%; 95% CI: 14.99-26.17%]). The highest prevalence of STIs among asymptomatic were found in MSM (HIV [25.94%;95%CI:22.21-30.05%] and HBV [24.90%; 95%CI:21.23-28.96%]) and backpackers (chlamydia trachomatis, 3.92%;95% CI:2.72-5.32%). Short duration of the trip (<1 month), not having pre-travel consultation, travelling to Southeast Asia, and being unvaccinated for HBV were identified as risk factors for STIs. CONCLUSION: Strategies to prevent STIs and sexually transmitted BBVs should be discussed at pretravel consultations and recommendations should be prioritized in high-risk groups of travellers, such as backpackers, VFRs, and MSMs. Additionally, healthcare providers should tailor recommendations for safe sex practices to individual travellers' unique needs.

4.
Sex Transm Dis ; 2024 Mar 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38430511

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Home-based self-collected dried blood spot (DBS) sampling could simplify sexual health and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care and reduce sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinic visits for men who have sex with men (MSM). We compared the performance of DBS to venipuncture collected blood samples to test four STIs and creatinine concentration. METHODS: We invited MSM clients of the Amsterdam STI clinic to participate. Routinely collected peripheral blood was tested for syphilis treponemal antibody (CLIA), HIV (HIV Ag/Ab), HCV (antibodies), HBV (HBsAg) and creatinine concentration. Participants received a home kit for DBS sampling, a return envelope and a questionnaire to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and usability of DBS, measured on 5-point Likert scales, 1 representing complete disagreement and 5 complete agreement. We assessed sensitivity and specificity of DBS versus peripheral blood-based testing. RESULTS: In 2020-21 we included 410 participants; 211 (51.5%) returned a completed DBS card, 117 (28.5%) returned a partially filled card and 82 (20%) did not return a card. The sensitivity for syphilis was 90.8% and the specificity 84.3%. For both HIV Ag/Ab and HBsAg the sensitivity and specificity were 100.0%. The sensitivity for HCV antibody was 80.0% and the specificity 99.2%. The DBS creatinine concentration was a mean of 5.3 µmol/L higher than in venipuncture obtained plasma. Participants' median willingness to take a future DBS was 4 [IQR 3 - 5]. DISCUSSION: DBS may be an acceptable method among MSM for STI testing and creatinine follow-up during PrEP use. However collecting enough blood on DBS cards was a challenge, and sensitivities for syphilis and HCV serology were too low.

5.
Sex Health ; 2024 Mar 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38432685

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The Black Caribbean population have a disproportionately high burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) compared with other ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to explore barriers to engagement with STI testing within a UK-based young adult Black Caribbean community. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 14 young adults from the Black Caribbean community and six sexual healthcare professionals. Data were analysed thematically. A focus group of five young adults was conducted to refine themes. RESULTS: Data analysis generated three themes: (1) culturally embedded stigma; (2) historically embedded mistrust; and (3) lack of knowledge. Perceived as 'dirty', particularly for females, infection with STIs was stigmatised by religious conceptions of 'purity' and shame. This presented challenges in terms of cultural acceptability of talking about STI testing with partners, friends, and family. Legacies of colonialism, medical racism and malpractice compromised young people's trust in medical intervention and confidentiality of data management. A lack of knowledge related to STIs and their treatment, and in how to access and perform STI tests further served as a barrier. Culturally tailored interventions targeting these factors and delivered by radio, podcasts and social media were highlighted as having potential to improve engagement with STI testing. DISCUSSION: Engagement with STI testing by young adults from the Black Caribbean community is impacted by historically and culturally embedded teachings, practices and beliefs inherited through generations. Targeting these factors within culturally tailored interventions may be effective for increasing STI-testing, and thus reducing rates of STI-infection in this population.

