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Vanadium - An element both essential and toxic to plants, animals and humans?
Anke, Manfred.
Afiliação
  • Anke, Manfred; Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia. España
An. R. Acad. Farm ; 70(4): 961-999, oct. 2004. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-044564
Biblioteca responsável: ES1.1
Localização: ES1.1 - BNCS
RESUMEN
El vanadio fue descubierto por el mineralogista español A. M. del Río, enMéxico, en los años de 1802/1803. La corteza terrestre de 16 km de espesor contiene110 mg de vanadio por kg. A través de los combustibles fósiles se difundenanualmente en el medio ambiente 110.000 toneladas de vanadio. Con ayuda deplantas indicadoras se puede determinar la oferta local de vanadio.El vanadio es esencial para varias especies de algas, hongos y bacterias fijadorasde nitrógeno. La apoenzima de la peroxidasa de bromo, yodo y cloro necesitael vanadio para la formación de la holoenzima.La necesidad normativa de vanadio relativa al ser humano asciende a > 10 μg/día y el de la fauna a 10 μg/kg de la materia seca del forraje.Hay que distinguir entre los efectos farmacológicos, nutritivos y tóxicos delvanadio. Son raras las intoxicaciones por el vanadio. El vanadio frena la ATP-asade Na+ - K+ y abre los canales de potasio de la membrana de los eritrocitos. Los10-20 mg/día se consideran como valor límite del consumo de vanadio. Mayoresdosis provocan trastornos gastrointestinales e implican con frecuencia tincionesverdes de las mucosas (por ejemplo, de la lengua), alteraciones hematológicas yconcentraciones reducidas de la cisteína en los pelos y en las uñas
ABSTRACT
Vanadium was discovered in 1802/1803 by the Spanish mineralogist A. M. del Río in Mexico. Vanadium are present in the earth’s crust at an average concentration of 110 mg/kg. Vanadium is concentrated mainly in mafic rocks (basalt 200-250 mg/kg) and shales (100-130 mg/kg), lowest concentrations were found in limestones and dolomites (10-45 mg/kg). The average vanadium content of soils worldwide have been calculated to vary from 18 (peat) and 115 mg/kg (Rotliegende weathering soils). Burning of fossil fuels caused about 110000 t V/a to enter the atmosphere globally. With help of indicator plants (wheat, rye, red clover) the local plant bioavailable vanadium offer is to investigate. All foodstuffs, rich in starch and sugar and of animals are poor in vanadium (5- 40 μg V/kg dry matter, dm); mushrooms and leafy vegetable contain higher levels of vanadium (100 to > 1000 μg V/kg dm). Beer and wine (30 to 45 μg/l deliver much vanadium. In Germany and Mexico women with mixed diet take in 10 to 20 μg V/ day and men 20 to > 35 μg V/day. The high intake results from the higher beer consumption of men. Vegetarians take in significantly more vanadium. The vanadium concentration of organs and milk is not homeostatically regulated. Most tissues of the fauna reflect the vanadium status. Faecal excretion of the nutritional vanadium intake amounts to 96% in men and non lactating women and to 79 in lactating women. On an average, adults of both sexes and with either form of diet eliminate 4% of the vanadium intake renally. Lactating women secret 17% of the vanadium intake into the milk. Vanadium is essential for several species of green algae, fungi and nitrogenfixing microorganisms. The inactive apoenzymes of bromoperoxidase, iodoperoxidase and chloroperoxidase can be reconstituted by vanadium to active haloenzymes. The normative vanadium requirement for animals is with 3 mg/day. Higher doses can induces diarrhea, green tongues, haematological changes and lowered cysteine content in hair and nails
Assuntos
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Coleções: Bases de dados nacionais / Espanha Contexto em Saúde: Doenças Negligenciadas Problema de saúde: Diarreia Base de dados: IBECS Assunto principal: Vanadium Metallicum / Cadeia Alimentar / Iodeto Peroxidase Idioma: Inglês Revista: An. R. Acad. Farm Ano de publicação: 2004 Tipo de documento: Artigo Instituição/País de afiliação: Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia/España
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Coleções: Bases de dados nacionais / Espanha Contexto em Saúde: Doenças Negligenciadas Problema de saúde: Diarreia Base de dados: IBECS Assunto principal: Vanadium Metallicum / Cadeia Alimentar / Iodeto Peroxidase Idioma: Inglês Revista: An. R. Acad. Farm Ano de publicação: 2004 Tipo de documento: Artigo Instituição/País de afiliação: Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia/España
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