Perfil clínico y poblacional de pacientes con vértigo. Clínica Occidente de Otorrinolaringología, Medellín, Colombia / Clinical profile and population of patients with vertigo at Clínica Occidente de Otorrinolaringología, Medellín, Colombia

RESUMEN

El vértigo y mareo ocupan el 20-30% de la consulta general, predominantemente adultos mayores. En Colombia no hay estudios sobre las características de los pacientes con alteraciones del equilibrio y en la literatura mundial son escasos. El diagnóstico y tratamiento pueden lograrse con una historia clínica detallada y examen otoneurológico enfocado. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y sociodemográficas de los pacientes de la consulta de Vértigo y alteraciones del Equilibrio de la Clínica Occidente de Otorrinolaringología (Medellín, Colombia) durante 01/10/2010- 31/03/2013. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo con pacientes ≥18 años de la consulta. Las principales variables fueron sexo, edad, características clínicas y mejoría. Resultados: Se obtuvieron datos de 134 pacientes, con edad media de 57.43 años, 76.9% mujeres. 85.8% refirieron vértigo, 68.7% desequilibrio y 46.3% sensación de cabeza abombada. La mediana del tiempo de evolución fue 36 meses (P256, P75120). 53% usó vestibulosupresores ≥3 meses antes de consultar y 81.3% en los tres meses previos. Los diagnósticos definitivos fueron vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno 38.8%, vértigo asociado a vestibulosupresores 25.4%, vértigo asociado a migraña 7.5%, enfermedad de Ménière 5.2% y otros 23.1%. 71.6% suspendieron los vestibulosupresores. Conclusiones: El sexo femenino es predominante. Fue frecuente...

ABSTRACT

Vertigo and dizziness are 20-30% of primary care clinic visits, predominantly among older adults. There are a few of papers published about clinical characteristics of individuals with balance disorders. In Colombia there is no data about this issue. A good anamnesis and othoneurologic examination is enough to achieve the diagnosis and treatment in most cases. Objective. To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in outpatients with vertigo at Clínica Occidente de Otorrinolaringología (Medellin, Colombia) during 01/10/2010-31/03/2013. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study was performed with patients ≥18th years with vertigo and balance disorders, determining variables including sex, age, clinical characteristics and symptoms improvement. Results. 134 patients were included. The main age was 57.43 years. Most patients were female (76.9%), 85.8% referred vertigo, 68.7% balance disorders and 46.3% head fullness sensation. The median time of symptomatology was 36 months (P256, P75120). 53% consumed vestibular suppressants ≥3 months before consultation, 81.3% used them <3 months before. Diagnoses were benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (38.8%), vestibular suppressants-associated vertigo (25.4%), migraine-associated vertigo (7.5%), Meniere’s disease (5.2%), and other disorders (23.1%). 71.6% discontinued vestibular suppressant drugs. Conclusions. Vertigo is more common in women. The most frequent diagnoses were benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and vestibular suppressants-associated vertigo, whose most common symptom was balance disorder in contrast to other diagnoses in which it was vertigo. Chronic progression was frequent as well as using vestibular suppressants which implies an affectation to diagnosis, control and improvement of patients. Further studies are needed to assess the outcomes indicators in vertigo...