6.
Mil Psychol ; : 1-10, 2024 Mar 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38436987

RESUMO

Mission readiness is critical to the operational success of the United States (US) military and includes having a healthy and fit fighting force. Service members and their dependents have access to a wide range of sexual and reproductive health services with no out-of-pocket costs. Despite this access, negative outcomes such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancy persist. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with service members and stakeholders (e.g. medical providers). Interviews explored the individual, interpersonal, organizational, and institutional factors that inform sexual norms, behaviors, and healthcare experiences in the US military. Interview transcripts were coded manually; data were summarized for themes related to unique aspects of military culture and healthcare affecting sexual and reproductive health. Twenty-five (25) service members and 15 stakeholders completed interviews. Four themes emerged: 1) despite free access, both general and military-specific barriers to sexual and reproductive healthcare persist; 2) general and military-specific cultural norms apply to sexual behavior and care seeking; 3) sexual and reproductive health-related norms can be perceived as confusing and contradictory within the military; and 4) resources addressing sexual assault are ubiquitous in military settings, but resources addressing prevention of STIs and unintended pregnancy are limited. Both general and military-specific norms, behavior, and healthcare experiences need to be considered in clinical care, public health campaigns, and other efforts to promote sexual and reproductive health in military settings.

7.
Investig Clin Urol ; 65(2): 108-114, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38454819

RESUMO

The Korean Association of Urogenital Tract Infection and Inflammation (KAUTII) and the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency updated the guidelines for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine against sexually transmitted HPV infections in Korea to respond to changing epidemiologic trends, evolving scientific evidence, and advances in laboratory diagnostics and research. Main purpose and recommendation of vaccination against HPV are as follows: (1) the purpose of HPV vaccine is to reduce the risk of genital warts and HPV-related cancers including cervical and vulvar cancer, head and neck cancer, anal cancer, and penile cancer; (2) in Korea, bivalent (16, 18) vaccines, quadrivalent vaccines (6, 11, 16, 18), and 9-valent vaccines (6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58) are used depending on the type of HPV; (3) bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines are national immunizations targeting girls aged 11-12 years and low-income young females aged 18-26 years (age and range of inoculation: routinely administered at 11 or 12 years of age, 2 doses at 0 and 6 months for 12-14 years of age; for females aged 15-26 years, 3 doses depending on the type of vaccine; vaccination can be given to those aged up to 45 years through consultation with a clinician); (4) in the case of administering 2 doses, at least 5 months apart; in the case of administering 3 doses, it is recommended to keep 4 weeks between the 1st and 2nd doses, 12 weeks between the 2nd and 3rd doses, and 5 months between the 1st and 3rd doses; (5) immunocompromised patients such as those with HIV, malignant neoplasms, and autoimmune diseases, and those undergoing transplantation or immunosuppressive therapy should receive 3 doses. HPV vaccine is not recommended during pregnancy.


Assuntos
Infecções por Papillomavirus , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Masculino , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/complicações , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Vacinação , Inflamação , Papillomavirus Humano , República da Coreia/epidemiologia
8.
Investig Clin Urol ; 65(2): 115-123, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38454820

RESUMO

Non-gonococcal sexually transmitted infections (STIs) include chlamydia, syphilis, and chancroids. Chlamydia is the most common STI caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and is mainly transmitted through sexual intercourse or vertical transmission at birth. Although symptoms are mostly absent or mild, untreated chlamydial infections in females can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility due to the narrowing of fallopian tubes. Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum and is divided into phase I, phase II, latent syphilis, and phase III. The incidence of syphilis, including congenital syphilis, has significantly increased in the United States in recent years. The chronic status of this disease can significantly increase morbidity and potentially affect almost all body organs, which, in rare cases, can lead to death. Additionally, untreated maternal syphilis can lead to fetal death and fatal congenital infections in newborns. Chancroid is an STI caused by Haemophilus ducreyi, and its prevalence is gradually decreasing in Korea and worldwide. The symptoms include shallow genital ulcers with suppurative granulomatous inflammation and tender inguinal lymphadenopathy. Chancroids can be differentiated from syphilitic chancres based on their appearance. In contrast to painless chancres, chancroids are painful. Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, and Mycoplasma hominis are considered symbiotic bacteria. Infections caused by these bacteria are usually not considered STIs and do not require treatment unless they are suspected of being associated with infertility. This article presents the 2023 Korean STI guidelines for non-gonococcal bacterial infections.


Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas , Infertilidade , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Sífilis , Recém-Nascido , Feminino , Humanos , Sífilis/complicações , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/complicações , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Chlamydia trachomatis , Inflamação , República da Coreia
9.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 18(3): e0011954, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38466660

RESUMO

Schistosoma haematobium, the parasite that causes urogenital schistosomiasis, is widely prevalent in Tanzania. In addition to well-known effects on the urinary tract, S. haematobium also causes clinically- evident damage to the reproductive tract in approximately half of infected women, which is known as female genital schistosomiasis (FGS). FGS has major gynecologic and social consequences on women's reproductive health, yet little information is available regarding FGS in Tanzania. To cover that gap, we conducted the present scoping review to examine the epidemiology of FGS in Tanzania (both in the mainland and Zanzibar island) and to make recommendations for future work in this area. The available evidence from community-based and hospital-based retrospective studies indicates that FGS is a significant health problem in the country. Very few community-based studies have been reported from mainland Tanzania, and Zanzibar. Our review highlights the scarcity of efforts to address FGS in Tanzania and the need for additional community-based studies. The studies will help us understand the true burden of the disease nationwide, to assess the impact of praziquantel on FGS lesions, and to address social and mental health in relation to FGS. This review emphasizes integration of delivery of FGS related services in primary health care systems through the reproductive health clinics which covers sexually transmitted infections, HIV and cervical cancer screening. These actions are essential if this neglected gynecological disease is to be addressed in Tanzania.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Genitais Femininos , Esquistossomose Urinária , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Tanzânia/epidemiologia , Saúde Pública , Estudos Retrospectivos , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Genitália Feminina/parasitologia , Esquistossomose Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Esquistossomose Urinária/epidemiologia , Esquistossomose Urinária/diagnóstico , Schistosoma haematobium , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/parasitologia
10.
Clin Lab ; 70(3)2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38469784

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major health concerns worldwide. Recent data indicate a decline in prevalence in the Saudi population; however, there are no data on the prevalence in prisoners. This study is the first to investigate the prevalence of viral hepatitis in female inmates in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections and to assess the knowledge and attitudes related to these infections among inmates. METHODS: Inmates were interviewed using a pre-designed questionnaire, and their blood samples were tested for HBV and HCV infections using serology, PCR, and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of HBV infection in the study population was 4.4%. The age group > 25 years was predominantly affected; 11.1% of the infected cases were Saudi nationals, and 88.9% were non-Saudis. The prevalence of HCV infection was 2.4%. Among the studied variables, age and previous employment were significantly associated with positive HBV PCR, while conviction, knowledge about protection from sexually transmitted infections (STIs), knowledge about condom use for protection against STIs, and condom use for protection against STIs were significantly associated with HCV infection. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows higher HBV and HCV prevalence in the female prisoners in Briman prison compared to the general population. Uneducated prisoners, over 25 years old, and convicted of prostitution are more associated with both HBV and HCV infection. Future preventive plans should include screening new prisoners with these risk factors for HBV and HCV at the time of entry.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Hepatite B , Hepatite C , Prisioneiros , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Prisões , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/complicações , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/complicações , Vírus da Hepatite B , Hepacivirus , Prevalência , Infecções por HIV/complicações
11.
Head Neck ; 2024 Mar 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38477218

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Increased sexual activity is associated with higher human papillomavirus (HPV) rates; however, there is a lack of analysis comparing the sexual history of patients with HPV positive and HPV negative oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). METHODS: In this meta-analysis, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched for articles that included patients with OPC and reported information regarding HPV status and either history of oral sex, number of sexual partners, or sexually transmitted infections (STI). RESULTS: A total of 11 studies were included with 3296 patients with OPC. Patients with HPV positive OPC were more likely than patients with HPV negative OPC to report a history of oral sex (92%, 95% CI: 87.0-97.0 vs. 74.5%, 95% CI: 50.6-98.4, p < 0.0001), higher mean number of sexual partners (18.4 partners, 95% CI: 1.5-35.4 vs. 7.2 partners, 95% CI: 1.0-13.4, p < 0.0001), and more frequent history of STI (23.7%, 95% CI: 18.4-29.0 vs. 8.8%, 95% CI: 4.7-12.8, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to patients with HPV negative OPC, our analysis shows a larger proportion of patients with HPV positive OPC had participated in oral sex, had a higher number of sexual partners, and had a higher proportion of STI history.

