Near miss materno em unidade de terapia intensiva: aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos / Maternal near miss in the intensive care unit: clinical and epidemiological aspects

RESUMO

RESUMOObjetivos:Analisar o perfil clínico epidemiológico de mulheres com near miss materno segundo os novos critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde.Métodos:Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, tipo corte transversal, analisando- se os prontuários das pacientes admitidas na unidade de terapia intensiva obstétrica de um hospital terciário do Recife (Brasil), em um período de quatro anos. Foram incluídas as mulheres que apresentavam pelo menos um dos critérios de near miss. As variáveis estudadas foram idade, raça/cor, estado civil, escolaridade, procedência, número de gestações e consultas de pré-natal, complicações e procedimentos realizados, via de parto, idade gestacional no parto e critérios de near miss materno. A análise descritiva foi executada utilizando-se o programa Epi-Info 3.5.1.Resultados:Foram identificados 255 casos de near miss materno, totalizando uma razão de near miss materno de 12,8/1.000 nascidos vivos. Dentre esses casos, 43,2% das mulheres apresentavam ensino fundamental incompleto; 44,7% eram primigestas e 20,5% tinham realizado cesariana prévia. Quanto aos diagnósticos específicos, houve predominância dos distúrbios hipertensivos (62,7%), sendo que muitos deles foram complicados pela síndrome HELLP (41,2%). Os critérios laboratoriais de near miss foram os mais observados (59,6%), em função, principalmente, da elevada frequência de plaquetopenia aguda (32,5%).Conclusões:Evidenciou-se uma frequência elevada de mulheres com baixa escolaridade e primigestas. Com os novos critérios propostos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, os distúrbios hipertensivos da gestação continuam sendo os mais comuns entre os casos de near miss materno. Destaca-se ainda a elevada frequência da síndrome HELLP, o que contribuiu para que a trombocitopenia aguda fosse o critério mais frequente de near miss.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTObjective:To analyze the epidemiological clinical profile of women with maternal near miss according to the new World Health Organization criteria.Methods:A descriptive crosssectional study was conducted, in which the records of patients admitted to the obstetric intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in Recife (Brazil) over a period of four years were analyzed. Women who presented at least one near miss criterion were included. The variables studied were age, race/color, civil status, education, place of origin, number of pregnancies and prenatal consultations, complications and procedures performed, mode of delivery, gestational age at delivery, and maternal near miss criteria. The descriptive analysis was performed using the program Epi-Info 3.5.1.Results:Two hundred fifty-five cases of maternal near miss were identified, with an overall ratio of maternal near miss of 12.8/1,000 live births. Among these cases, 43.2% of the women had incomplete primary education, 44.7% were primiparous, and 20.5% had undergone a previous cesarean section. Regarding specific diagnoses, there was a predominance of hypertensive disorders (62.7%), many of which were complicated by HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) syndrome (41.2%). The laboratory near miss criteria were the most often observed (59.6%), due mainly to the high frequency of acute thrombocytopenia (32.5%).Conclusions:A high frequency of women who had a low level of education and who were primiparous was observed. According to the new criteria proposed by the World Health Organization, hypertensive pregnancy disorders are still the most common among maternal near miss cases. The high frequency of HELLP syndrome was also striking, which contributed to acute thrombocytopenia being the most frequent near miss criterion.