Complicaciones postoperatorias tempranas en reemplazo primario de cadera por artrosis entre 2012-2016 / Early complications of primary total hip replacement for osteoarthritis ­ Between 2012 and 2016

RESUMEN

La artroplastia total de cadera (ATC) es el cambio quirúrgico de las partes anatómicas de la articulación coxofemoral por una prótesis. Puede lograrse una supervivencia a 10 años mayor de 95%, a 25 años superior a 80% y beneficios significativos en dolor, movilidad y función. Objetivo: describir la incidencia de complicaciones post operatorias tempranas en pacientes sometidos a ATC en los hospitales de San José e Infantil Universitario de San José de Bogotá, entre enero de 2012 y junio de 2016. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que incluyó los mayores de 18 años sometidos a ATC, se excluyeron aquellos fuera de Colombia o sin información de contacto. Cuando se realizó ATC en ambas caderas, se registraron y analizaron de forma independiente. Resultados: total 326 pacientes con 356 caderas sometidas a ATC. La mediana de edad fue 64 an˜ os (RIC 53-73), 67,79% hombres, 54,21% de los procedimientos en caderas derechas. Se identificaron 15 complicaciones, 14/356 (3,93%) presentaron al menos una, siendo la más frecuente el evento tromboembólico (1,69%) seguida de lesiones neurológicas (0,84%). No se observaron fracturas. Conclusiones: Se evidencia una baja incidencia de complicaciones en casos de artrosis primaria, siendo más frecuentes en mayores de 65 años.

ABSTRACT

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the surgical replacement of the anatomic components of the hip joint for a prosthesis. Survival rates of 95% (10 years) and 80% (more than 25 years) may be achieved. THA also provides significant benefits regarding pain, motion and function. Objective: To describe the incidence of early postoperative complications in patients who underwent THA at the San José and Infantil Universitario de San José hospitals in Bogotá between January 2012 and June 2016. Methodology: A descriptive retrospective study including patients aged 18 years or older who had THA. Those living abroad or having no contact information were excluded. Independent data analysis was conducted for each hip in bilateral THA. Results: A total of 326 patients with 356 hips undergoing THA were analyzed. Median age was 64 (IQR 53-73), 67.79% were males, and 54.21% THA were performed on the right hip. Fifteen complications were identified, 14/356 (3.93%) had at least one complication. The most common complications were thromboembolic events (1.69%) followed by neurologic lesions (0.84%). No fractures were observed. Conclusions: A low complication incidence after primary arthroplasty was evidenced. Complications were more frequent among those older than 65 years.