12.
Cancer Control ; 31: 10732748241238629, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38462683

RESUMO

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a typical sexually transmitted disease that affects different epithelial cells and can cause a number of health problems. HPV is mainly spread through sexual contact and is extremely contagious, even in the absence of obvious symptoms. It is linked to a number of malignancies, such as oropharyngeal, cervical, anal, vulvar, vaginal, and cutaneous as well as anogenital and cutaneous warts. Different vaccines targeting various HPV virus strains have been produced to prevent HPV infections. Vaccines can help prevent HPV-related illnesses, but they cannot cure malignancies that have already been caused by HPV. But new developments in mRNA vaccines have shown potential in combating malignancies linked to HPV. mRNA vaccines stimulate the immune system to identify and attack particular proteins present in viruses or tumour cells. The efficacy of mRNA vaccines in preventing HPV-related malignancies has been shown in preliminary experiments in mice. Additionally, in clinical trials aimed at individuals with HPV-related head and neck malignancies, personalised mRNA vaccines in combination with immune checkpoint drugs have demonstrated encouraging results. Even though mRNA vaccines have drawbacks and restrictions such as immunogenicity and instability, further research and development in this area has a great deal of promise for developing effective therapies for HPV-related malignancies.


Assuntos
Infecções por Papillomavirus , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Feminino , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Papillomavirus/patologia , Vacinas de mRNA , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Papillomavirus Humano , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/uso terapêutico
13.
Res Sq ; 2024 Feb 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38464006

RESUMO

Background: Preliminary studies (e.g., pilot/feasibility studies) can result in misleading evidence that an intervention is ready to be evaluated in a large-scale trial when it is not. Risk of Generalizability Biases (RGBs, a set of external validity biases) represent study features that influence estimates of effectiveness, often inflating estimates in preliminary studies which are not replicated in larger-scale trials. While RGBs have been empirically established in interventions targeting obesity, the extent to which RGBs generalize to other health areas is unknown. Understanding the relevance of RGBs across health behavior intervention research can inform organized efforts to reduce their prevalence. Purpose: The purpose of our study was to examine whether RGBs generalize outside of obesity-related interventions. Methods: A systematic review identified health behavior interventions across four behaviors unrelated to obesity that follow a similar intervention development framework of preliminary studies informing larger-scale trials (i.e., tobacco use disorder, alcohol use disorder, interpersonal violence, and behaviors related to increased sexually transmitted infections). To be included, published interventions had to be tested in a preliminary study followed by testing in a larger trial (the two studies thus comprising a study pair). We extracted health-related outcomes and coded the presence/absence of RGBs. We used meta-regression models to estimate the impact of RGBs on the change in standardized mean difference (ΔSMD) between the preliminary study and larger trial. Results: We identified sixty-nine study pairs, of which forty-seven were eligible for inclusion in the analysis (k = 156 effects), with RGBs identified for each behavior. For pairs where the RGB was present in the preliminary study but removed in the larger trial the treatment effect decreased by an average of ΔSMD=-0.38 (range - 0.69 to -0.21). This provides evidence of larger drop in effectiveness for studies containing RGBs relative to study pairs with no RGBs present (treatment effect decreased by an average of ΔSMD =-0.24, range - 0.19 to -0.27). Conclusion: RGBs may be associated with higher effect estimates across diverse areas of health intervention research. These findings suggest commonalities shared across health behavior intervention fields may facilitate introduction of RGBs within preliminary studies, rather than RGBs being isolated to a single health behavior field.

