Acantosis nigricans is associated with risk factors related to cardiovascular disease in Mexican children with obesity / La Acantosis nigricans se asocia con factores de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares en niños mexicanos con obesidad

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity in Mexican children has increased during the last decade, as has the risk of early onset metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. Objective: To determine the association of Acantosis nigricans (AN) with dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and risk factors related to eating behavior in overweight and obese children. Patients and methods: This transverse analytical study, conducted in two Mexico City primary schools, included 300 boys and girls. Information was gathered on hereditary and perinatal background. A physical examination provided data on the presence/absence of AN, blood pressure, weight and height. The BMI and Z-score were calculated. The serum concentration of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides was quantified and the lipoprotein profile determined. Results: The prevalence of AN was 41.7%. An association was found between AN and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including BMI (rS 0.432; p < 0.0001), systolic and diastolic blood pressure above the 90th percentile (rS 0.231, p < 0.0001; rS 0.128, p = 0.026; respectively), hypertriglyceridemia (rS 0.156; p = 0.007), and low levels of cHDL (rS -0.160; p = 0.006). AN was also associated with risk eating behavior, including dieting to lose weight (p = 0.004), losing control over eating (p = 0.023), and body fat percentage above the 90th percentile (χ2 = 35.1; p = 0.0001). No association was observed between AN and serum glucose concentration (rS -0.018; p = 0.759). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated an association of AN with a low concentration of cHDL (RM 1.726; p = 0.041) and a high percentage of body fat (> 48%) (RM 3.591; p = 0.001). Conclusion: A high prevalence of AN was found in overweight and obese children. There was an association between AN and risk factors of cardiovascular disease, including Z-score, BMI, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure (AU)

RESUMEN

Introducción: la mayor prevalencia de obesidad en la población infantil mexicana durante la última década incrementa el riesgo de presentar trastornos metabólicos y enfermedades cardiovasculares a edades cada vez más tempranas. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre Acantosis nigricans(AN) con dislipidemia, hipertensión arterial, índice de masa corporal (IMC) y conductas alimentarias de riesgo en niños con sobrepeso y obesidad. Pacientes y métodos: estudio transversal analítico realizado en dos escuelas públicas de la zona metropolitana de la ciudad de México donde participaron 300 niños, de ambos sexos, obteniéndose información de los antecedentes heredofamiliares y perinatales. Con la exploración física se valoró la presencia o ausencia de AN y presión sanguínea. Se pesó y midió a los escolares, se calculó el IMC y se estimó su puntaje Z. Se cuantificó la concentración sérica de glucosa, colesterol, triglicéridos y perfil de lipoproteínas. Resultados: la prevalencia de AN fue 41,7%, al determinar la asociación entre la AN y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, se identificó una asociación con el IMC (rS 0.432; p 48%) (RM 3.591; p = 0,001). Conclusión: se observó una alta prevalencia de AN en niños con sobrepeso u obesidad y su asociación con factores de riesgo cardiovascular puntaje Z del IMC, dislipidemia y las cifras tensionales elevadas (AU)