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Beneficios de la lactancia materna y riesgos de no amamantar / The benefits of breastfeeding and associated risks of replacement with baby formulas
Brahm, Paulina; Valdés, Verónica.
Affiliation
  • Brahm, Paulina; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Departamento de Medicina Familiar. CL
  • Valdés, Verónica; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Departamento de Medicina Familiar. CL
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 88(1): 7-14, 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-844581
Responsible library: BR1.1
RESUMEN
La lactancia materna (LM) es el alimento diseñado por la naturaleza para el recién nacido y el lactante, sin embargo su prevalencia actual no es la óptima. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la evidencia actualizada de los beneficios de la LM para el niño y la sociedad, y recordar los riesgos asociados al reemplazo de ésta con fórmulas lácteas. La lactancia ha demostrado ser un factor protector contra distintas enfermedades infectocontagiosas, del espectro atópico y cardiovasculares, así como contra la leucemia, enterocolitis necrotizante, enfermedad celíaca y enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales. Asimismo, tiene un impacto positivo en el neurodesarrollo, mejorando el coeficiente intelectual y pudiendo tener una disminución del riesgo de otras condiciones como el déficit atencional, trastorno generalizado del desarrollo y alteraciones de conducta. La LM puede prevenir un 13% de la mortalidad infantil en el mundo, y disminuye el riesgo de muerte súbita del lactante en un 36%. La lactancia implica un ahorro directo en el uso de fórmulas lácteas y mamaderas, e indirecto en costos de salud asociados, muertes prematuras y años de vida ajustados por calidad, entre otros. Además, es medioambientalmente amigable sin dejar trazas de huella de carbono en su producción y consumo. El uso de fórmulas lácteas y mamaderas tienen riesgos inherentes asociado, aumentan el riesgo de las alteraciones de la cavidad oral, tales como respiración bucal, maloclusión, alteración de la mordida y caries. Por último, la microbiota intestinal, la oxigenación y la termorregulación de los lactantes se ven afectadas negativamente por su uso.
ABSTRACT
Breastfeeding is the nourishment designed by nature for the newborn and the infant; however its prevalence is nowadays not optimal. The aim of this article is to review the current evidence of the benefits of breastfeeding for children and society, and to elaborate the risks associated with the replacement of lactation with baby formulas. Breastfeeding is a protective factor for several infectious, atopic, and cardiovascular diseases as well as for leukaemia, necrotising enterocolitis, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. It also has a positive impact on neurodevelopment, improving IQ and reducing the risk of attention deficit disorder, and generalised developmental and behavioural disorders. Lactation can decrease the risk of sudden infant deaths syndrome by 36% and prevent 13% of infant mortality worldwide. Breastfeeding result in direct saving on the use of infant formulas and bottles, and indirectly on associated health costs, premature deaths, and quality-adjusted life years, among others. In addition, breastfeeding is environmentally friendly; it does not leave an ecological footprint in its production and consumption. The use of baby formulas and bottles have inherent risks, because they increase the risk of oral diseases, such as mouth breathing, malocclusion, alteration of bite, and tooth decay. Finally, the intestinal microbiota, oxygenation, and thermoregulation of infants are negatively affected by their use.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / Neglected Diseases / SDG3 - Target 3.2 Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 Health problem: Target 3.1: Reduce maternal mortality / Target 3.2: Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 / Zoonoses / Environmental Health / Nutrition Database: LILACS Main subject: Breast Feeding / Infant Formula Type of study: Etiology study / Risk factors Aspects: Patient-preference Limits: Female / Humans / Infant / Infant, Newborn Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. pediatr Journal subject: Pediatrics Year: 2017 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile/CL

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / Neglected Diseases / SDG3 - Target 3.2 Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 Health problem: Target 3.1: Reduce maternal mortality / Target 3.2: Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 / Zoonoses / Environmental Health / Nutrition Database: LILACS Main subject: Breast Feeding / Infant Formula Type of study: Etiology study / Risk factors Aspects: Patient-preference Limits: Female / Humans / Infant / Infant, Newborn Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. pediatr Journal subject: Pediatrics Year: 2017 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile/CL
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