15.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 982024 Mar 08.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38477553

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI), as their name suggests, are infections caused by more than thirty different bacteria, viruses, and parasites and are transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse, although some sexually transmitted infections can also transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth and lactation. According to World Health Organization, one of the main populations at risk for acquiring these diseases are sex workers and their clients. Due to the high prevalence, the characteristics and behaviors that favor the development of these diseases are analyzed. The main objective of this paper was to analyze the risk factors in the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases in the population of sex workers. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in Scopus, Pubmed, CINAHL, Medline, LILACS and IBECS, of observational, longitudinal and mixed methods studies conducted in sex workers and published between January 2011 and March 2021, with a final sample of fourty-three articles. The mixed methods assessment tool (MMAT) was used to assess the methodological quality of the papers. RESULTS: After analyzing the literature, eleven groups of risk factors related to the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases were obtained, these being economic factors, factors related to sexual practices, drug use, sex work, education, health problems, country of origin and mobility, partner, age, violence and other factors not belonging to the previous categories. CONCLUSIONS: Sex workers have numerous characteristics and behaviors that make them vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections. Of note are years of prostitution, drug use, number of partners and condom use, which are key factors for future prevention and intervention strategies, as well as research.


OBJETIVO: Las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS) son infecciones causadas por más de treinta bacterias, virus y parásitos diferentes, que se transmiten por contacto sexual, incluido el coito vaginal, anal o bucal, aunque algunas infecciones también pueden transmitirse de la madre al hijo durante el embarazo, el parto y la lactancia. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, una de las principales poblaciones de riesgo para la adquisición de estas infecciones son los/las trabajadores/as del sexo y sus clientes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los factores de riesgo en la adquisición de infecciones de transmisión sexual en la población de trabajadores/as del sexo. METODOS: Se realizó una revisión sistemática mediante búsqueda en Scopus, Pubmed, CINAHL, Medline, LILACS e IBECS, de estudios observacionales, longitudinales y mixtos realizados en trabajadores/as del sexo que fueron publicados entre enero de 2011 y marzo de 2021, obteniendo una muestra final de cuarenta y tres artículos. La herramienta de evaluación de métodos mixtos (mixed methods assessment tool) fue utilizada para evaluar la calidad metodológica de los trabajos. RESULTADOS: Después de analizar la bibliografía se obtuvieron once grupos de factores de riesgo relacionados con la adquisición de ITS, siendo estos factores económicos, relacionados con las prácticas sexuales, consumo de drogas, trabajo sexual, educación, problemas de salud, país de origen y movilidad, pareja, edad, violencia y otros factores no pertenecientes a las anteriores categorías. CONCLUSIONES: Las/os profesionales del sexo tienen numerosas características y comportamientos que les convierten en una población vulnerable a las ITS. Destacan los años ejerciendo la prostitución, el consumo de drogas, el número de parejas y el uso del preservativo, siendo estos factores clave para futuras estrategias de prevención e intervención, así como de investigación.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Profissionais do Sexo , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Gravidez , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Preservativos , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Espanha , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Comportamento Sexual , Fatores de Risco , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia
16.
Med J Aust ; 2024 Mar 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38479437

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP) involves consuming 200 mg of doxycycline up to 72 hours after a condomless sex act to reduce the risk of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Recent clinical trials of doxy-PEP have demonstrated significant reductions in syphilis, chlamydia and, to a lesser degree, gonorrhoea among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). There is a high level of interest in doxy-PEP in the GBMSM community and, in response, the Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine (ASHM) held a national consensus conference with the aim of creating preliminary guidance for clinicians, community, researchers and policy makers. MAIN RECOMMENDATIONS: There was broad agreement that doxy-PEP should be considered primarily for the prevention of syphilis in GBMSM who are at risk of this STI, with a secondary benefit of reductions in other bacterial STIs. At the end of the consensus process, there remained some disagreement, as some stakeholders felt strongly that doxy-PEP should be considered only for the prevention of syphilis in GBMSM, and that the risk of increasing antimicrobial resistance outweighed any potential benefit from reductions in other bacterial STIs in the target population. The national roundtable made several other recommendations for clinicians, community, researchers and policy makers, as detailed in this article. ASHM will support the development of detailed clinical guidelines and education materials on doxy-PEP (www.ashm.org.au/doxy-pep). CHANGES IN MANAGEMENT AS A RESULT OF THIS CONSENSUS STATEMENT: For GBMSM at high risk of syphilis, and perhaps other bacterial STIs, clinicians may consider prescribing doxy-PEP for a limited period of time, followed by a review of ongoing need. Unlike human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), doxy-PEP may not be suitable as a population-level intervention and should instead be used more selectively.

