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Progress in reducing inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn,' and child health in Latin America and the Caribbean: an unfinished agenda / Avances en la reducción de las desigualdades en materia de salud reproductiva, materna, neonatal e infantil en América Latina y el Caribe: un programa inacabado
Restrepo-Méndez, María Clara; Barros, Aluísio J. D; Requejo, Jennifer; Durán, Pablo; Serpa, Luis Andrés de Francisco; França, Giovanny V. A; Wehrmeister, Fernando C; Victora, Cesar G.
Affiliation
  • Restrepo-Méndez, María Clara; Federal University of Pelotas. International Center for Equity in Health. Pelotas. BR
  • Barros, Aluísio J. D; Federal University of Pelotas. International Center for Equity in Health. Pelotas. BR
  • Requejo, Jennifer; Federal University of Pelotas. International Center for Equity in Health. Pelotas. BR
  • Durán, Pablo; Federal University of Pelotas. International Center for Equity in Health. Pelotas. BR
  • Serpa, Luis Andrés de Francisco; Federal University of Pelotas. International Center for Equity in Health. Pelotas. BR
  • França, Giovanny V. A; Federal University of Pelotas. International Center for Equity in Health. Pelotas. BR
  • Wehrmeister, Fernando C; Federal University of Pelotas. International Center for Equity in Health. Pelotas. BR
  • Victora, Cesar G; Federal University of Pelotas. International Center for Equity in Health. Pelotas. BR
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 38(1): 9-16, jul. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-761792
Responsible library: BR1.1
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

To expand the "Countdown to 2015" analyses of health inequalities beyond the 75 countries being monitored worldwide to include all countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) that have adequate data available.

METHODS:

Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys were used to monitor progress in health intervention coverage and inequalities in 13 LAC countries, five of which are included in the Countdown (Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala, Haiti, and Peru) and eight that are not (Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Suriname). The outcomes included neonatal and under-5 year mortality rates, child stunting prevalence, and the composite coverage index-a weighted average of eight indicators of coverage in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health. The slope index of inequality and concentration index were used to assess absolute and relative inequalities.

RESULTS:

The composite coverage index showed monotonic patterns over wealth quintiles, with lowest levels in the poorest quintile. Under-5 and neonatal mortality as well as stunting prevalence were highest among the poor. In most countries, intervention coverage increased, while under-5 mortality and stunting prevalence fell most rapidly among the poor, so that inequalities were reduced over time. However, Bolivia, Guatemala, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Peru still show marked inequalities. Brazil has practically eliminated inequalities in stunting.

CONCLUSIONS:

LAC countries presented substantial progress in terms of reducing inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health interventions, child mortality, and nutrition. However, the poorest 20% of the population in most countries is still lagging behind, and renewed actions are needed to improve equity.
RESUMEN

OBJETIVO:

Extender los análisis de la "Cuenta Regresiva para 2015" de las desigualdades en materia de salud más allá de los 75 países sometidos a vigilancia en todo el mundo para incluir a todos los países de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) que disponen de datos adecuados.

MÉTODOS:

Se utilizaron encuestas de demografía y salud y encuestas agrupadas de indicadores múltiples para vigilar el progreso de la cobertura de las intervenciones de salud y de las desigualdades en 13 países de ALC, 5 de ellos incluidos en la Cuenta Regresiva (Bolivia, Brasil, Guatemala, Haití y Perú) y 8 no incluidos (Belice, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, República Dominicana y Suriname). Los resultados incluyeron las tasas de mortalidad neonatal y en menores de 5 años, la prevalencia del retraso del crecimiento en niños y el índice compuesto de cobertura (un promedio ponderado de 8 indicadores de cobertura en materia de salud reproductiva, materna, neonatal e infantil. Para evaluar las desigualdades absolutas y relativas, se emplearon el índice de desigualdad de la pendiente y el índice de concentración.

RESULTADOS:

El índice compuesto de cobertura mostró patrones monotónicos en función de los quintiles de riqueza, con los niveles más bajos en el quintil más pobre. La mortalidad neonatal y en menores de 5 años, así como la prevalencia del retraso del crecimiento, fueron más elevadas entre los pobres. En la mayor parte de los países aumentó la cobertura de las intervenciones, mientras que la mortalidad en menores de 5 años y la prevalencia del retraso del crecimiento disminuyeron más rápidamente entre los pobres, de manera que las desigualdades se redujeron con el transcurso del tiempo. Sin embargo, en Bolivia, Guatemala, Haití, Nicaragua y Perú aún se observan marcadas desigualdades. Brasil prácticamente ha eliminado las desigualdades en cuanto a retraso del crecimiento.

CONCLUSIONES:

Los países de ALC mostraron avances considerables en la reducción de las desigualdades con respecto a las intervenciones de salud reproductiva, materna, neonatal e infantil, y en materia de mortalidad y nutrición infantil. Sin embargo, el 20% más pobre de la población en la mayor parte de los países sigue quedándose a la zaga, y son necesarias iniciativas renovadas para mejorar la equidad.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: SDG3 - Target 3.8 Achieve universal access to health / Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas / SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / SDG3 - Target 3.2 Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 Health problem: Multisectoral Coordination / Goal 1 Equitable access to health services / Goal 11: Inequalities and inequities in health / Target 3.8 Achieve universal access to health / Target 3.1: Reduce maternal mortality / Target 3.2: Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 / Target 3.7: Universal access to health services related to reproductive and sexual health / Nutrition Database: LILACS Main subject: Reproductive Health Services / Reproductive Health / Health Services Accessibility Type of study: Risk factors Aspects: Social determinants of health / Equity and inequality Language: English Journal: Rev. panam. salud pública Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2015 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Federal University of Pelotas/BR

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: SDG3 - Target 3.8 Achieve universal access to health / Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas / SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / SDG3 - Target 3.2 Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 Health problem: Multisectoral Coordination / Goal 1 Equitable access to health services / Goal 11: Inequalities and inequities in health / Target 3.8 Achieve universal access to health / Target 3.1: Reduce maternal mortality / Target 3.2: Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 / Target 3.7: Universal access to health services related to reproductive and sexual health / Nutrition Database: LILACS Main subject: Reproductive Health Services / Reproductive Health / Health Services Accessibility Type of study: Risk factors Aspects: Social determinants of health / Equity and inequality Language: English Journal: Rev. panam. salud pública Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2015 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Federal University of Pelotas/BR
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