Estado nutricional dos indígenas Kaingáng matriculados em escolas indígenas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Nutritional status of Kaingáng Indians enrolled in 12 indigenous schools in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

RESUMO

Caracterizar o estado nutricional de 3.254 Kaingáng de escolas indígenas de 12 terras indígenas do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Transversal de base escolar. Obtidas medidas de peso (P), estatura (E) e circunferência da cintura (CC) conforme Organização Mundial da Saúde - OMS (1995). Classificação do estado nutricional crianças índices E/I, P/I e P/E, de acordo com o National Center for Health Statistics (WHO, 1995) e E/I, P/I e índice de massa corporal/idade (IMC/I) de acordo com OMS (2006); adolescentes IMC/I (OMS, 1995 e 2006) e E/I (OMS, 2006); adultos IMC (OMS, 1995) e CC (OMS, 2003). Adolescentes representaram 56 por cento dos avaliados, crianças 42,5 por cento, adultos 1,4 por cento e idosos 0,1 por cento. Deficit estatural de 15,1 por cento (OMS, 1995) e 15,5 por cento (OMS, 2006) entre as crianças e de 19,9 por cento entre adolescentes. Freqüências de excesso de peso foram crianças 11 por cento (OMS, 1995) e 5,7 por cento (OMS, 2006); adolescentes 6,7 por cento; adultos 79,2 por cento. Entre adultos, 45,3 por cento estavam em risco aumentado para doenças metabólicas. Observada a transição nutricional no segmento, caracterizada por prevalências importantes de baixa estatura na infância e adolescência e sobrepeso proeminente em todas as faixas etárias.

ABSTRACT

The study's objective was to characterize the nutritional status of 3,254 Kaingáng Indians in indigenous schools in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This was a school-based study. Weight (W), height (H), and waist circumference (WC) were measured according to World Health Organization guidelines (1995). Children's nutritional status classification included H/A, W/A, and W/H according to the National Center for Health Statistics (WHO, 1995) and H/A, W/A, and body mass index/age (BMI/A) according to WHO (2006). Adolescents were classified for BMI/A (WHO, 1995 and 2006) and H/A (WHO, 2006). Adults were classified for BMI (WHO, 1995) and WC (WHO, 2003). Adolescents represented 56 percent of the sample, children 42.5 percent, adults 1.4 percent, and elderly 0.1 percent. Prevalence rates for stunting were 15.1 percent (WHO, 1983) and 15.5 percent (WHO, 2006) in children and 19.9 percent in adolescents. Prevalence rates for overweight were 11 percent (WHO, 1983) and 5.7 percent (WHO, 2006) in children, 6.7 percent in adolescents, and 79.2 percent in adults. 45.3 percent of adults were at increased risk of metabolic diseases. A nutritional transition was observed in the group, characterized by significant prevalence of stunting in children and adolescents and prominent overweight in all age groups.