Parâmetros de monitoramento do estado nutricional de idosos em estado crítico: uma revisão integrativa / Parameters for nutritional status monitoring in critically ill older adults: an integrative review

RESUMO

Revisão integrativa realizada com a finalidade de identificar as ferramentas de triagem/avaliação nutricional do paciente idoso em estado crítico que constituem alternativas às limitações dos parâmetros tradicionais. Foram utilizadas quatro bases de dados e critérios de inclusão de artigos originais disponíveis na íntegra referentes à temática, em português e inglês, entre 2013 e 2017. As palavras-chave foram "elderly AND critical ill AND nutritional assessment" e "elderly AND intensive care AND nutritional assessment". Nove artigos foram selecionados e divididos entre os que utilizaram parâmetros nutricionais convencionais e alternativos. Observou-se, no final do desenvolvimento, a ausência de estudos que utilizaram a análise da bioimpedância elétrica (BIA) e foram incluídos na discussão os artigos viáveis à temática do trabalho, segundo as palavras-chave "bioelectrical impedance analysis", "bioelectrical impedance vectorial analysis", "phase angle" e "intensive care". Os estudos que utilizaram o escore Nutrition Risk in Critically ill (NUTRIC), que inclui os escores Acute Physiology and Chronic Health disease Classification System II (APACHE II) e Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), e os que utilizaram esses escores isoladamente apresentaram bons resultados. Apesar do valor final do SOFA ter se mantido o mesmo nos estudos incluídos neste trabalho, nota-se que esse instrumento pode ser promissor. Sugere-se a exploração de estudos que avaliem a utilização da BIA, em pacientes idosos graves, da qual derivam o ângulo de fase, a análise vetorial da bioimpedância elétrica (BIVA) e outros que avaliem o NUTRIC associado ao ângulo de fase e/ou BIVA, nos pacientes críticos com baixo nível de consciência e/ou edema

ABSTRACT

This integrative review was conducted to identify alternative tools for nutritional screening/evaluation of critically ill elderly patients that might overcome the limitations of traditional parameters. Four databases were searched. The criteria for inclusion were original articles, with full text available, published in Portuguese and English between 2013 and 2017. The search terms were "elderly AND critical ill AND nutritional assessment" and "elderly AND intensive care AND nutritional assessment". Nine articles were selected and divided between those using conventional and those using alternative nutritional parameters. At the end of the article selection stage, we found that none of the included studies used bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Thus, an additional search was conducted, using the keywords "bioelectrical impedance analysis", "bioelectrical impedance vector analysis", "phase angle", and "intensive care", and articles related to the topic of interest were included. Studies using the Nutrition Risk in Critical Ill (NUTRIC) score, which includes the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Classification System II (APACHE II) and Sepsisrelated Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, as well as those using either of these scores alone, presented good results. Although the final SOFA value remained the same in the studies included in this review, this instrument may be promising. We suggest that future research should explore the use of BIA (and its derived parameters, such as phase angle and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis ­ BIVA) and combinations of the NUTRIC score with phase angle and/or BIVA in critically ill elderly patients with decreased level of consciousness and/or edema