17.
Actas Dermosifiliogr ; 2024 Mar 11.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38479688

RESUMO

Sexually transmitted infections are communicable diseases where the pathogen is transmitted through sexual contact. The Sexually Transmitted Infections Working Group of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) is engaged in the drafting of documents to guide dermatologists and health care personnel who treat Spanish patients with these infections. This document analyzes the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and control characteristics of 2 sexually transmitted parasitosis: scabies due to Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, and pubic pediculosis due to Phthirus pubis. Both parasitoses share a sort of mixed spread through sexual and community transmission regardless of the route through which the infection was initially acquired. This specific feature creates particularities in the management and control of the infestation.

19.
J Glob Health ; 14: 04051, 2024 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38483443

RESUMO

Background: As the health status of a population is influenced by a variety of health determinants, we sought to assess their impact on health outcomes, both at the global and regional levels. Methods: This ecological study encompassed all 194 member countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) from 2000 to 2018. We first identified all health determinants and then retrieved the related data from various global databases. We additionally considered three indicators - disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLL), and years lived with disability (YLD) - in evaluating health outcomes; we extracted their data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. We then applied econometric analyses using a multilevel mixed-effects linear regression model. Results: The analysis using the DALY indicator showed that the variables of sexually transmitted infections, injuries prevalence, and urbanisation had the highest effect size or regression coefficients (ß) for health outcomes. The variables of sexually transmitted infection (ß = 0.75, P < 0.001) in the African region; drinking water (ß = -0.60, P < 0.001), alcohol use (ß = 0.20, P < 0.001), and drug use (ß = 0.05, P = 0.036) in the Americas region; urbanisation (ß = -0.34, P < 0.001) in the Eastern Mediterranean region; current health expenditure (ß = -0.21, P < 0.001) in the Europe region; injuries (ß = 0.65, P < 0.001), air pollution (ß = 0.29, P < 0.001), and obesity (ß = 0.92, P < 0.001) in the South-East Asia region; and gross domestic product (ß = -0.25, P < 0.001), education (ß = -0.90, P < 0.001), and smoking (ß = 0.28, P < 0.001) in the Western Pacific region had the most significant role in explaining global health outcomes. Except for the drug use variable in regional findings, the role of other variables in explaining the YLL indicator was greater than that of the YLD indicator. Conclusions: To address global health disparities and optimise resource allocation, global and interregional policymakers should focus on determinants that had the highest ß with health outcomes in each region compared to other regions. These determinants likely have a higher marginal health product, and investing in them is likely to be more cost-effective.


Assuntos
Poluição do Ar , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , População Negra , Carga Global da Doença
20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38490819

RESUMO

School-based health centers (SBHCs) provide a critical point of access to youth in low-resource communities. By providing a combination of primary care, reproductive health, mental health, vision, dental, and nutrition services, SBHCs improve the health, wellbeing, and academic achievement of the students they serve. SBHCs operate in collaboration with schools and community primary care providers to optimize the management of chronic health conditions and other health concerns that may result in suboptimal scholastic achievement and other quality of life measures. Conveniently located in or near school buildings and providing affordable, child- and adolescent-focused care, SBHCs reduce barriers to youth accessing high quality health care. SBHCs provide essential preventive care services such as comprehensive physical examinations and immunizations to students without a primary care provider, assist in the management of chronic health conditions such as asthma, and provide reproductive and sexual health services such as the provision of contraceptives, screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and management of pregnancy. Additionally, some SBHCs provide vision screenings, dental care, and nutrition counseling to students who may not otherwise access these services. SBHCs have been demonstrated to be a cost-effective model of health care delivery, reducing both health care and societal costs related to illness, disability, and lost productivity.

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