Punção da artéria axilar para intervenções percutâneas em lactentes portadores de cardiopatias congênitas: "à procura de um caminho mais curto e mais seguro" / Axillary artery access for percutaneous interventions in infants with congenital heart disease: \"in search of a shorter and safer pathway"

RESUMO

INTRODUÇÃO: O acesso através da punção da artéria axilar (AAx) tem sido utilizado em adultos com bons resultados, porém seu uso em neonatos e lactentes jovens tem sido pouco relatado. Nosso objetivo foi relatar a experiência inicial com o uso desse acesso em diferentes intervenções nessa faixa etária de pacientes. Método: De janeiro de 2009 a setembro de 2010 foram incluídas 11 crianças submetidas a diferentes procedimentos intervencionistas realizados através de punção da AAx. O procedimento foi realizado com agulha 21 G, sendo utilizados introdutores 4 F ou 5 F pediátricos. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 26 + - 12 dias e o peso médio de 4,2 +- 1,7 kg. Os procedimentos intervencionistas realizados foram implante de stent no canal arterial (6) valvoplastia aórtica (1) angioplastia aórtica (2), implante de stent em Blalock-Taussig (1), e redilatação do stent do canal arterial (!). A punção da AAx direita foi realizada com sucesso em todos os pacientes e sem dificuldade técnica. Os tempos médios do procedimento...

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Axillary artery access (AxA) has been used in adults with good results, however, its use in neonates and infants has not been extensively reported. This study was aimed at reporting our initial experience using this access in different cardiac interventions in this age group. METHOD: From January 2009 to September 2010, 11 children were submitted to different cardiac interventions using AxA. The procedure was performed with a 21 G needle followed by the insertion of a 4 F or a 5 F pediatric sheats. RESULTS: Mean age was 26 ± 12 days and mean weight was 4.2 ± 1.7 Kg. The cardiac interventions performed were stenting of the arterial duct (6), aortic valvoplasty (1), aortic angioplasty (2), stent implantation in a Blalock-Taussig shunt (1) and stent redilation in the arterial duct (1). Right AxA puncture was successfully obtained in all patients without technical difficulties. Mean procedure and fluoroscopy times were 52 ± 15 minutes and 13 ± 4 minutes, respectively. Pneumothorax without hemodynamic involvement was the single complication in one patient. The other patients did not have any abnormalities. There were no ischemic or neurologic complications in the ipsilateral limb. Mean time of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay was 48 ± 16 hours. There were no deaths during the interventional procedures and one patient died of sepsis at the ICU 5 days after the procedure. CONCLUSION: In our experience AxA proved to be a safe and effective alternative for different interventional procedures in neonates and infants with congenital heart diseases.